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Type of decentralized and distributed network architecture
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed computing or networking architecture in which participants share part of their own resources
Peer-to-peer
Topics referred to by the same term
Peer or peer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer or peeress may refer to: Peer, an equal in age, education or social class; see Peer group Peer,
Peer
Electronic money transfer
Peer-to-peer transactions (also referred to as person-to-person transactions, P2P transactions, or P2P payments) are electronic money transfers made from
Peer-to-peer_transaction
Practice of lending money
Peer-to-peer lending, also abbreviated as P2P lending, is the practice of lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match
Peer-to-peer_lending
G. U.O payment banking
banking model (simplified) LendingClub Peer-to-peer Social peer-to-peer processes Peer-to-peer lending "Peer-to-peer lending is surging in the US, and it
Peer-to-peer_banking
Evaluation by peers with similar expertise
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of
Peer_review
Protocol for distributed hash table
In computing, Chord is a protocol and algorithm for a peer-to-peer distributed hash table. A distributed hash table stores key-value pairs by assigning
Chord_(peer-to-peer)
1867 five-act play in verse by Henrik Ibsen
‹ The template Infobox play is being considered for merging. › Peer Gynt (/pɪər ˈɡɪnt/ peer GHINT, Norwegian: [peːr ˈjʏnt, - ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in
Peer_Gynt
Appointed member of the peerage of the United Kingdom whose title cannot be inherited
Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by
Life_peer
Voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks
In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between
Peering
Topics referred to by the same term
workloads between peers. Peer-to-peer may also refer to: Peer-to-peer banking Peer-to-peer carsharing Peer-to-peer lending Peer-to-peer economy, another
Peer-to-peer_(disambiguation)
Private car owners sharing or renting their vehicles temporarily to others
Peer-to-peer carsharing (also known as peer-to-peer car rental or person-to-person carsharing) is the process whereby vehicle owners make their personal
Peer-to-peer_carsharing
Data distribution using P2P networking technology
Peer-to-peer file sharing is the distribution and sharing of digital media using peer-to-peer (P2P) networking technology. P2P file sharing allows users
Peer-to-peer_file_sharing
United Kingdom aristocrats
The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of October 2025[update], there were 799 hereditary peers: 29 dukes (including
Hereditary_peer
Influencing peers to conform
Peer pressure is a direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of social groups with similar interests and experiences, or social statuses. Members
Peer_pressure
Form of mentorship based on experience
Peer mentoring is a form of mentorship that usually takes place between a person who has lived through a specific experience (peer mentor) and a person
Peer_mentoring
Type of insurance contract
Peer-to-peer insurance is a reciprocity insurance contract through the Collaborative consumption concept. The aims of peer-to-peer insurance are to save
Peer-to-peer_insurance
Investing practice
Peer-to-peer investing (P2PI) is the practice of investing money in notes issued by borrowers who are requesting a loan without going through a traditional
Peer-to-peer_investing
Help between peers
Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional, social or practical help to each other. It commonly refers to an initiative consisting
Peer_support
Peer assessment, or self-assessment, is a process whereby students or their peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks. The practice
Peer_assessment
Protocol for transferring short messages
Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP) in the telecommunications industry is an open, industry standard protocol designed to provide a flexible data communication
Short_Message_Peer-to-Peer
Subjecting an author's work or research to scrutiny
Scholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a draft version of a researcher's methods and findings
Scholarly_peer_review
Incidental music by Edvard Grieg to Ibsen's play
Peer Gynt, Op. 23, is the incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play Peer Gynt, written by the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg in 1875. It premiered
Peer_Gynt_(Grieg)
Distributed VoIP implementation
Peer-to-peer SIP (P2P-SIP) is an implementation of a distributed voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or instant messaging communications application using
Peer-to-peer_SIP
Ranks of nobility in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707
Peerages of England and Scotland were closed to new creations, and new peers were created in a single Peerage of Great Britain. There are five peerages
Peerage_of_England
hereditary peers consisted of: 2 peers elected by the Labour hereditary peers 42 peers elected by the Conservative hereditary peers 3 peers elected by
List of excepted hereditary peers
List_of_excepted_hereditary_peers
Online peer-to-peer file sharing software
Napster was an American proprietary peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing application primarily associated with digital audio file distribution. Founded by Shawn
Napster
Way of producing goods and services
Peer production (also known as mass collaboration[citation needed]) is a way of producing goods and services that relies on self-organizing communities
Peer_production
Health information sharing
Peer education is an approach to health promotion, in which community members are supported to promote health-enhancing change among their peers. Peer
Peer_education
Peer-reviewed scholarly periodical
than staff writers employed by the journal. They nearly universally require peer review for research articles or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent
Academic_journal
Primary group of people with similar interests, age, background, or social status
In sociology, a peer group is both a social group and a primary group of people who have similar interests (homophily), age, background, or social status
Peer_group
Dutch footballer (born 2000)
Peer Koopmeiners (born 4 May 2000) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Eredivisie club AZ. On 17 October 2020, Koopmeiners
Peer_Koopmeiners
Noble titles in the United Kingdom
latter case but not the former). British peerage title holders are termed peers of the Realm. "Lord" is used as a generic term to denote members of the
Peerages in the United Kingdom
Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom
Educational practice of interaction among students
visible approaches to peer learning comes out of cognitive psychology, and is applied within a "mainstream" educational framework: "Peer learning is an educational
Peer_learning
Initiative to assist patent offices
The Peer To Patent project is an initiative that seeks to assist patent offices in improving patent quality by gathering public input in a structured,
Peer-to-Patent
2004 novel by Umera Ahmad
Pir-e-Kamil or Peer-e-Kamil (Urdu: پیر کامل صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم; meaning "The Perfect Mentor") is a novel written by Pakistani writer Umera Ahmad
Pir-e-Kamil
Evaluation process by health care professionals
Clinical peer review, also known as medical peer review is the process by which health care professionals, including those in nursing and pharmacy, evaluate
Clinical_peer_review
Group of hereditary titles
one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scotland before 1707. Following that year's Treaty
Peerage_of_Scotland
Kashmiri-American journalist, commentator and author
Basharat Peer (born 1977) is an Indian journalist, script writer, and author. Peer spent his early youth in the Kashmir Valley before shifting to Aligarh
Basharat_Peer
The Peer Gynt Prize or the Peer Gynt Award (Årets Peer Gynt or Per Gynt-prisen) is a private Norwegian prize presented annually by the private commercial
Peer_Gynt_Prize
Five Sufi saints mentioned in the classic book 'Heer Ranjha' by Waris Shah
Panj peer (or panj pīr), meaning the five saints in Persian, were Islamic saints who overlapped in late 12th and early 13th centuries in northwestern India
Panj_peer
Village in Punjab, India
Peer Mohammad is a village in the Firozpur district of Punjab, India. It is located in the Zira tehsil. According to the 2011 census of India, Peer Mohammad
Peer_Mohammad
Member of the highest aristocratic social order outside the ruling dynasty
A peer of the realm is a member of the highest aristocratic social order outside the ruling dynasty of the kingdom. Notable examples are: a member of the
Peer_of_the_realm
German actor
Peer Eugen Georg Schmidt (11 March 1926; Erfurt, Weimar Germany – 8 May 2010; Berlin) was a German actor who specialized in films, television and dubbing
Peer_Schmidt
Peer contagion refers to the "mutual influence that occurs between an individual and a peer", and "includes behaviors and emotions that potentially undermine
Peer_contagion
Topics referred to by the same term
The Chamber of Peers or House of Peers refers to the legislative upper house in several countries with a peerage: Chamber of Peers (France) from 1814
Chamber_of_Peers
BitTorrent website
material with the help of magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing. It also operates multiple Telegram channels and groups
TamilRockers
Practice where feedback is given by one student to another student
Peer feedback is a practice where feedback is given by one student to another. Peer feedback provides students opportunities to learn from each other
Peer_feedback
Peer critique, a specialized form of critique, is the common practice of professional peers, especially writers, reviewing and providing constructive
Peer_critique
Type of website edited collaboratively
standards in medicine and health sciences articles, in which users typically use peer-reviewed journals or university textbooks as sources, have led to the idea
Wiki
Upper house of the UK Parliament
Lords is not acquired by election. Most members are appointed for life as peers, on either a political or non-political basis. The House of Lords also includes
House_of_Lords
Bishops who sit in the House of Lords
failure to be tried as temporal peers in the House of Lords, it remained unclear whether the Lords Spiritual were indeed peers. In 1688, the issue arose during
Lords_Spiritual
Teaching method
Peer instruction is a teaching method popularized by Harvard Professor Eric Mazur in the early 1990s. Originally used in introductory undergraduate physics
Peer_instruction
Decentralised video hosting network
PeerTube is a free and open-source, decentralized, ActivityPub federated video platform. It can use peer-to-peer technology to reduce load on individual
PeerTube
Peer review scheme in which reviews are public
Open peer review is the various possible modifications of the traditional scholarly peer review process. The three most common modifications to which
Open_peer_review
Peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
BitTorrent is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P), which enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet
BitTorrent
Website providing torrent files and magnet links
Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay facilitates the connection among users of the peer-to-peer torrent protocol, which are able to contribute to the site through the
The_Pirate_Bay
Supporter with first hand experience
A peer support specialist is a person with "lived experience" who has been trained to support those who struggle with mental health, psychological trauma
Peer_support_specialist
Topics referred to by the same term
Peer Gynt is a play by Henrik Ibsen named for its main character, based on the fairy tale Peer Gynt. Peer Gynt may also refer to: Peer Gynt (Grieg), incidental
Peer_Gynt_(disambiguation)
German composer, director and actor (1940–2007)
Peer Raben (born Wilhelm Rabenbauer; 3 July 1940 – 21 January 2007) was a German composer who worked with German filmmaker Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Raben
Peer_Raben
Decentralized website hosting using peer networks
Peer-to-peer web hosting is using peer-to-peer networking to distribute access to webpages. This is differentiated from the client–server model which involves
Peer-to-peer_web_hosting
Independent or minor party member of a legislature
the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to
Crossbencher
Economic and social systems that enable shared access to assets
collaborative economy, community-based economy, gig economy, peer economy, peer-to-peer (P2P) economy, platform economy, renting economy and on-demand
Sharing_economy
Secular members of the House of Lords
Peers) Act 2026, they consisted of both life peers and hereditary peers, but now is solely composed of the former after the right of hereditary peers
Lords_Temporal
CEO of Pakistani software company Systems Ltd
Asif Peer is the CEO and managing director of Pakistani software company Systems Ltd since 1 January 2013. Peer completed his bachelor's degree majored
Asif_Peer
Education practice
Peer-mediated instruction (PMI) is an approach in special education where peers of the target students are trained to provide necessary tutoring in educational
Peer-mediated_instruction
File-sharing website
that provides a directory of torrent files and magnet links used for peer-to-peer file sharing through the BitTorrent protocol. It is primarily used to
1337x
Finnish rock band
Peer Günt are a Finnish hard rock band from Kouvola, formed in 1976, and named after the 1867 play Peer Gynt, by Henrik Ibsen. They primarily sing in
Peer_Günt
American mobile payment service developed by Block, Inc.
September 7 and 8, 2023, Cash App experienced a service outage, affecting peer-to-peer payments and cash card purchases for thousands of users. Block stated
Cash_App
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up peer review in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers
Peer_review_(disambiguation)
American tightrope walker (1840–1887)
Stephen Peer (1840-1887) was a tightrope walker who, though he completed the feat successfully many times, fell to his death while walking a tightrope
Stephen_Peer
File transfer protocol
The Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol for distributing files from a central server across a peer-to-peer network
Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol
Peer_Distributed_Transfer_Protocol
2013 article by John Bohannon
"Who's Afraid of Peer Review?" is an article written by Science correspondent John Bohannon that describes his investigation of peer review among fee-charging
Who's_Afraid_of_Peer_Review?
Sufi master or spiritual guide
Pir (Persian: پیر, romanized: pīr, lit. 'elder') or Peer is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة
Pir_(Sufism)
German bioinformatician (1963–2026)
Peer Bork (4 May 1963 – 16 January 2026) was a German bioinformatician. He was Interim Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
Peer_Bork
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Peers or peers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peers may refer to: Donald Peers (1908–1973), Welsh singer Edgar Allison Peers (1891–1952)
Peers
UK law removing hereditary peerage from the House of Lords
The House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026 (c. 12), sometimes referred to during passage as the Hereditary Peers Bill, is an act of the Parliament
House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026
House_of_Lords_(Hereditary_Peers)_Act_2026
BitTorrent communications protocol
Peer exchange, or PEX, is a communications protocol that augments the BitTorrent file sharing protocol. It allows a group of users (or peers) that are
Peer_exchange
Private network of connections between trusted peers
darknet types are social networks (usually used for file hosting with a peer-to-peer connection), and anonymity proxy networks such as Tor via an anonymized
Darknet
City and municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium
Peer (Dutch pronunciation: [peːr] ) is a municipality and city located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium. On January 1, 2006, Peer had
Peer,_Belgium
Peers in the British House of Lords
In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the
Representative_peer
Pedophile peer-support forums (or pedophile support forums) are internet message boards and virtual communities that offer peer-support to people who
Pedophile_peer-support_forums
American talent scout and recording engineer (1892–1960)
Ralph Sylvester Peer (May 22, 1892 – January 19, 1960) was an American talent scout, recording engineer, record producer and music publisher in the 1920s
Ralph_Peer
Method of producing value
Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler. It describes a model of socio-economic production
Commons-based_peer_production
Danish canoeist
Peer Nielsen (sometimes shown as Peer Norrbohm, born 25 June 1942) is a Danish sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1960s. He won the bronze medal
Peer_Nielsen
File-sharing server
server that assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol. In peer-to-peer file sharing, a software client on an end-user PC
BitTorrent_tracker
Norwegian architect (1911–1977)
Peer Hafslo Qvam (24 December 1911 – 27 July 1977) was a Norwegian architect. He was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. He was a son of chemical
Peer_Qvam
Peer-to-peer movies release group
YIFY Torrents or YTS is a peer-to-peer release group known for distributing large numbers of movies as free downloads through BitTorrent. YIFY releases
YIFY
Basic service of IP Multimedia Subsystem
Peer-to-peer video sharing is a basic service on top of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Early proprietary implementations might also run a simple SIP
Peer-to-peer_video_sharing
Town in Punjab, India
Peer Muchalla is a town in Municipal Council Zirakpur in district Mohali in state of Punjab in India. It adjoins Sectors 20 and 21 of Panchkula. Proximity
Peer_Muchalla
Functional units in same network layer
networking, a peer group is a group of functional units in the same layer (see e.g. OSI model) of a network, by analogy with peer group. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking
Peer group (computer networking)
Peer_group_(computer_networking)
Titles of nobility in Ireland
and Ireland. Originally an element in the constitution of Ireland, with peers holding seats in the Irish House of Lords, it is now seen as one of the
Peerage_of_Ireland
German politician (born 1979)
Peer Lilienthal (born 4 April 1979 in Hannover) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony since 2017. He has served as
Peer_Lilienthal
technical peer review is a well defined review process for finding and correcting defects conducted by a team of peers with assigned roles. Technical peer reviews
Technical_peer_review
Indian saint
Naugaja Peer (Punjabi: ਨੌਂਗਜਾ ਪੀਰ) was a sufi saint revered in the Punjab region. His actually name is Syed Ibrahim Badshah or Syed Mohammad Ebrahim. He
Naugaja_Peer
British parliamentary designation
Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords are peers who do not belong to any parliamentary group in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. They
Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords
Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords
Danish judge
Judge Peer Lorenzen is a section president of the European Court of Human Rights. He was born in Denmark in 1944, and studied at Aarhus University. From
Peer_Lorenzen
Leta Peer (17 April 1964 – 13 February 2012) was a Swiss painter and fine art photographer. From 1984 to 1987, Peer studied painting at the School of Design
Leta_Peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing network
Soulseek is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing network and application. It is known mostly for the exchange of music. The current Soulseek network, hosted
Soulseek
British multinational neobank
over 25 fiat currencies, stock trading, cryptocurrency exchange and peer-to-peer payments. For companies, the Revolut Business platform provides multi-currency
Revolut
PEER
PEER
Boy/Male
Muslim
Single, Exclusively, Unequalled, Unique, One of its kind, Peerless
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Pearce.North German : patronymic from Peer.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Celebrity, Gujarati, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Pashtun, Traditional
Beautiful; Peerless; Unique; Sole; Single; One
Boy/Male
German Scandinavian Muslim
A rock. Form of Peter.
Boy/Male
Indian
Single, Exclusively, Unequalled, Unique, One of its kind, Peerless
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English pe(e)re ‘pear’ (Old English pere, peru, from Latin pirum), a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of pears, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a pear tree or pear orchard.English : nickname from Middle English pere ‘peer’, ‘companion’ (Old French pe(e)r, from Latin par ‘equal’).Jewish : Americanization of some like-sounding Ashkenazic surname; e.g. possibly a shortened form of a surname such as Pearl, Pearlman, or Pearlstein.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Single, Exclusively, Unequalled, Unique, One of its kind, Peerless
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Perkin, also found throughout mid and south Wales.Dutch : patronymic from a pet form of Peer, a Dutch form of Peter.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Pear.Dutch and North German : from a reduced form of the personal name Peter.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sole, Peerless
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Danish, French, Kashmiri, Muslim, Pashtun, Sindhi
Singular; Unique; Alone; Exclusively; Unequalled; Exceptional; Peerless
Girl/Female
English, Indian
Beautiful; Peerless; Moment in Time
Boy/Male
Muslim
Single, Exclusively, Unequalled, Unique, One of its kind, Peerless
Girl/Female
Muslim
Incomparable, Matchless, Peerless
Surname or Lastname
English (London)
English (London) : patronymic from the personal name Piers (see Pierce).North German : patronymic from the personal name Pier, a variant of Peer, reduced form of Peter.Born in Yorkshire, England, Abraham Pierson (1609–78) was the first pastor of the settlements at Southampton, Long Island, NY; Branford, CT, and Newark, NJ. He left his library of more than 400 books, one of the most extensive in the colonies, to his son Abraham, who was one of the first trustees of Yale College.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
One; Unique; Peerless
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Piers, PEERS means "rock, stone."
Boy/Male
Indian
Single, Exclusively, Unequalled, Unique, One of its kind, Peerless
Boy/Male
Indian
Single, Exclusively, Unequalled, Unique, One of its kind, Peerless
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Peerless
PEER
PEER
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Desire
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Like a Bird; Variant of Byrd
Girl/Female
Spanish
Boy/Male
Indian
A Mufti of baghdad, Ibn ahma
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compulsion Name of a Companion; Variant of Jabr
Male
German
Variant form of German Bruno, BRUNS means "brown."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hurst.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name or nickname from Polish herszt ‘ringleader’, ‘chieftain’.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Daughter
Male
French
 Old French unisex name GARLAND means "garland, wreath." Compare with another form of Garland.
PEER
PEER
PEER
PEER
PEER
v. t.
To peer under.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Peer
n.
A verse containing eight feet; as, --//Deep# in|to# the | dark#ness | peer#ing, | long# I | stood# there | wond'#ring, | fear#ing.
n.
A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of the realm.
n.
The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.
n.
Peerage; also, a lordship.
a.
Alt. of Peery
v. i.
To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering day.
a.
Having no peer; unequaled; unparalleled.
n.
The rank or dignity of a peer.
n.
The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.
a.
Having no equal; peerless.
a.
Having no rival; without a competitor; peerless.
imp. & p. p.
of Peer
a.
Incapable of having a peer, or equal.
a.
Not equal; not matched; not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, strength, talents, acquirements, age, station, or the like; as, the fingers are of unequal length; peers and commoners are unequal in rank.
a.
Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative.
a.
A nobleman of the fourth rank, next in order below an earl and next above a baron; also, his degree or title of nobility. See Peer, n., 3.
n.
Any species of permanent property that may be held, so as to create a tenancy, as lands, houses, rents, commons, an office, an advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, and the like; -- called also free / frank tenements.
a.
Having no paragon or equal; matchless; peerless.