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Worship of or belief in multiple deities
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one deity, a type of theism; it contrasts with monotheism, the belief in only one deity that is, in
Polytheism
pre-Islamic Arabia, the dominant religious practice was that of Arab polytheism, which was based on the veneration of various deities and spirits, such
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Religion practised by ancient Celtic people
Ancient Celtic religion, also known as Celtic polytheism and Celtic paganism, was the religion of the ancient Celtic peoples of Europe. Because there are
Ancient_Celtic_religion
Greece as well as the western empire. The initial decline of Greco-Roman polytheism was due in part to its syncretic nature, assimilating beliefs and practices
Ancient_Greek_religion
Historical religious tradition
Old Norse religion, also known as Norse polytheism or Norse paganism, is a branch of Germanic religion which developed during the Proto-Norse period, when
Old_Norse_religion
Modern religion derived from ancient Greek pre-christian beliefs
Hellenism (Greek: Ἑλληνισμός, romanized: Hellenismos), also known as Hellenic Polytheism, is a modern polytheistic neopagan religion based on ancient Greek religion
Hellenism_(modern_religion)
Traditional religion of Germanic peoples
Germanic paganism or Germanic religion was the traditional, culturally significant religion of the Germanic peoples. With a chronological range of at least
Germanic_paganism
divinities with particular functions. The last stages of Mesopotamian polytheism, which developed in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC, introduced greater emphasis
Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion
Country in South Asia
deity and blessings received in return (puja); and profess an outwardly polytheism, but sometimes also an inwardly monotheism in which many gods are considered
India
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered
Ancient_Egyptian_religion
Late form of ancient Greek religion
The concept of Hellenistic religion as the late form of Ancient Greek religion covers any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people
Hellenistic_religion
Country in West Asia
unifying Yemen and consolidating Himyarite rule. The Himyarites rejected polytheism and adhered to monotheistic Rahmanism. By 515, Himyar became increasingly
Yemen
Essay by Odo Marquard
"In Praise of Polytheism (On Monomythical and Polymythical Thinking)" (German: Lob des Polytheismus. Über Monomythie und Polymythie) is an essay by the
In_Praise_of_Polytheism
Baltic mythology is the body of mythology of the Baltic peoples stemming from Baltic paganism and continuing after Christianization and into Baltic folklore
Baltic_mythology
Group of ancient Semitic religions
The religion and mythic beliefs of the people in the land of Canaan in the southern Levant during approximately the first three millennia BCE were polytheistic
Canaanite_religion
Belief in the existence of a deity or deities
polytheistic practices is between so-called soft polytheism and hard polytheism. "Soft" polytheism is the belief that different gods may be psychological
Theism
Christians considered Roman religion to be paganism. Ultimately, Roman polytheism was brought to an end with the adoption of Christianity as the official
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Modern paganism based on ancient alleged Celtic traditions
word for 'polytheism', ildiachas, is in use by at least one group on the West Coast of the US as Ildiachas Atógtha ('Reconstructed Polytheism'). In 2000
Celtic_neopaganism
mythology (Lithuanian: Lietuvių mitologija) is the mythology of Lithuanian polytheism, the religion of pre-Christian Lithuanians. Like other Indo-Europeans
Lithuanian_mythology
Slavic paganism encompasses the historical pre-Christian religious beliefs, mythologies, and ritual practices of the Slavic peoples before their gradual
Slavic_paganism
Areas of influence by ancient Greece and Rome
The Greco-Roman world (/ˌɡrɛkoʊˈroʊmən, ˌɡriːkoʊ-, ˌɡreɪkoʊ-/) – also Greco-Roman civilization, Greco-Roman culture, or Greco-Latin culture (spelled Græco-
Greco-Roman_world
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
Classical theism Henotheism Monotheism Kathenotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transtheism Concepts Afterlife Cult Deity Elite religion Experience Meditation
Christianity
Belief gained through personal experience
Unverified personal gnosis (UPG), sometimes referred to as subjective personal gnosis, is said to be spiritual belief gained through personal experience
Unverified_personal_gnosis
pre-Christian religion, Anglo-Saxon traditional religion, or Anglo-Saxon polytheism, is the set of religious beliefs and practices followed by the Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon_paganism
American political activist (1993–2025)
elaborated on Hinduism and his disapproval of its morality due to its polytheism, stating: "When you have multiple gods, you get different moralities.
Charlie_Kirk
economy of the third and fourth centuries struggled, and traditional polytheism was expensive. Roger S. Bagnall reports that imperial financial support
Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_late_Roman_Empire
Beliefs of Proto-Germanic speakers
Proto-Germanic paganism was the beliefs of the speakers of Proto-Germanic and includes topics such as the Germanic mythology, legendry, and folk beliefs
Proto-Germanic_folklore
Modern neopagan movements in Estonia
Estonian neopaganism, or the Estonian native faith, spans various contemporary revivals of the indigenous religion of the Estonian people, adapted from
Estonian_neopaganism
Name of a water deity and mountain range
Abnoba is a name with theological and geographical meanings: It is the name of a Gaulish goddess who was worshiped in the Black Forest and surrounding
Abnoba
Polytheistic religious groups
self-identified with the label. The origin of the term's application to polytheism is debated, as it lacked a static or consistent meaning among early Christians
Paganism
Central European folk legends up to the 8th century
Dietrich von Bern Mannaz Common Germanic deities Germanic king Anglo-Saxon polytheism Saxon paganism List of Germanic deities Jacob Grimm: Deutsche Mythologie
Continental Germanic mythology
Continental_Germanic_mythology
Grove of trees of special religious importance to a particular culture
Estonian, Baltic, Germanic, ancient Greek, Roman, Near Eastern, and Slavic polytheism. They are also found in locations such as India (Maharashtra, Karnataka
Sacred_grove
Beliefs of the ancient Maya people
The traditional Maya or Mayan religion of the extant Maya peoples of Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras, and the Tabasco, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche
Maya_religion
Gothic paganism or Gothic polytheism was the original religion of the Goths before their conversion to Christianity. The Goths first appear in historical
Gothic_paganism
Etruscan religion comprises the religious beliefs and practices of the Etruscan civilization. The Etruscans were polytheistic, and although there is some
Etruscan_religion
British and North American white supremacist organisation
conceives itself as a "folkish" Heathen movement concerned with Germanic polytheism, mythology, folklore, and runes. Odinic Rite limits membership to polytheistic
Odinic_Rite
Greek goddess of magic and transitions
remarked: "she is more at home on the fringes than in the centre of Greek polytheism. Intrinsically ambivalent and polymorphous, she straddles conventional
Hecate
Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
Skjærvø explicitly excludes monotheism, admitting both ethical dualism and polytheism into the Gathic framework. Furthermore, Almut Hintze and Jean Kellens
Zoroastrianism
Old Norse term of insult, denoting effeminacy or other unmanly behavior
Look up ergi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ergi (noun) and argr (adjective) are two Old Norse terms of insult, denoting cowardice, effeminacy, lewdness
Ergi
Polytheistic religion practiced by the Finnic peoples
Baltic Finnic paganism, or Baltic Finnic polytheism, was the indigenous religion of the various Baltic Finnic peoples, specifically the Finns, Estonians
Baltic_Finnic_paganism
Religion in York can be traced back to the city's foundation in Roman times with evidence of York's first Christian community dating from this period.
Religion_in_York
Revival of Finnish polytheism
Revival of Finnish polytheism
Modern_Finnish_paganism
Country in Southeastern Europe
Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,874 active members. Since 2017, Hellenic Polytheism, or Hellenism has been legally recognised as an actively practised religion
Greece
Indigenous Philippine religion
Tagalog religion mainly consists of Tagalog Austronesian religious elements, supplemented with other elements later obtained from Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism
Tagalog_religion
History of Arabia from the third to seventh centuries CE
fourth century, royal inscriptions from Himyar abandon references to polytheism or the old polytheistic gods. Inscriptions begin to invoke the deity and
Arabia_in_late_antiquity
Figure in Manichaean cosmology
converted from Manichaeism to Christianity, criticised the Manichaeans for polytheism and paganism, stating that Manichaeans, due to their dualistic cosmology
Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)
Prince_of_Darkness_(Manichaeism)
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
first in secret and then in public, imploring his listeners to abandon polytheism and worship one God. Many early converts to Islam were women, the poor
Islam
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Shamanism Theism Henotheism Misotheism Monotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transcendentalism Vitalism Theology Apophatism Cataphatism Brahman Conceptions
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Arabic phrase, "Praise be to God"
Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un Allāhumma Be, and it is Terms Shirk (polytheism) Iman (belief) Ihsan (development) Nifaq (hypocrisy) Kufr (disobedience/denial)
Alhamdulillah
Supernatural being
beliefs can be categorized by how many deities they worship: whereas polytheism accept multiple deities, monotheism accept only one deity, and henotheism
Deity
Belief that there is only one God
practices are monotheism. The term "monotheism" is often contrasted with "polytheism", but many scholars prefer other terms such as monolatry, henotheism,
Monotheism
Various mythologies of the Finnic peoples
Finnic mythologies are the mythologies of the various Finnic peoples: Finnish mythology Estonian mythology Komi mythology Mari mythology Sámi shamanism
Finnic_mythologies
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Lists of Greek mythological figures
Lists_of_Greek_mythological_figures
phenomenon. It depicted religion as evolving with human culture, from polytheism to monotheism. The Religionsgeschichtliche Schule emerged at a time when
History_of_religion
theological interpretations affirming a monistic essence of divinity. "Polytheism" and "monotheism" are categories derived from Western religion and do
Chinese_gods_and_immortals
Islamic concept of associating other objects with God
lit. 'association') is a sin often roughly translated as "idolatry" or "polytheism", but more accurately meaning "partnerism or association [with God]".
Shirk_(Islam)
Lithuanian pagan religion
Christianization in 1387. Practitioners of Romuva aim to continue Baltic polytheism traditions that survived in folklore, customs and superstition. Romuva
Romuva_(religion)
Contemporary revival of Uralic ethnic religions
Uralic neopaganism encompasses contemporary movements which have been reviving or revitalising the ethnic religions of the various peoples who speak Uralic
Uralic_neopaganism
Eblaite, Ugarite, Dilmunite and Aramean religions; and Arabian polytheism. Semitic polytheism transitioned into Abrahamic monotheism by way of Yahwism, a
Ancient_Semitic_religion
Hypothesis proposing monotheism as the original religion of humanity
from simple forms to complex: first pre-animism, then animism, totemism, polytheism, and finally monotheism. In 1898, Scottish anthropologist Andrew Lang
Urmonotheismus
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
traditions variously espouse monism, deism, pantheism, and theism (including polytheism and monotheism). Although measuring religiosity is difficult, a majority
Human
Modern syncretic pagan religion
force rather than a personal deity. Other traditions of Wicca embrace polytheism, pantheism, monism, and Goddess monotheism. Wiccan celebrations encompass
Wicca
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
Shamanism Theism Henotheism Misotheism Monotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transcendentalism Vitalism Theology Apophatism Cataphatism Brahman Conceptions
Augustine_of_Hippo
City-state in what is now Pila, Laguna, from c. 900 to 1575
Tagalog and Old Malay Religion Hinduism Tantrayana Buddhism Islam Tagalog polytheism Government Feudal Bayan ruled by a lord Lord • fl. 900 Jayadewa • 14th
Pila_(historical_polity)
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
Shamanism Theism Henotheism Misotheism Monotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transcendentalism Vitalism Theology Apophatism Cataphatism Brahman Conceptions
Karl_Marx
Grouping of three gods
A triad, in a religious context, refers to a grouping of three gods, usually by importance or similar roles. A triad of gods were usually not considered
Triad_(religion)
Polytheistic, animistic Hawaiian religious beliefs
The Hawaiian religion comprises the Indigenous religious beliefs and practices of Native Hawaiians, also known as the kapu system. Hawaiian religion was
Hawaiian_religion
Name embedding the name of a god
A theophoric name (from Greek: θεόφορος, theophoros, literally "bearing/carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or a god's name in a person's
Theophoric_name
German philosopher (1724–1804)
Shamanism Theism Henotheism Misotheism Monotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transcendentalism Vitalism Theology Apophatism Cataphatism Brahman Conceptions
Immanuel_Kant
Islamic phrase on receiving bad news
Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un Allāhumma Be, and it is Terms Shirk (polytheism) Iman (belief) Ihsan (development) Nifaq (hypocrisy) Kufr (disobedience/denial)
Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un
Inna_lillahi_wa_inna_ilayhi_raji'un
Faith, Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Slavic neopaganism, Celtic polytheism, Heathenism (Germanic paganism), Semitic neopaganism, Wicca, Kemetism
List of religions and spiritual traditions
List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions
mountains, trees, or volcanoes. Accepted in animism, pantheism, panentheism, polytheism, deism, totemism, shamanism, Taoism, Hinduism, and paganism, the nature
List_of_nature_deities
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
Shamanism Theism Henotheism Misotheism Monotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transcendentalism Vitalism Theology Apophatism Cataphatism Brahman Conceptions
Gnosticism
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
well or instead Other: Regional languages Religion Imperial cult-driven polytheism (until AD 380) Nicene Christianity (officially from AD 380) Demonym Roman
Roman_Empire
Greek mythological figure
vol. 1, p. 277; Parker, Polytheism and Society at Athens, p. 409. Aeschylus, Suppliants frg. 202, as cited by Parker, Polytheism and Society at Athens,
Prometheus
book God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism and Joseph Campbell in The Masks of God, Vol. 3: Occidental Mythology
List_of_war_deities
Classical theism Henotheism Monotheism Kathenotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transtheism Concepts Afterlife Cult Deity Elite religion Experience Meditation
Lists_of_deities
Book by Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi
or pre-Islamic Arabian monotheists: But [in spite of the idolatry and polytheism which had spread among the Arabs] there were survivals of the time of
Book_of_Idols
Study of Celtic proper names
Britomaris Indutiomarus Viridomarus Some information on prehistoric Celtic polytheism can be drawn from names in Irish and Welsh mythology, which often continue
Celtic_onomastics
Hadith concept in Islamic theology detailing seven major sins
The Seven Destructive Sins (Arabic: السبع الموبقات Al-Sab' al-Mubiqat), also referred to as the Seven Grave Sins, is a foundational prophetic tradition
Seven_Destructive_Sins
Provider of prophecies or insights
the will of the gods to those who slept within its temple. In Celtic polytheism, divination was performed by the priestly caste, either the druids or
Oracle
Christian apostle and missionary (c. 5 – c. 64/65)
Semitic, prophetic origins. Rashid Rida accused Paul of introducing shirk (polytheism) into Christianity. Mohammad Ali Jouhar quoted Adolf von Harnack's critical
Paul_the_Apostle
Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism. The religious traditions
Ancient_Sámi_religion
Entity that created the universe
Mesopotamian theology of creation: Genesis affirms monotheism and denies polytheism. Robert Alter described the combined narrative as "compelling in its archetypal
Creator_deity
Religious views on love vary widely between different religions. "Love is the mystery of divine revelations! Love is the effulgent manifestation! Love
Religious_views_on_love
to include revered figures in Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Greek polytheism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, and Zoroastrianism. Child
Lists_of_saints
Philosophical problem-solving principle
Shamanism Theism Henotheism Misotheism Monotheism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transcendentalism Vitalism Theology Apophatism Cataphatism Brahman Conceptions
Occam's_razor
Enchantress-goddess in Greek mythology
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Circe
Belief in the existence of one God who delegates authority to lesser divinities
acknowledged but worship is centred on the other divinities, making it seem like polytheism while still established in monotheism. Closely related to the concept
Diffused_monotheism
Critical views of the Zoroastrian religion
the Zoroastrian reverence of the Amesha Spenta and Yazatas as a form of polytheism, although the Parsis at the time immediately refuted this allegation and
Criticism_of_Zoroastrianism
Greek goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Persephone
Many neo-pagan religions such as Wicca, Druidry and Celtic polytheism have active followings in Ireland, although the number of declared adherents is likely
Neo-paganism in the Republic of Ireland
Neo-paganism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Modern pagan group practicing Heatenry
thought, courage, honor, light, and beauty." The Odin Brotherhood embraces polytheism. "Hard Polytheists," members believe that the gods and goddesses are distinct
Odin_Brotherhood
Divine being in Shinto
series on Shinto Beliefs Animism/Animatism Kami List of deities Mythology Polytheism Sacred objects Sects and schools Major kami Amaterasu Ame-no-Uzume Inari
Kami
Concepts of worship and devotions towards God
by Jesus in the New Testament about Jesus' love for God the Father. In polytheism, that which is loved by the gods (τὸ θεοφιλές) was identified as the virtuous
Love_of_God
Now-extinct Arab tribes
the areas which the Tasm and Jadis dominated. Ethnicity Arab Nisba Tasmi and Jadisi Location Najd Descended from Shem Religion South Arabian polytheism
Tasm_and_Jadis
Ancient Semitic deity in the Levant
eventually developed into Judaism and Samaritanism, and transitioned from polytheism to monotheism, the existence of other deities was denied outright and
Yahweh
Topics referred to by the same term
to religions that were founded in Western Asia, such as pre-Abrahamic polytheisms and the Abrahamic religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeism
Semitic_religions
totemism, religions of indigenous peoples, paganism and many versions of polytheism hold the belief that animals are spiritual beings; people practicing these
Moral status of animals in the ancient world
Moral_status_of_animals_in_the_ancient_world
Theological concept central to Eastern Orthodoxy
introduction of an unacceptable division in the Trinity and suggestive of polytheism. The essence–energy distinction was formulated by Gregory Palamas of Thessaloniki
Essence–energies_distinction
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