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Search references for PH TH. Phrases containing PH TH
See searches and references containing PH TH!PH TH
Consonant followed by a strong burst of air
been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Gemination of aspirated consonants in Eastern Armenian Double aspirated
Aspirated_consonant
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages
following table. Most Indo-Aryan languages have contrastive aspiration (/ʈ/ ~ /ʈʰ/), and some retain historical breathy voice on voiced consonants (/ɖ/ ~ /ɖʱ/)
Indo-Aryan_languages
as in ⟨aë⟩, ⟨aü⟩ and ⟨oë⟩. The digraphs ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩ and ⟨ch⟩, standing for the aspirated consonants /pʰ/, /tʰ/ and /kʰ/ (initially written in loanwords
Latin phonology and orthography
Latin_phonology_and_orthography
Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people
plosives have two allophonic variants each: those with a delay in voicing ([pʰ tʰ kʰ]), and those with velar friction ([pˣ tˣ kˣ]), which occur before /a/
Lakota_language
Sound system of the Korean language
aspirated as /pʰ, tʰ, tɕʰ, kʰ/ in initial position; the primary difference is that vowels following the plain consonants carry low tone. /pʰ, tʰ, tɕʰ, kʰ/
Korean_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of Ancient Greek
the Proto-Indo-European aspirates were devoiced to voiceless aspirates /pʰ tʰ kʰ/, written ⟨ɸ θ χ⟩ (though these would later become fricatives in Attic
Ancient_Greek_phonology
Modern Hellenic language
τσχούα, άτσχωπο, τσχάο [ˈtʃua, ˈatʃopo, ˈtʃao] [sp, st, sθ, sk, sx] > [pʰ, tʰ, tʰ, kʰ, kʰ]: σπείρων, ιστός, επιάσθη, ασκός, ίσχων [ˈspirɔːn, isˈtos, epiˈasθi
Tsakonian_Greek
Script used to write the Greek language
denoted voiced plosive consonants (/b, d, g/) and aspirated plosives (/pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/) in Ancient Greek stand for corresponding fricative sounds in Modern
Greek_alphabet
Ancient forms of the Greek language
stops bʰ dʰ ǵʰ gʰ gʷʰ were devoiced and became the aspirated stops φ θ χ /pʰ tʰ kʰ/ in ancient Greek. The pronunciation of Ancient Greek was very different
Ancient_Greek
Austroasiatic language
based on their Middle Vietnamese pronunciation; since that period, ph and kh (but not th) have evolved from aspirated stops into fricatives (like Greek phi
Vietnamese_language
Tibeto-Burman language
/pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, s/ are pronounced as /b, d, g, z/ respectively. The consonants /b, d, m, n, ɾ, l/ can occur in all positions. The consonants /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ
Boro_language_(India)
Kra–Dai language
affricates. The maximal four-way occurred in labials (/p pʰ b ʔb/) and denti-alveolars (/t tʰ d ʔd/); the three-way distinction among velars (/k kʰ ɡ/)
Thai_language
Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩
see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. In English, the digraph ⟨th⟩ usually represents either the voiced dental fricative phoneme /ð/ (as in
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩
Official Thai romanization system
consonants as in IPA except as follows: Digraphs with ⟨h⟩ (⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨kh⟩) are aspirated /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/ consonants to distinguish them from unaspirated ⟨p⟩
Royal Thai General System of Transcription
Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription
Bantu language of South Africa and Zimbabwe
There are no clicks. As in other South African languages like Zulu, ph, ṱh, th, kh are aspirated and the "plain" stops p, ṱ, t, and k are ejective. There
Venda_language
see collating sequence. ↑↑↑↑ In classical Latin, the digraphs ⟨ch⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨rh⟩, ⟨th⟩ were used in loanwords from Greek, but they were not included in the
List of Latin-script alphabets
List_of_Latin-script_alphabets
System of phonetic notation
aspiration of a consonant, e.g. [pʰ tʰ𐞂 kʰ𐞁]. Another option is to use extIPA parentheses and a doubled diacritic: ⟨p⁽ʰ⁾ tʰ kʰʰ⟩. The small set of modifier
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Nguni language of southern South Africa
Kwaso [IsiXhosa Indigenous Languages in Zimbabwe: Survival and Preservation] (PhD) (in Xhosa). Rhodes University. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021
Xhosa_language
Standardized dialect of Tibetan
dz, ɖ ~ ɖʐ, dʑ, ɟ, ɡ], whereas the aspirated stops and affricates /pʰ, tʰ, tsʰ, ʈʰ ~ ʈʂʰ, tɕ, cʰ, kʰ/ lose some of their aspiration. Thus, in this context
Lhasa_Tibetan
Dialect of Greek in the ancient world
latter three (Φ, Θ, Χ), which were initially pronounced as aspirates (/pʰ tʰ kʰ/ respectively), developed into the fricatives /f/ (via [ɸ]), /θ/, and
Koine_Greek
Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people
languages – in particular, the devoicing of voiced aspirates (bh dh gh > ph th kh), shift of medial t d to l, of short a to e, initial kh to x, rhoticization
Romani_language
Paleosiberian language family
University Press. 31: 3. Shiraishi, Hidetoshi (2006). Topics in Nivkh Phonology (PhD thesis). University of Groningen. Mattissen, Johanna (2003). Dependent-Head
Nivkh_languages
Extinct Eastern Iranic language spoken from 100 BC to 1,100 AD
*uw → u *β, ð, ʝ, ɣ > b, d, ɟ, g initially *f, *θ, *x → ph, th, kh (remaining instances) *rth → ṭh; *rt, *rd → ḍ Lenition of b, d, g (from earlier voiceless
Saka_language
Official language of the country of Georgia
ɡ̊]. In word-final positions, /b, d, ɡ/ may be devoiced and aspirated to [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]. /r/ may be dropped in CrC contexts in colloquial speech. Word-final
Georgian_language
Latin-based international auxiliary language
(trilled): [r] v—like English w.: [w] x—as ks.: [ks] ch, ph, th—as c, p, t in can, pan, tan: [kʰ, pʰ, tʰ] c—like k always, as in scan, scat: [k] (not aspirated)
Latino_sine_flexione
Proposal in Proto-Indo-European phonology
Proto-Indo-European proposal, there was a fourth phonation series, voiceless aspirated *pʰ, *tʰ, *ḱʰ, *kʰ, *kʷʰ, which was assumed to exist on the basis of what is found
Glottalic_theory
Dissimilatory sound law
Greek took place after the change of Proto-Indo-European *bʰ, *dʰ, *gʰ to /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/ (PIE *bʰn̥ǵʰús > παχύς (pakhús) not bakhús but Sanskrit बहु (bahú))
Grassmann's_law
Experimental constructed language
b d̪ d d͡z ẓ d͡ʒ j ɡ voiceless p t̪ t t͡s c t͡ʃ č k ʔ ’ aspirated (pʰ) ph (t̪ʰ) th (t͡sʰ) ch (t͡ʃʰ) čh (kʰ) kh Fricative voiced v ð d͕ z ʒ ž voiceless
Ithkuil
ISO standard for transcription of Thai
IPA, except: uses ⟨c⟩ for /tɕ/ digraphs with ⟨h⟩ (⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨ch⟩) are aspirated (/pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, tɕʰ/) consonants, to distinguish them from the
ISO_11940-2
Writing system
the written letters in sequence. Examples are ⟨ch⟩, ⟨ng⟩, ⟨rh⟩, ⟨sh⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩ in English, and ⟨ij⟩, ⟨ee⟩, ⟨ch⟩ and ⟨ei⟩ in Dutch. In Dutch the ⟨ij⟩
Latin_script
Alemannic dialects spoken in Switzerland
usually represents [æ], and can also represent [ə] or [ɛ]. ⟨ph⟩ represents [pʰ], ⟨th⟩ represents [tʰ], and ⟨gh⟩ represents [kʰ]. Since [ei] is written as ⟨ei⟩
Swiss_German
native language instruction and education in Taiwanese elementary schools (PhD thesis), University of Texas at Austin, hdl:2152/3598. Iwata, Ray (1995)
Varieties_of_Chinese
Bantu language of Botswana and South Africa
realised as /h/ in most dialects; and /tɬ/ and /tɬʰ/ are realised as /t/ and /tʰ/ in northern dialects. The consonant /ŋ/ can exist at the end of a word without
Tswana_language
Tuu language of southwestern Botswana and eastern Namibia
voiced b d̪ dz (ɟ) ɡ ɢ [ᶰɢ] tenuis (p) t̪ ts k q ʔ voiceless aspirated (pʰ) t̪ʰ tsʰ kʰ qʰ prevoiced aspirated ˬd̪̊ʰ ˬd̥sʰ (ˬɡ̊ʰ) (ˬɢ̥ʰ) [ᶰɢ͡qʰ] velarized
Taa_language
Nguni language of eastern South Africa and neighbouring countries
modally voiced m n ɲ slack-voiced mʱ nʱ (ŋʱ) Plosive plain pʼ tʼ kʼ aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ slack-voiced bʱ dʱ ɡʱ implosive ɓ ɠ Affricate plain tsʼ tʃʼ kxʼ~k𝼄ʼ
Zulu_language
Extinct language in Egypt
inferred because the stops ⟨ⲡ ⲧ ϫ ⲕ⟩ /p t c k/ are allophonically aspirated [pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ] before stressed vowels and sonorant consonants. In Bohairic, the
Egyptian_language
Bantu language spoken in Eswatini and South Africa
[ŋ, ŋɡ] ngc - [ᵑǀʱ] nhl - [ⁿɫ] p - [pʼ] ph - [pʰ] q - [kʼ, k̬] s - [s] sh - [ʃ] t - [tʼ] tf - [tf] th - [tʰ] tj - [tʃʼ] ts - [tsʼ, tsʰ] v - [v] w - [w]
Swazi_language
Indigenous language of the central Andes of South America
between Ayacucho Quechua and the others is that it lacks the aspirated (tʃʰ, pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, qʰ) and ejective (tʃʼ, pʼ, tʼ, kʼ, qʼ) series of stop consonants. The
Southern_Quechua
labialized Stop or affricate voiceless *p *t *ts *k *kʷ *ʔ *ʔʷ aspirate *ph *th *tsh *kh *khʷ voiced aspirate *bh *dh *dzh *gh *ghʷ voiced *d *g *gʷ Nasal
Reconstructions of Old Chinese
Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese
Proto-Germanic sound law
whereby consonants that would usually have been the voiceless fricatives *f, *þ, *s, *h, *hʷ, following an unstressed syllable, became the voiced fricatives
Verner's_law
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Bhutan
fricative trill [r̝], and is voiceless in the onsets of high-tone syllables. /t, tʰ, ts, tsʰ, s/ are dental. Descriptions of the palatal affricates and fricatives
Dzongkha
Chamic language of Vietnam and Cambodia
Jarai: short /e o/ are represented as ⟨ ê̆ ô̆ ⟩. Aspirated /pʰ tʰ kʰ/ are written as digraphs ⟨ph th kh⟩, and /ŋ/ is represented as ⟨ng⟩. The b with a stroke
Jarai_language
Sounds and pronunciation of Icelandic
but also analyzes the aspirates as sequences /bh/, /ɡh/, /dh/ (or /ph/, /kh/, /th/ depending on how the non-aspirate stops are analyzed) and reduces all
Icelandic_phonology
Sal language of Northeast India
word final position. Sometimes /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, s/ are pronounced as /b, d, g, z/ respectively. The consonants /pʰ, b, tʰ, kʰ, m, n, r, l/ can occur in all
Dimasa_language
Dialect of Basque spoken in France
Basque.[citation needed] Souletin features the voiceless aspirated stops /pʰ/,/tʰ/,/kʰ/, which contrast with their unaspirated counterparts. The alveolar
Souletin_dialect
Celtic language
phonemic contrast today is between unaspirated [p t̪ k] and aspirated [pʰ t̪ʰ kʰ]. In many dialects, these stops may however gain voicing through secondary
Scottish_Gaelic
Indigenous South American language family
terras tropicais sul-americanas Archived 2021-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification
Arawakan_languages
Karenic dialect continuum
Alveolar Post-alv./ Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive voiceless p t k aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ voiced b d ɡ Affricate tʃ Fricative voiceless θ ʂ h aspirated sʰ voiced
Karenni_language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in Haryana, India
Glottal Nasal m n̪ ɳ ɲ ŋ Stop/ Affricate voiceless p t̪ ʈ t͡ɕ k aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ voiced b d̪ ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ breathy bʱ d̪ʱ ɖʱ d͡ʑʱ ɡʱ Fricative voiceless
Haryanvi_language
Southern Bantu language of Lesotho and neighbouring countries
aspirated ᵏǃʰ nasal ᵑǃ Nasal m n ɲ ŋ Plosive ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ voiced b (d)1 Affricate ejective tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ aspirated tsʰ tɬʰ tʃʰ kxʰ
Sotho_language
Romani dialect of the Balkans
information from Matras): Balkan Romani retains the aspirated consonants /pʰ, tʰ, tʃʰ, kʰ/ of other Indic languages. These are distinctive in the majority
Balkan_Romani
Earliest attested form of the Greek language
varieties, labialized velars were replaced with labials /b, p, pʰ/, dentals /d, t, tʰ/, or velars /ɡ k kʰ/, depending on the context and the dialect.
Mycenaean_Greek
Diacritical mark
thus: bh ch dh fh gh mh ph sh th. In Old Irish orthography, the dot was used only for ḟ ṡ, while the following h was used for ch ph th; lenition of other letters
Dot_(diacritic)
Indo-Aryan language
ɳ ɲ ŋ Stop/ Affricate voiceless p t ʈ tʃ k voiced b d ɖ dʒ ɡ aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰ murmured bʱ dʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ Fricative voiceless (f) s ʂ ʃ voiced (z)
Gujarati_language
Writing system for siNtu languages
component articulations in a single iBheqe, like /p͡fʰ/ being composed of both /pʰ/ and /f/, with the exception of the post-alveolar and retroflex ones, discussed
Ditema_tsa_Dinoko
Dravidian language
consonants occur mostly in Sanskrit and Prakrit loanwords, additionally /tʰ/ is used to substitute /θ/ in English loans, the only aspirate which occurs
Telugu_language
Extinct Indo-European language of the Carpathian region
ri ur (or), ur (ol) al *n̥, *m̥ a un an *b, *d, *g b, d, g p, t, k p, t, k *p, *t, *k p, t, k ph, th, kh ph, th, kh *s s s ∅ *sw s s w *sr str str br
Dacian_language
Sino-Tibetan dialect cluster centered on Himachal Pradesh, India
has six pairs of long/short vowels: /h/, aspirated obstruents (i.e. /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /ʈʰ/, /kʰ/, /t͡sʰ/, /t͡ʃʰ/), and glides (i.e. /w/, /j/) do not occur in
Kinnauri_language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
(1923–2003). In this orthography, the "hard consonants" /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, sʰ/ are written as "ph, th, kh, z". Below is the sound system of Maranao including
Maranao_language
North Germanic language of the Faroe Islands
/h/–sonorant clusters (hr, hl, hn > r, l, n), and the dissolution of þ (þ > t; þ > h in demonstrative pronouns and adverbs) appeared before the end of
Faroese_language
Tai language of southern China
[ɲ] ᥭ [ŋ] ᥒ Plosive tenuis [p] ᥙ [t] ᥖ [t͡s] ᥓ [k] ᥐ [ʔ] ᥟ aspirated [pʰ] ᥚ [tʰ] ᥗ [t͡sʰ] ᥡ [kʰ] ᥠ Fricative unvoiced [f] ᥜ [s] ᥔ [x] ᥑ [h] ᥞ voiced [v]
Tai_Ya_language
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
changing into fricatives *f, *θ, *x resp.; voiceless aspirated stops *pʰ, *tʰ, *kʰ turning into fricatives *f, *θ, *x, resp. The multitude of Middle
Iranian_languages
Indo-European language of the Italic branch
Glottal Plain Labialised Plosive voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ voiceless p t k kʷ aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ Fricative voiced (z) voiceless f s h Nasal m n (ŋ) Trill r Approximant
Latin
Oldest widely attested Gaelic language
superdot: ṁ, ṅ. Old Irish digraphs include the lenition consonants: ch, fh, th, ph, sh, the eclipsis consonants: mb, nd, ng; ṁb, ṅd, ṅg, the geminatives: bb
Old_Irish
Dialect of the western Iranian language
consonants may also occur as aspirated allophones in word initial position as [pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ] and [wʱ]. Allophones of stops in postvocalic position include
Eastern_Balochi_(dialect)
Spelling and punctuation of the Irish language
overdot was only used for ⟨ḟ, ṡ⟩, while the following ⟨h⟩ was used for ⟨ch, ph, th⟩ and the lenition of other letters ⟨b, d, g, m⟩ was not indicated, lenition
Irish_orthography
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China
only two tonal levels. /t, tʰ, d, n, l/ can be heard as [ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɳ, ɭ] when preceding vowel sounds /ɯ, u, v̩, ɤ, æ/. /p, pʰ, b, m, w/ can be heard as
Na_language
Dialect group of Alemannic German
German spoken in the North. Voiceless plosives are frequently aspirated as [pʰ tʰ kʰ]. Voiced consonants /b d ɡ v/ can be devoiced as [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ v̥] after
Swabian_German
Turkic language spoken in Tuva, Russia
2001 for a phonetic and acoustic study of Tuvan low pitch vowels.) In her PhD thesis, "Long Vowels in Mongolic Loanwords in Tuvan", Baiarma Khabtagaeva
Tuvan_language
Latin script for the Vietnamese language
trigraph, ⟨ngh⟩, and ten digraphs: ⟨ch⟩, ⟨gh⟩, ⟨gi⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨ng⟩, ⟨nh⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨qu⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨tr⟩. Each consonant can also be called by the consonant followed
Vietnamese_alphabet
Tibetic language spoken in Ladakh, India
Ladakhi is most often romanised using modified Wylie transliteration, with th denoting an aspirated dental t, for example. Ladakhi nouns inflect for number
Ladakhi_language
North Germanic language
may be [ʊ] when unstressed. Voiceless stops /p, t̪, k/ may be aspirated [pʰ, t̪ʰ, kʰ]. /ɡ/ may be heard as a fricative [ʝ] or as a fricative [ɣ], when before
Gutnish
Indo-Aryan language
ŋ Plosive/ Affricate voiceless unaspirated p t̪ ʈ tʃ k aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰ voiced unaspirated b d̪ ɖ dʒ ɡ aspirated bʱ d̪ʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ Fricative
Bengali_language
Indo-Aryan language
continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PhD dissertation). The Australian National University. doi:10.25911/5d7a2b0c76304
Odia_language
Dialect of Yue Chinese
sociolinguistic perspective, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, pp. 1–237 (Ph.D. Dissertation) Light, Timothy (1986), "Toishan Affixal Aspects", in McCoy
Taishanese
Oghuz Turkic language of southwestern Iran
but may occur as aspirated before vowels or in word-final position as [pʰ tʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ]. Sounds /z, ŋ, ʁ/ never occur in word-initial position, except
Qashqai_language
Obstruent that is voiceless, unaspirated and unglottalized
differentiated three series of consonants, voiced β δ γ /b d ɡ/, aspirate φ θ χ /pʰ tʰ kʰ/, and tenuis π τ κ /p˭ t˭ k˭/. Analogous series occur in many other languages
Tenuis_consonant
Sotho-Tswana language spoken in South Africa
Glottal plain lateral Nasal m n ɲ ŋ Plosive ejective pʼ tʼ tˡʼ kʼ aspirated pʰ tʰ tˡʰ kʰ Affricate ejective tsʼ tʃʼ aspirated tsʰ tʃʰ kxʰ Fricative voiceless
Northern_Sotho
Sounds and pronunciation of the Burmese language
voiceless, voiced, and voiced aspirated or murmured. The first set ⟨ဖ⟩ /pʰ/, ⟨ထ⟩ /tʰ/, ⟨ဆ⟩ /sʰ/, and ⟨ခ⟩ /kʰ/, as well as the second set ⟨ပ⟩ /p/, ⟨တ⟩ /t/
Burmese_phonology
Kipchak Turkic language
in words with back vowels. Voiceless stops /p, t, k, q/ are aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, qʰ], and the voice onset time is highest in word-initial position.
Kazakh_language
Arawakan language of Peru
Consonants Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ voiceless p t tʲ k ʔ voiced b d dʲ g Affricate aspirated t͡sʰ c͡çʰ voiceless
Resígaro_language
Consonant which either forms a syllable by itself or is the nucleus of a syllable
languages have syllabic obstruents in normal vocabulary, such as Nuxálk [p̍ʰ.t̩ʰ.k̩ʰ.ts̩ʰ], [s̩.pʰs̩] "northeast wind", [ɬ̩.q̍ʰ] 'wet', [ť̩.ɬ̩.ɬ̩] 'dry'
Syllabic_consonant
North American aboriginal language
the palatal glide /j/. The letters ⟨p t k⟩ represent the aspirated stops /pʰ tʰ kʰ/, but only at the start of a syllable. At the end of a syllable, ⟨p t⟩
Kiowa_language
North American aboriginal language
from federal to tribal control. Southern Tiwa has 29 consonants: Stops /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/ and /b, d/ may be fricated in different positions as [f, θ, x] and
Southern_Tiwa_language
Language family of North America
*t *k *ʔ glottalized *pʼ *tʼ *kʼ preaspirated *ʰp *ʰt *ʰk postaspirated *pʰ *tʰ *kʰ Fricative plain *s *ʃ *x *h glottalized *sʼ *ʃʼ *xʼ Sonorant *w *r *j
Siouan_languages
Last common ancestor of all varieties of Greek
changes included: Devoicing of voiced aspirates *bʰ, *dʰ, *ɡʰ, *ɡʷʰ to *pʰ, *tʰ, *kʰ, *kʷʰ. This change preceded and fed both stages of palatalization
Proto-Greek_language
Western Iranian language
consonants may also occur as aspirated allophones in word initial position as [pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ] and [wʱ]. Allophones of stops in postvocalic position include
Balochi_language
Branch of Chinese spoken in northern China
Chinese become aspirated in both level and entering tones, namely [b] → [pʰ], [d] → [tʰ] and [ɡ] → [kʰ]. Shangdang group [zh] (simplified Chinese: 上党片; traditional
Jin_Chinese
Austroasiatic language
sounds in that position may be analysed as sequences of two phonemes: /ph/, /th/, /ch/, /kh/. This analysis is supported by the fact that infixes can be
Khmer_language
Spelling and punctuation of the French language
(usually Latin or Greek) maintained in modern French, e.g. the use of ⟨ph⟩ in téléphone, ⟨th⟩ in théorème, or ⟨ch⟩ in chaotique. In the second case, a digraph
French_orthography
Bantu language
as IPA. Some dialects of Swahili may also have the aspirated phonemes /pʰ tʰ tʃʰ kʰ bʱ dʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ/ though they are unmarked in Swahili's orthography.
Swahili
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Nasal m n Plosive/ Affricate voiceless p t̪ ts ʈ k voiceless aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ ʈʰ kʰ voiced b d̪ dz ɖ ɡ voiced aspirated bʱ d̪ʱ dzʱ ɖʱ ɡʱ Fricative s
Bundeli_language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Chhattisgarh, India
Glottal Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ Stop/ Affricate voiceless p t ʈ tʃ k aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰ voiced b d ɖ dʒ ɡ breathy bʱ dʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ Fricative s h Trill/Tap
Chhattisgarhi_language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Bez, Gitanjali (2012). Grammatical Categories in Madhav Kandali's Ramayana (Ph.D.). Gauhati University. hdl:10603/116370. Kakati, Banikanta (1941). Assamese:
Surjapuri_language
Unified set of pronunciation rules for German
[b̥aːd̥], respectively. The voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ are aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] in the same environments as in Standard German but more strongly, especially
Bühnendeutsch
Phonology of the English language
features. The allophones of the fortes /p, t, tʃ, k/ include: aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] when they occur in the onset of a stressed syllable, as in potato.
English_phonology
Reconstructed ancestor of the Hlai languages
reduced to monosyllabic forms in Proto-Hlai. Stop and Fricative Affrication – ʈʰ > tʃʰ, cʰ > tɕʰ, etc. Peripheral Vowel Raising – e(ːC) > i(ːC), o(ːC) > u(ːC)
Proto-Hlai_language
Consonant sound change
the lenited letter. In Welsh, for example, c, p, and t change into ch, ph, th as a result of the so-called "aspirate mutation" (carreg, "stone" → ei charreg
Lenition
Orthography reform for indigenous place names
unaspirated sounds (p, t, ch, k, q), an aspirated series spelled with an h (ph, th, chh, kh, qh); and finally an ejective series spelled with an apostrophe
Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift
Quechuan_and_Aymaran_spelling_shift
Dravidian language of eastern India
Rico (2024). Documentation of the Kurux, an endangered Dravidian language (PhD). University of Hyderabad. hdl:10603/642551. Current issues Alisha Vandana
Kurukh_language
PH TH
PH TH
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly in the West Midlands)
English (chiefly in the West Midlands) : topographic name for someone who lived by an extensive (Middle English long) marsh or fen (Middle English more).
Female
English
 This English name is usually chosen for its association with the butterfly genus. Its origin remains uncertain despite the claim that it was invented by Jonathan Swift, author of Gulliver's Travels, for his intimate friend Esther Vanhomrigh. Supposedly he created it by combining the first syllable of her surname, Van-, with her first name, Esther, or the suffix -essa; but, if he created it at all, it is more likely that he based it on the Greek name Phanessa, substituting the "Ph" with the "V" from Esther's surname. Besides, the name may have existed before Swift's time. Phanessa is a feminine form of Orphic Phanes, the name of a primeval, hermaphroditic golden-winged god, VANESSA means "bring to light; make appear."Â
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of the Latin personal name Januarius or its Italian derivative Gennaro, which was borne by a number of early Christian saints, most famously a 3rd-century bishop of Benevento who became the patron of Naples.English
Americanized form of the Latin personal name Januarius or its Italian derivative Gennaro, which was borne by a number of early Christian saints, most famously a 3rd-century bishop of Benevento who became the patron of Naples.English : altered form of Janeway.In New England, a translation of French Janvier.
Surname or Lastname
English (widespread, especially in the southeast)
English (widespread, especially in the southeast) : from the genitive singular or nominative plural form of Old English halh ‘nook’, ‘recess’ (see Hale).Irish : when not of English origin, this may be a variant of Healy or McHale.
Surname or Lastname
English of three possible origins
English of three possible origins : of three possible origins: from a medieval survival with added initial H- of the Old English personal name Ædduc, a diminutive of Æddi, itself a short form of various compound names with the first element ēad ‘prosperity’, ‘fortune’.English of three possible origins : habitational name from Haydock near Liverpool, which is probably named from Welsh heiddog ‘characterized by barley’.English of three possible origins : from Middle English hadduc ‘haddock’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a fisherman or fish seller, or a nickname for someone supposedly resembling the fish.
Male
Thai/Siamese
Thai name THUANTHONG means "golden spear."
Male
Thai/Siamese
Thai name THINNAKORN means "sun."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Thulasitharan | தà¯à®²à®¸à¯€à®¤à®°à®£
The Moon
Thulasitharan | தà¯à®²à®¸à¯€à®¤à®°à®£
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia and the south)
English (East Anglia and the south) : topographic name for someone who lived on a spur of a hill, from the Old English dative case hÅe (originally used after a preposition) of hÅh ‘spur of a hill’. The surname may also derive from any of the minor places named with this word, such as Hoo in Kent and Hooe in Devon and Sussex.Chinese : see Hu.
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of Danish Endersen, a patronymic from the personal name Endricht, probably of Low German or Frisian origin.Altered spelling of Norwegian Endresen, a common patronymic from Endre, from the Old Norse personal name Eindri{dh}i, composed of t
Altered spelling of Danish Endersen, a patronymic from the personal name Endricht, probably of Low German or Frisian origin.Altered spelling of Norwegian Endresen, a common patronymic from Endre, from the Old Norse personal name Eindri{dh}i, composed of the elements ein ‘one’, ‘sole’ + ri{dh}i ‘rider’.English : variant of Anderson, a patronymic from the personal name Anders.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (common in the Northern Isles)
Scottish (common in the Northern Isles) : patronymic from the personal name Magnus.English : patronymic from the Middle English nickname or byname Mann.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : patronymic from Man 8.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Thrilookaman | தà¯à®°à¯€à®²à¯‚காமந
Three words heaven, Earth, Hell
Thrilookaman | தà¯à®°à¯€à®²à¯‚காமந
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of German Illig. One family bearing this name and known to have made this change in form came to OH from Alsace in the 19th century.English
Americanized form of German Illig. One family bearing this name and known to have made this change in form came to OH from Alsace in the 19th century.English : habitational name from either of two places called Elwick, in North Yorkshire and Northumberland, named with the Old English personal name Ella (or in the case of the first, possibly an unattested Ægla) + Old English wīc ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
Reduced form of the Dutch surname van Galen, a habitational name, probably from Gaal in the province of North Brabant, or perhaps from the German town of Gahlen in North Rhine-Westphalia.English
Reduced form of the Dutch surname van Galen, a habitational name, probably from Gaal in the province of North Brabant, or perhaps from the German town of Gahlen in North Rhine-Westphalia.English : variant of Galyon.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of the French topographic name Garrigue (see Garrigues).Scottish
Americanized spelling of the French topographic name Garrigue (see Garrigues).Scottish : variant of Garioch, a habitational name from the district in Aberdeenshire so named.English : habitational name from Garwick in Lincolnshire, named from an Old English personal name Gǣra + Old English wīc ‘(dairy) farm’.The name is closely associated with the Huguenots. The English actor-manager David Garrick (1717–79) was the grandson of David de la Garrique, who fled Bordeaux in 1685, changing his family name to Garric on arrival in England. Other Garricks (Garicks) were in SC in the 1820s.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of Jewish Leykin (from Belarus), a metronymic from Leyke, a pet form of the Yiddish female personal name Leye, from the Hebrew female personal name Lea, from which English Leah is derived (see Genesis 29
Americanized spelling of Jewish Leykin (from Belarus), a metronymic from Leyke, a pet form of the Yiddish female personal name Leye, from the Hebrew female personal name Lea, from which English Leah is derived (see Genesis 29 : 16) + the Slavic possessive suffix -in.English : from a medieval personal name, a diminutive of Lawrence. Compare Law 1 and Larkin.
Surname or Lastname
Altered spelling of French Minot, written thus to preserve the final -t, which is pronounced in Canadian French.English
Altered spelling of French Minot, written thus to preserve the final -t, which is pronounced in Canadian French.English : variant of Minett.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia and the southeast)
English (mainly East Anglia and the southeast) : from a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements hari, heri ‘army’ + mÄri, mÄ“ri ‘famous’.English : habitational name from Haremere Hall in Etchingham, Sussex, which is named from Old English hÄr ‘gray’ + mere ‘pool’.
Surname or Lastname
English (found chiefly in the West Midlands and in Ireland)
English (found chiefly in the West Midlands and in Ireland) : habitational name from Hodnet in Shropshire, or any of various places called Hoddnant in Wales. The place names are from Welsh hawdd ‘pleasant’, ‘peaceful’ + nant ‘valley’, ‘stream’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Wales and the West Midlands)
English (Wales and the West Midlands) : variant of Hollifield.
PH TH
PH TH
Boy/Male
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Heart; Mind
Girl/Female
Indian
Victorious, Successful, One who is a source of success, Triumphant
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The God Surya
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
God Shiva's Helper
Boy/Male
Hindu
A chamber of the heart
Boy/Male
Muslim
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lady, Nobel, Women, Self respected
Girl/Female
French
Woman of Magdala. Tower.
PH TH
PH TH
PH TH
PH TH
PH TH
n.
One of the Thysanura. Also used adjectively.
n.
One of the Thysanoptera.
n. pl.
A division of insects, considered by some writers a distinct order, but regarded by others as belonging to the Hemiptera. They are all of small size, and have narrow, broadly fringed wings with rudimentary nervures. Most of the species feed upon the juices of plants, and some, as those which attack grain, are very injurious to crops. Called also Physopoda. See Thrips.
n. pl.
The most westerly branch of the great Slavic family of nations, numbering now more than 6,000,000, and found principally in Bohemia and Moravia. D () The fourth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. The English letter is from Latin, which is from Greek, which took it from Ph/nician, the probable ultimate origin being Egyptian. It is related most nearly to t and th; as, Eng. deep, G. tief; Eng. daughter, G. tochter, Gr. qyga`thr, Skr. duhitr. See Guide to Pronunciation, Ã178, 179, 229.
n.
One of the sonant mutes /, /, / (b, d, g), in Greek, or of their equivalents in other languages, so named as intermediate between the tenues, /, /, / (p, t, k), and the aspiratae (aspirates) /, /, / (ph or f, th, ch). Also called middle mute, or medial, and sometimes soft mute.
n.
A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. (b) A North American passerine bird (Agelarius ph/niceus) of the family Icteridae. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, red-winged troupial, marsh blackbird, and swamp blackbird.
n.
A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. C () C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek /, /, and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Ph/nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search.
n.
A staff entwined with ivy, and surmounted by a pine cone, or by a bunch of vine or ivy leaves with grapes or berries. It is an attribute of Bacchus, and of the satyrs and others engaging in Bacchic rites.
n.
A common clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe).
n. pl.
An order of wingless hexapod insects which have setiform caudal appendages, either bent beneath the body to form a spring, or projecting as bristles. It comprises the Cinura, or bristletails, and the Collembola, or springtails. Called also Thysanoura. See Lepisma, and Podura.
pl.
of Thyrsus
a.
Of or pertaining to the Thysanoptera.
n.
The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2. Q () the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one sound (that of k), and is always followed by u, the two letters together being sounded like kw, except in some words in which the u is silent. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 249. Q is not found in Anglo-Saxon, cw being used instead of qu; as in cwic, quick; cwen, queen. The name (k/) is from the French ku, which is from the Latin name of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it, through a Greek alphabet, from the Ph/nician, the ultimate origin being Egyptian.
n.
One of the Thysanoptera.
n.
A species of inflorescence; a dense panicle, as in the lilac and horse-chestnut.
n.
Any plant which produces true seeds; -- a term recently proposed to replace ph/nogam.
pron.
An emphasized form of the personal pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with thou; as, thou thyself shalt go; that is, thou shalt go, and no other. It is sometimes used, especially in the predicate, without thou, and in the nominative as well as in the objective case.
n.
A species of ichneumon (Herpestes nyula). Its fur is beautifully variegated by closely set zigzag markings. O () O, the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, derives its form, value, and name from the Greek O, through the Latin. The letter came into the Greek from the Ph/nician, which possibly derived it ultimately from the Egyptian. Etymologically, the letter o is most closely related to a, e, and u; as in E. bone, AS. ban; E. stone, AS. stan; E. broke, AS. brecan to break; E. bore, AS. beran to bear; E. dove, AS. d/fe; E. toft, tuft; tone, tune; number, F. nombre.
a.
Capable of producing seeds; ph/nogamic.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Thysanura.