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Negative mental attitude
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life
Pessimism
View that life and existence are of negative value
Philosophical pessimism is the view that life or existence has negative value. It is often stated as the claim that life is not worth living, or that
Philosophical_pessimism
Topics referred to by the same term
Afro-pessimism or Afropessimism may refer to: Afro-pessimism (Africa), a narrative about political and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa in the
Afro-pessimism
Theoretical framework that connects Blackness and social death
Afro-pessimism is a critical framework that describes the ongoing effects of racism, colonialism, and historical processes of enslavement, including the
Afro-pessimism (United States)
Afro-pessimism_(United_States)
Cognitive strategy for preparation
Defensive pessimism is a cognitive strategy in which an individual sets a low expectation for their performance, regardless of how well they have done
Defensive_pessimism
Perspective in African studies
In African studies, Afro-pessimism refers to a view popularised in the late 1980s and early 1990s which expressed doubt about the possibility of sustainable
Afro-pessimism_(Africa)
Term for being thrilled from pessimistic behavior
Pessimism porn is a neologism used to describe the alleged eschatological and survivalist thrill some people derive from pessimistic behavior, specifically
Pessimism_porn
Conviction that culture is in decline
Cultural pessimism arises with the conviction that the culture of a nation, a civilization, or humanity itself is in a process of irreversible decline
Cultural_pessimism
History of a philosophical school
Philosophical pessimism is a philosophical school that is critical of existence, emphasizing the inherent suffering and futility of life. This perspective
History of philosophical pessimism
History_of_philosophical_pessimism
Ancient Mesopotamian dialogue
The Dialogue of Pessimism is an ancient Mesopotamian literary composition in the form of a dialogue between a master and his slave. Its interpretations
Dialogue_of_Pessimism
Positive mental attitude
and hopeful outcomes. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point: an optimist is said
Optimism
Late 19th-century European cultural phenomenon
recognized as prominent in the 1880s and 1890s, including ennui, cynicism, pessimism, and "a widespread belief that civilization leads to decadence." The term
Fin_de_siècle
This is bibliography of philosophical pessimism — a philosophical tradition which argues that life is not worth living and that non-existence is preferable
Bibliography of philosophical pessimism
Bibliography_of_philosophical_pessimism
Common expression regarding optimism or pessimism
variant regarding a car's gas tank occurs in print with the optimism/pessimism connotations as early as 1929, and the glass-with-water version is mentioned
Is the glass half empty or half full?
Is_the_glass_half_empty_or_half_full?
literature that have expressed themes closely related to philosophical pessimism. Thacker, Eugene (2018). Infinite Resignation. Repeater. ISBN 978-1912248193
List of pessimistic literature
List_of_pessimistic_literature
2009 book by John Derbyshire
We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism is a 2009 non-fiction book by British-American writer John Derbyshire. He draws upon classical conservatism
We_Are_Doomed
1759 satirical novella by Voltaire
sympathetically, and that his character holds Voltaire's ideal philosophy—pessimism. Others disagree, citing Voltaire's negative descriptions of Martin's
Candide
Type of cognitive bias
exhibit pessimism bias. Surveys of smokers have found that their ratings of their risk of heart disease showed a small but significant pessimism bias; the
Optimism_bias
Romanian philosopher, aphorist and essayist (1911–1995)
Romanian and French. His work has been noted for its pervasive philosophical pessimism, style, and aphorisms. His works frequently engaged with issues of suffering
Emil_Cioran
Swiss-American philosopher (1839–1895)
that contributed to the pessimism controversy in Germany. Her book Der Pessimismus in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart ("Pessimism in the Past and Present")
Olga_Plümacher
Indian independence activist (1869–1948)
(2010) See also Agnotology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy
Mahatma_Gandhi
Topics referred to by the same term
Negativism may refer to: Pessimism A trait of catatonic stupor Antipositivism Negative (disambiguation) Negativity (disambiguation) This disambiguation
Negativism
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Philosophy_of_language
2010 book by Thomas Ligotti
with Conspiracy Ligotti offers a series of essays on his philosophical pessimism, nihilist and antinatalist views. Among other sources, Ligotti cites Peter
The Conspiracy Against the Human Race
The_Conspiracy_Against_the_Human_Race
General dislike of humanity
Misanthropy is closely related to but not identical to philosophical pessimism. Some misanthropes promote antinatalism, the view that humans should abstain
Misanthropy
Season of television series
Detective season one has been read as work that examines philosophical pessimism, Christianity, and masculinity. Further discourse addresses the story's
True_Detective_season_1
Motivational theory
maintenance of self-worth, are called self-handicapping and defensive pessimism respectively. The strategy of self-handicapping allows an individual to
Self-worth theory of motivation
Self-worth_theory_of_motivation
American author
nihilism, pessimism, and to contemporary philosophies of speculative realism and collapsology. His short book Cosmic Pessimism defines pessimism as "the
Eugene_Thacker
Study of general and fundamental questions
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Philosophy
German philosopher and poet (1841–1876)
Salvation) — according to Theodor Lessing, "perhaps the most radical system of pessimism known to philosophical literature" — Mainländer proclaims that life is
Philipp_Mainländer
American philosopher
this way, his work on ethics draws from the tradition of philosophical pessimism to suggest that the good can only ever be conceived relatively, in relation
Drew_Dalton
Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964
(2010) See also Agnotology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy
Jawaharlal_Nehru
Japanese anime television series
after Bravern arrives. He later dies during the battle against Vanitas, Pessimism, and Knuth, but is reborn as Bravern after his ghost merges with his Titanostrider
Brave_Bang_Bravern!
Book by Gordon G. Chang
2011. Dexter Roberts of Bloomberg Businessweek described the book as "Pessimism on a grand scale." In 2002, Julia Lovell of The Observer stated that although
The_Coming_Collapse_of_China
Attitude characterised by distrust
authorities, and other aspects of society. Cynicism is often confused with pessimism or nihilism, perhaps due to their shared association with a lack of faith
Cynicism_(contemporary)
German philosopher (1788–1860)
work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism. Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his lifetime
Arthur_Schopenhauer
1872 book by Friedrich Nietzsche
Nietzsche. It was reissued in 1886 as The Birth of Tragedy, Or: Hellenism and Pessimism (German: Die Geburt der Tragödie, Oder: Griechentum und Pessimismus).
The_Birth_of_Tragedy
1869 novel by Gustave Flaubert
Agnosticism Atheism Determinism Fallibilism Nominalism Noneism Philosophical pessimism Philosophical presentism Postmodernism Reductionism Skepticism Solipsism
Sentimental_Education
– Perfectionism – Peripatetic school – Personalism – Perspectivism – Pessimism – Phenomenalism – Phenomenology – Philosophes – Philosophical anthropology
List_of_philosophies
Sortable list of philosophers of pessimism
Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860–1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-876871-5. OCLC 929590292. Sully, James (1877). Pessimism: A
List of philosophical pessimists
List_of_philosophical_pessimists
United States Army general (1820–1891)
transferred to the Western Theater. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be
William_Tecumseh_Sherman
Philosophical study of morality
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Ethics
Idea in metaphysical thinking
optimism. For James, meliorism stands in the middle between optimism and pessimism and treats the salvation of the world as a probability rather than a certainty
Meliorism
Philosophical study of knowledge
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Epistemology
Chancellor of Germany since 2025
countries Austria Switzerland Criticism of multiculturalism Cultural pessimism Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present) Freischwebende Intelligenz
Friedrich_Merz
Worldwide economic depression (1929–1939)
bankruptcies A fall in profits A reduction in output, in trade and in employment Pessimism and loss of confidence Hoarding of money A fall in nominal interest rates
Great_Depression
Polish and French filmmaker (born 1933)
"boundless, untroubled sea of expectations and optimism" to one of "ingrained pessimism... eternal dissatisfaction with life". Polanski was left with a negative
Roman_Polanski
British musical scene
foregrounded, but there's an unmistakable feeling of shame, disappointment and pessimism about Britain's future permeating all of this music". Nonetheless, Black
Windmill_scene
German philosopher (1830–1881)
the end of his life, Bahnsen wrote an article on pessimism, attempting to distinguish his own pessimism from that of his contemporaries. According to this
Julius_Bahnsen
Political and socioeconomic ideology
closed societies, leading to xenophobia, racism, prejudice, cynicism and pessimism; women only being emancipated in the workforce; the oppression of national
Communism
State of being real
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Existence
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
associated with certain disillusioned attitudes toward the world, like pessimism, absurdism, existentialism, cynicism, and apathy. Although there is some
Nihilism
Philosophical category of inexpressible reality
the transference. Marriott, David S. (2021). Lacan Noir: Lacan and Afro-pessimism. The Palgrave Lacan Series. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 18, 47, 71. doi:10
The_Real
1908 novel by G. K. Chesterton
The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare is a 1908 novel by G. K. Chesterton. The book has been described as a metaphysical thriller. Chesterton prefixed
The_Man_Who_Was_Thursday
2021 studio album by At the Gates
developed by artist Eva Nahon. The overall theme addresses philosophical pessimism, according to vocalist Tomas Lindberg. The Nightmare of Being received
The_Nightmare_of_Being
2024 television sitcom series
Lynette (July 13, 2024). "'George & Mandy's First Marriage': There is Both Pessimism & Hope Behind That Title, Says Chuck Lorre". Deadline Hollywood. Archived
Georgie & Mandy's First Marriage
Georgie_&_Mandy's_First_Marriage
Cohort born from 1981 to 1996
life (61%), preferring being single (41%), being too busy (29%), and pessimism about their chances of success (24%). While most Americans found their
Millennials
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
(2010) See also Agnotology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy
Karl_Marx
Study of fundamental reality
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Metaphysics
2006 book by David Benatar
unless someone is deprived of it; and an argument from philosophical pessimism, which asserts that due to cognitive biases, human beings systematically
Better_Never_to_Have_Been
Specialty in philosophy, focused on German language origin
Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860–1900, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 40). Beiser, Frederick C., Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German
German_philosophy
Period of reduced funding and interest in AI research
similar to a "nuclear winter", that would begin with pessimism in the AI community, followed by pessimism in the press, followed by a severe cutback in funding
AI_winter
Philosophical and literary concepts
found in classical Athenian tragedy an art form that transcended the pessimism found in the so-called wisdom of Silenus. The Greek spectators, by looking
Apollonian_and_Dionysian
Religious and philosophical tradition
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Taoism
Acceptance of defeat without a struggle
without struggle, often with negative connotations. It can be linked to pessimism in psychology, and may sometimes be used synonymously with fatalism or
Defeatism
2005 film directed by Ridley Scott
cinema." Geoffrey O'Brien describes, "The film's underlying antiheroic pessimism fits oddly with a style that aspires to the heroic." John Aberth said
Kingdom_of_Heaven_(film)
1932 book by Carl Schmitt
the declared anthropological pessimism of "realistic" Catholic theology. Schmitt considers the anti-perfectibilist pessimism of Traditional Catholic theology
The_Concept_of_the_Political
Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021
countries Austria Switzerland Criticism of multiculturalism Cultural pessimism Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present) Freischwebende Intelligenz
Angela_Merkel
Cohort born from 1997 to 2012
Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) were most prone to pessimism, a consequence of their deteriorating mental health and economic hardship
Generation_Z
Philosophy dealing with absurdity of existence
Meaning-making – Process of understanding changes in life Philosophical pessimism – View that life and existence are of negative value Self-reflection –
Existentialism
German word for deep sadness about the state of the world
du siècle Mean world syndrome Melancholia Mono no aware Philosophical pessimism Nihilism Pathos Saudade Sehnsucht Social alienation Solastalgia Sturm
Weltschmerz
German-American philosopher and lecturer (1839–1881)
has been identified by Carol M. Bensick as a contributor to the German pessimism controversy. Amalie Louise John was born in 1839 in Mühlhausen, Saxony
Amalie_J._Hathaway
1971 film by Roman Polanski
their relative youth as actors. Themes of historic recurrence, greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to
Macbeth_(1971_film)
Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)
Thanatos, the forces of life and death. Later works indicate Freud's pessimism about the future of civilization, which he noted in the 1931 edition of
Sigmund_Freud
German and American historian and philosopher (1906–1975)
(2010) See also Agnotology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy
Hannah_Arendt
Aspect of United Kingdom history, 1918–1939
and brought in a more egalitarian society. He sees the famous literary pessimism of the 1920s as misplaced, arguing there were major positive long-term
Interwar_Britain
Ukrainian philosopher
Various authors have engaged with Reshe's work in their discussions of pessimism and pessimistic traditions, of negativity and feminist critique, and in
Julie_Reshe
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Reading 10 May 2007 Victorian Pessimism Dinah Birch, Professor of English at the University of Liverpool Rosemary
List of In Our Time programmes
List_of_In_Our_Time_programmes
Freudian Psychosexual development
2018. Retrieved 22 May 2016. Lewis, Christopher Alan (March 1993). "Oral Pessimism and Depressive Symptoms". The Journal of Psychology. 127 (3): 335–343
Oral_stage
Basic distinction in philosophy
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
Ancient philosophy
Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pessimism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract
Stoicism
2007 film by Ethan and Joel Coen
Blood Simple and Fargo. The three films share common themes, such as pessimism and nihilism. The novel's motifs of chance, free-will, and predestination
No_Country_for_Old_Men
Theory that life has no inherent meaning
Search for Meaning Meaning (existential) Meaning of life Philosophical pessimism Veit, W. (2018). Existential Nihilism: The Only Really Serious Philosophical
Existential_nihilism
Perceiving the world to be more dangerous than it really is
exposed to violence-related content can experience increased fear, anxiety, pessimism, and a heightened state of alert in response to perceived threats. Through
Mean_world_syndrome
British anthology television series
obvious morals in its stories, and excessively focused on paranoia and pessimism. Norman Wilner of Now described the first three series are "rigidly formulaic"
Black_Mirror
Hungarian and American investor and philanthropist (born 1930)
markets' moods—a "mood" of the markets being a prevailing bias or optimism/pessimism with which the markets look at reality—"actually can reinforce themselves
George_Soros
German philosopher (1844–1877)
Taubert, was a German philosopher associated with post-Schopenhauerian pessimism. Born in Stralsund and later based in Berlin, she married the philosopher
Agnes_Taubert
Danish theologian and philosopher (1813–1855)
(2010) See also Agnotology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy
Søren_Kierkegaard
Philosophy in recent times
futile endless interplay of images and desires, and advocated atheism and pessimism. Schopenhauer's ideas were taken up and transformed by Nietzsche, who
Modern_philosophy
Essay by Norwegian philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe
using Zapffe's work as an example of philosophical pessimism. Antinatalism Nihilism Philosophical pessimism Zapffe, Peter Wessel (March–April 2004). "The Last
The_Last_Messiah
American author (1922–2007)
Scholars who position Vonnegut as a critic of liberalism reference his pessimism toward technological progress. Vonnegut described Player Piano some years
Kurt_Vonnegut
Fictional character in a poem by Camões
The Old Man of Restelo is interpreted in different ways as a symbol of pessimism, or as representing those who did not believe in the likely success of
The_Old_Man_of_Restelo
American playwright (1888–1953)
Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism. O'Neill was born on October 16, 1888, in a hotel, the Barrett House,
Eugene_O'Neill
Culture of mocking embarrassing content
Cultural intelligence Cultural liberalism Cultural nationalism Cultural pessimism Cultural policy Cultural racism Cultural radicalism Cultural retention
Cringe_culture
German philosopher (1724–1804)
(2010) See also Agnotology Critical theory Cultural criticism Cultural pessimism Ethics Historism Historicism Humanities Philosophy of culture Philosophy
Immanuel_Kant
Finnish philosopher (1916–2003)
work on Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy, and his work on moral pessimism, especially regarding the Myth of Progress. Georg Henrik von Wright was
Georg_Henrik_von_Wright
Romanian mathematician, statistician and economist (1906–1994)
collapse, ultimately bringing about human extinction. Due to the radical pessimism inherent to his work, based on the physical concept of entropy, the theoretical
Nicholas_Georgescu-Roegen
American politician (born 1950)
While insisting that his outlook stems from "nervousness rather than pessimism", Schumer also pointed to the enduring strength of American values, saying
Chuck_Schumer
Political party in Germany
countries Austria Switzerland Criticism of multiculturalism Cultural pessimism Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present) Freischwebende Intelligenz
Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance
1815 battle of the Waterloo campaign
the morning of the battle of Waterloo may have been responding to the pessimism and objections of his chief of staff and senior generals. Later on, being
Battle_of_Waterloo
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, WILLIS means "son of Will."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Hands Full of Gold; Prosperity
Male
Egyptian
, the name of an Egyptian mummy in the Leyden Museum.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Pilgrim
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Truly Colourful and Musical
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, German
Awesome
Girl/Female
German
Stranger.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu
The Sun; Friend
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Saraswati
Girl/Female
Arabic
Faithful; Sense of Smell
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
PESSIMISM
n.
A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.
v. i.
To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.
n.
The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism.
n.
A disposition to take the most hopeful view; -- opposed to pessimism.
n.
One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to optimist.
a.
Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding.