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Old Kawi literary classic
The Pararaton (Book of Kings), also known as the Katuturanira Ken Angrok (Story of Ken Angrok), is a 16th-century Javanese historical chronicle written
Pararaton
Sociopolitical term for Maritime Southeast Asia
taken from an oath by Gajah Mada in 1336, as written in the Old Javanese Pararaton. Gajah Mada was a powerful military leader and prime minister of Majapahit
Nusantara_(term)
Second king of Singhasari in east Java (r. 1222–1248)
assassinated Ken Arok in 1227, avenging his father's death. The semi-mythical Pararaton, a Javanese historical chronicle, states that Tunggul Ametung, the ruler
Anusapati
Javanese Hindu emperor (1334–1389)
were taken from the Nagarakretagama, a eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, and the Pararaton ("Book of Kings"), a Javanese historical chronicle. According to the Nagarakretagama
Hayam_Wuruk
Javanese empire from 1292 to 1527
tree or fruit species found in that region. The 16th-century chronicle Pararaton records a legend linked to the establishment of a new settlement in the
Majapahit
14th-century political leader of the Majapahit Empire
career, and administration are taken from several sources, mainly the Pararaton ("The Book of Kings"), the Nagarakretagama (a Javanese-language eulogy)
Gajah_Mada
13th-century Javanese emperor, the founder and the first monarch of Majapahit empire
several records, including Pararaton and Negarakertagama. There are several versions of his ancestry. According to Pararaton, Raden Wijaya was the son
Raden_Wijaya
Historic oath of Gajah Mada
14th-century Prime Minister of the Javanese Majapahit Empire described in the Pararaton (Book of Kings). In the oath, Gajah Mada swore that he would not rest
Palapa_oath
Civil war located in Majapahit Empire
Paregreg, but that term is based on a linguistic misunderstanding. In the Pararaton chronicle, in which the term for this war is found, events are labelled
Regreg_War
14th-century emperor of Majapahit
The story of his life was written in several records, including the Pararaton and Negarakertagama. His reign saw the beginning of Gajah Mada's rise
Jayanegara
Bhre Mataram
from 1389 to 1429. His ksatria name was Raden Gagak Sali as stated in Pararaton. He was the nephew and also the son-in-law of the previous monarch, King
Vikramavardhana
13th-century military campaign
east according to Pararaton. Nevertheless Kidung Panji Wijayakrama indicated there is a clash in the east too. According to Pararaton, Kebo Mundarang battled
Mongol_invasion_of_Java
Maharaja of Majapahit
wife was a Muslim's queen Dwarawati of the Champa Kingdom. In contrast, Pararaton mentioned that Dyah Kertawijaya's wife was the Princess of Daha, referred
Kertawijaya
Princess of Sunda Kingdom in Western Java (1340–1357)
United Sunda Kingdom and Galuh Kingdom in Western Java. According to the Pararaton or Book of Kings, she was supposed to marry Hayam Wuruk, the new young
Dyah_Pitaloka_Citraresmi
Ruler of Daha, c. 1486
Tatok. "Mengulik Isi Buku Pararaton, Ungkap Biografi Para Raja Singhasari-Majapahit - Blitar Terkini". Mengulik Isi Buku Pararaton, Ungkap Biografi Para Raja
Girindrawardhana
Battle occurred in 1357 at Bubat square
of Pasunda Bubat is mentioned in Carita Parahyangan (16th century) and Pararaton (15th century), but not found in the Nagarakretagama (14th century), while
Battle_of_Bubat
Malay Dharmasraya princess
alliance with Singhasari in order to face the Mongol invasion. According to Pararaton, ten days after the expulsion of Mongol forces from Java, the Pamalayu
Dara_Jingga
panji or pataka (a long flag on a curved bamboo pole) can be found in the Pararaton chronicle; according to this source, the Jayakatwang troops from Gelang-Gelang
Flag_of_Indonesia
Topics referred to by the same term
Books of Kings in the Bible Shahnameh, an 11th-century epic Persian poem Pararaton, the Javanese Book of Kings, a 16th-century Javanese history of southeast
Book_of_Kings
Folklore of the country of Indonesia
historical records such as babad or older kakawin scriptures such as Pararaton. Indian Hindu-Buddhist epics also influenced Indonesian folklore, especially
Folklore_of_Indonesia
1290s conflict in Java
Kertanagara, Ken Arok. Various Old Javanese records such as Nagarakretagama, Pararaton, Kidung Harsawijaya, and Kidung Panji Wijayakrama mention that Jayakatwang
Jayakatwang_rebellion
Saviour or liberator of a group of people
a great leader of Nusantara and to rule the world from Java. In Serat Pararaton, King Jayabaya of Kediri foretold that before the coming of Satrio Piningit
Messiah
King of Malayapura Suvarnabhumi (1294–1375)
or Java, within the sphere of Majapahit authority. Nevertheless, the Pararaton records that Adityawarman was born around 1294 in Trowulan, East Java
Adityawarman
Series of Indonesian communications satellites
Mada, the Prime Minister of Majapahit Kingdom, in 1334. According to the Pararaton (Book of Kings), Gajah Mada swore that he would not taste any palapa (historians
Palapa
Series of kingdoms in Bali, Indonesia
numbers of Majapahit manuscripts, such as Nagarakretagama, Sutasoma, Pararaton and Tantu Pagelaran, were being well-kept in royal libraries of Bali and
Bali_Kingdom
Javanese Kingdom (1222–1292)
spelling: Singosari) was mentioned in several Javanese manuscripts, including Pararaton. According to tradition, the name was given by Ken Arok during the foundation
Singhasari
Javanese third monarch of Majapahit empire
by Javanese whose beauty surpassed all of the nymphs. According to the Pararaton, King Jayanegara desired his half-sisters to be his consorts. The practice
Tribhuwana_Wijayatunggadewi
Position in Majapahit
during the reign of Jayanegara. The Dharmaputra was identified on the Pararaton, this positions was not apperared in any historical sources. Also in the
Dharmaputra_(official_title)
Javanese king
Retrieved November 11, 2025. Hardjowardojo, R. Pitono (1965). Serat Pararaton. Bharatara. p. 36. Retrieved November 11, 2025. Tim Redaksi Kompas.com
Wisnuwardhana
13th–15th-century dynasty in Java
Rājasa, who founded the dynasty in the early 13th century. According to Pararaton, Ranggah Rājasa was born in the town of Tumapel (present day Malang, East
Rajasa_dynasty
Queen Consort of Singhasari
perfect beauty. Most of the record of her life comes from the account of Pararaton (The Book of Kings), a mixed historical account including supernatural
Ken_Dedes
when the region was still under the Kediri kingdom. According to the Pararaton, he was killed by Ken Arok and cursed the kris, which later became known
Mpu_Gandring
Islands between Mainland Southeast Asia and Australia
under the authority of the King of Singhasari. The term resurfaced in the Pararaton, which records the Palapa oath sworn by Prime Minister Gajah Mada to expand
Malay_Archipelago
Topics referred to by the same term
epic Persian poem The Morgan Bible, a French medieval picture Bible The Pararaton, a 16th-century Javanese history of southeast Asia Kings Family Restaurants
Kings
Undead infant in southeast Asia folklore
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Toyol
Names of the country
oath by Gajah Mada in 1336, as written on an old Javanese manuscript Pararaton and Negarakertagama. Gajah Mada was a powerful military leader and prime
Names_of_Indonesia
Javanese ghost from folklore
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Pocong
Airline of Indonesia (1962–2014)
Indonesian for "dove", and Nusantara is a Javanese word found in the Pararaton ("the Book of Kings", probably written in the 16th century) meaning "the
Merpati_Nusantara_Airlines
Bhre Wirabhumi
Nagarakretagama, Canto 6, Stanza 3 However, according to the book of Pararaton, she was the daughter of the King's sister, Princess Isywari, also known
Nagarawardhani
Creator god in Hinduism
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Brahma
Austronesian ethnic group
which Eredia claims to have discovered The name Nusa antara occurs in the Pararaton, a Javanese historical work of about the 16th century. Blagden adopts
Javanese_people
Queen of the Majapahit Empire, 1429–1447
brothers died during the reign of Wikramawardhana. As he died in 1429, Pararaton reported that the empire was ruled by a queen regnant or prabhu stri.
Suhita
Mythological creature
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Kuntilanak
Indonesian sovereign wealth fund
perspective) as mentioned in the 14th century Old Javanese manuscript Pararaton and Nagarakretagama. Danantara was launched on 24 February 2025. From
Danantara
Folk religion of Javanese people
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Kejawèn
Indonesian poet, revolutionary, and politician (1903–1962)
Ken Arok dan Ken Dedes, which took its subjects from Java's history Pararaton, appeared in one of the 1934 issues of Poedjangga Baroe, the only literary
Mohammad_Yamin
Weapon from Maritime Southeast Asia
(Javanese chronicle). One of the most famous legends from Java comes from the Pararaton (Book of Kings). It describes a legendary bladesmith called Mpu Gandring
Kris
Creature from Indonesian folklore
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Orang_Pendek
Kingdom in Southeast Asia
kingdom sank into Lake Singkarak after the volcanic explosion. In the book Pararaton, Prabhava Sangkala is mentioned as the king of Samaskuta in AD 416. Iguchi
Samaskuta_kingdom
of Malayo-Javanese mixed blood. It was told in the Javanese chronicle Pararaton (Book of Kings) that Dara Jingga, one of the Malay princesses who was
Adwayawarman
1293 battle in Java
east according to Pararaton. Nevertheless Kidung Panji Wijayakrama indicated there is a clash in the east too. According to Pararaton, Kebo Mundarang battled
Battle_of_Daha
Old Javanese eulogy
Javanese culture Javanese historical texts Kakawin Kakawin Sutasoma Kejawèn Pararaton Stutterheim believes that an ardhanari sculpture, now located in Berlin
Nagarakretagama
Indonesian term for shaman
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Dukun
Indonesian island in Lesser Sunda Islands
during the Majapahit era (mentioned in the ancient Javanese manuscripts of Pararaton and Sumpah Palapa oath of Gajah Mada); the word itself was thought as
Sumba
Consort of Raden Wijaya
Sumatran kingdom was held as vassal of Singhasari in 1286. According to Pararaton, ten days after the expulsion of Mongol forces from Java, the Pamalayu
Dara_Petak
Indonesian traditional mythology
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Balinese_mythology
Kingdom in Sumatra
also mentioned in two Javanese records, the Nagarakretagama (1365) and Pararaton (c. 15th century). The Malay Annals mentioned Haru as one of a few influential
Aru_kingdom
Javanese kingdom, ca. 1042–1222
kingdom of Kediri collapsed during the reign of Kertajaya, and is told in Pararaton and Nagarakretagama. In 1222 Kertajaya was fighting against the brahmins
Kediri_kingdom
Indonesian folk ritual and game
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Jailangkung
1478 conflict in Java
spread more freely in Java. The conflict came to a head in 1478. The Pararaton states, ".... bhre Kertabhumi ..... bhre prabhu sang mokta ring kadaton
Demak–Majapahit_conflicts
1347–1833 monarchy in modern Sumatra, Indonesia
Dara Jingga, the daughter of the Dharmasraya Kingdom as mentioned in Pararaton. He had previously fought with Mahapatih Gajah Mada to conquer Bali and
Pagaruyung_kingdom
Province in Sumatra, Indonesia
on the Grahi inscription in Cambodia, and then the Negarakertagama and Pararaton recorded the existence of the Malay Kingdom which had its capital in Dharmasraya
West_Sumatra
original on 2020-09-14. Retrieved 2018-03-12. Brandes, J.L.A. (1896). Pararaton (Ken Angrok), of Het Boek der Koningen van Tumapĕl en van Majapahit. Batavia:
Flags and emblems of Majapahit
Flags_and_emblems_of_Majapahit
Boar demon in Indonesian mythology
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Babi_ngepet
Mythical figure
ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8. 583 pages. pp210 R.M. Mangkudimedja. 1979. Serat Pararaton Jilid 2. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan
Satrio_Piningit
Hindu kingdom on the island of Java from 932 AD to 1579
mandala based in Sumatra. The name Sunda appeared in Javanese source, the Pararaton, reported that in 1336, during the inauguration of his newly appointed
Sunda_Kingdom
Sri Ranggah Rajasa Bhatara Sang Amurwabhumi
coloured with adventures, treacheries, and tragedies. According to the Pararaton, a semi-mythical literary work on the kings of Java, Ken Arok was born
Ken_Arok
Oldest attested phase of the Javanese language
Nirarthaprakreta Kakawin Dharmasunya Kakawin Harisraya Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung Pararaton (16th century), a chronicle of the kingdoms of Singhasari and Majapahit
Old_Javanese
Ancient Javanese dating system
Applications LLP. Retrieved November 14, 2025. Purwanto, Heri (2023). PARARATON: Biografi Para Raja Singhasari-Majapahit. Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia:
Old_Javanese_calendar
Early settlement on present-day Singapore
mentioned twice in the Malay Annals and referred to in the Javanese work Pararaton. Temasek is described in the account by the Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan
Temasek
Malay and Indonesian word for spirit or ghost
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Hantu_(supernatural_creature)
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
List_of_Indonesian_deities
Figures in Javanese puppet theater
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Panakawan
Indonesian theatre
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Wayang_beber
11th-century Javanese kingdom
where Hujung Galuh town, one of the main Majapahit ports, was located. Pararaton recorded several Majapahit state officials as the regent of Kahuripan
Kahuripan
Malay folk ghosts
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Ghosts_in_Malay_culture
Creatures in Indonesian folklore
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Ebu_gogo
Java-origin cultural performance
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Wayang
11th century Balinese palm-leaf manuscript
Kakawin Hariwangsa Kakawin Ramayana Kakawin Sutasoma Nagarakretagama Pararaton Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Serat Wiwaha Jarwa or Mintaraga, by Susuhunan
Arjunawiwaha
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Hikayat_Aceh
Old javanese kakawin
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Kakawin_Bhomantaka
Old Javanese poem
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Śiwarātrikalpa
Deity of teachers in Javanese mythology
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Batara_Sambu
Long narrative poems composed in Old Javanese
Javanese historical texts Javanese poetry Nagarakretagama Panji tales Pararaton Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. New Haven
Kakawin
City in East Java, Indonesia
an area from the east of Daha (Kadiri) against King Kertajaya (in the Pararaton called Dandang Gendhis) who resided in the Katang-Katang Kedaton. There
Malang
Malay island kingdom
the Majapahit Nagarakretagama and the 16th-century Javanase court poem, Pararaton; as well as Ming records such as the Yuanshi. According to the Malay Annals
Kingdom_of_Singapura
Former kingdom in modern day West Kalimantan
Kalimantan as a more strategic base to control a wider area. According to the Pararaton, Bhre Tanjungpura was the son of Bhre Tumapel II (Suhita's brother). Bhre
Tanjungpura_Kingdom
Sanskrit inscription from Java, Indonesia
(842) Shivagrha inscription (856) Hinduism in Indonesia Hinduism in Java Pararaton (Book of Kings) Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism Kedu Plain Coedès, George
Canggal_inscription
Culture
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Malay_folklore
Military campaign
the two kingdoms, a political marriage was arranged. According to the Pararaton, two Malay princesses, Dara Petak and Dara Jingga, went to Java, originally
Pamalayu
Culture of the Javanese people
Cambodia. Other literary works include Ken Arok and Ken Dedes, based upon Pararaton, the story of the orphan who usurped his king, and married the queen of
Javanese_culture
Malay shaman and traditional medicine practitioner
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Bomoh
Mythological beliefs
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Batak_mythology
Middle-Javanese kidung
in this story, however, she corresponds to Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi in Pararaton. Hayam Wuruk's grand vizier Gajah Mada, betrayed his king and rejected
Kidung_Sunda
Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015. Pararaton Kern, J.H.C., (1907), De wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapāça-beeld van Padang
Timeline of Indonesian history
Timeline_of_Indonesian_history
14th-century Buddhist site in Indonesia
his royal tour across East Java in 1359 CE. The temple is mentioned in Pararaton as Sajabung, a mortuary temple of Bhre Gundal, a member of Majapahit royalties
Jabung
Indonesian official term for syncretic indigenous and new religious beliefs
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Aliran_Kepercayaan
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Mythology_of_Indonesia
19th-century Malay literature
Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred
Tuhfat_al-Nafis
Indonesian sultanate from 1659 to 1823
conquered lands of Majapahit. Gajah Mada also mentioned the name Palembang in Pararaton as one of the regions that he conquered. A Chinese chronicle Chu-fan-chi
Palembang_Sultanate
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