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Worship of or belief in multiple deities
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one deity, a type of theism; it contrasts with monotheism, the belief in only one deity that is, in
Polytheism
pre-Islamic Arabia, the dominant religious practice was that of Arab polytheism, which was based on the veneration of various deities and spirits, such
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Greece as well as the western empire. The initial decline of Greco-Roman polytheism was due in part to its syncretic nature, assimilating beliefs and practices
Ancient_Greek_religion
Religion practised by ancient Celtic people
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Ancient_Celtic_religion
divinities with particular functions. The last stages of Mesopotamian polytheism, which developed in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC, introduced greater emphasis
Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered
Ancient_Egyptian_religion
Essay by Odo Marquard
"In Praise of Polytheism (On Monomythical and Polymythical Thinking)" (German: Lob des Polytheismus. Über Monomythie und Polymythie) is an essay by the
In_Praise_of_Polytheism
Belief in the existence of at least one deity
polytheistic practices is between so-called soft polytheism and hard polytheism. "Soft" polytheism is the belief that different gods may be psychological
Theism
Modern religion derived from ancient Greek pre-christian beliefs
Hellenism (Greek: Ἑλληνισμός), or Hellenistic Polytheism, consists of a modern pluralistic, polytheistic religion and a related subculture which exists
Hellenism_(modern_religion)
Traditional religion of Germanic peoples
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Germanic_paganism
Country in South Asia
to a deity and receiving a blessing (pūjā), and a first-level cultural polytheism (although many Hindus adhere to a second-level monotheism in which many
India
pre-Christian religion, Anglo-Saxon traditional religion, or Anglo-Saxon polytheism, is the set of religious beliefs and practices followed by the Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon_paganism
Polytheistic religious groups
implication of belief in false gods. The origin of the term's application to polytheism, however, is debated. In the 19th century, paganism was adopted as a self-descriptor
Paganism
Group of ancient Semitic religions
The religion and mythic beliefs of the people in the land of Canaan in the southern Levant during approximately the first three millennia BCE were polytheistic
Canaanite_religion
Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
Skjærvø explicitly excludes monotheism, admitting both ethical dualism and polytheism into the Gathic framework. Furthermore, Almut Hintze and Jean Kellens
Zoroastrianism
Christians considered Roman religion to be paganism. Ultimately, Roman polytheism was brought to an end with the adoption of Christianity as the official
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Islamic concept of associating other objects with God
lit. 'association') is a sin often roughly translated as "idolatry" or "polytheism", but more accurately meaning "partnerism or association [with God]".
Shirk_(Islam)
mythology (Lithuanian: Lietuvių mitologija) is the mythology of Lithuanian polytheism, the religion of pre-Christian Lithuanians. Like other Indo-Europeans
Lithuanian_mythology
Central European folk legends up to the 8th century
Dietrich von Bern Mannaz Common Germanic deities Germanic king Anglo-Saxon polytheism Saxon paganism List of Germanic deities Jacob Grimm: Deutsche Mythologie
Continental Germanic mythology
Continental_Germanic_mythology
Greek goddess of magic and transitions
remarked, "she is more at home on the fringes than in the centre of Greek polytheism. Intrinsically ambivalent and polymorphous, she straddles conventional
Hecate
Belief gained through personal experience
Unverified personal gnosis (UPG), sometimes referred to as subjective personal gnosis, is said to be spiritual belief gained through personal experience
Unverified_personal_gnosis
Belief that there is only one God
the ancient sources. The term "monotheism" is often contrasted with "polytheism", but many scholars prefer other terms such as monolatry, henotheism,
Monotheism
American political activist (1993–2025)
elaborated on Hinduism and his disapproval of its morality due to its polytheism, stating: "When you have multiple gods, you get different moralities.
Charlie_Kirk
Etruscan religion comprises the religious beliefs and practices of the Etruscan civilization. The Etruscans were polytheistic, and although there is some
Etruscan_religion
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Slavic_paganism
Modern paganism based on ancient alleged Celtic traditions
word for 'polytheism', ildiachas, is in use by at least one group on the West Coast of the US as Ildiachas Atógtha ('Reconstructed Polytheism'). In 2000
Celtic_neopaganism
economy of the third and fourth centuries struggled, and traditional polytheism was expensive. Roger S. Bagnall reports that imperial financial support
Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_late_Roman_Empire
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Baltic_mythology
Belief in the existence of one God who delegates authority to lesser divinities
acknowledged but worship is centred on the other divinities, making it seem like polytheism while still established in monotheism. Closely related to the concept
Diffused_monotheism
Polytheistic religion practiced by the Finnic peoples
Baltic Finnic paganism, or Baltic Finnic polytheism was the indigenous religion of the various Baltic Finnic peoples, specifically the Finns, Estonians
Baltic_Finnic_paganism
Historical religious tradition
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Old_Norse_religion
Areas of influence by ancient Greece and Rome
The Greco-Roman world /ˌɡriː.koʊ.ˈroʊ.mən, ˌɡrɛ.-, ˌɡreɪ.-/, also Greco-Roman civilization, Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture (spelled Græco-Roman
Greco-Roman_world
Late form of ancient Greek religion
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Hellenistic_religion
Grove of trees of special religious importance to a particular culture
Estonian, Baltic, Germanic, ancient Greek, Roman, Near Eastern, and Slavic polytheism. They are also found in locations such as India (Maharashtra, Karnataka
Sacred_grove
Gothic paganism or Gothic polytheism was the original religion of the Goths before their conversion to Christianity. The Goths first appear in historical
Gothic_paganism
Figure in Manichaean cosmology
converted from Manichaeism to Christianity, criticised the Manichaeans for polytheism and paganism, stating that Manichaeans, due to their dualistic cosmology
Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)
Prince_of_Darkness_(Manichaeism)
Northwest Semitic supreme deity
"redactors". Some believe inconsistencies that arise between monotheism and polytheism in the texts are reflective of this hypothesis. The stem ʾl is found prominently
El_(deity)
Beliefs of Proto-Germanic speakers
Proto-Germanic paganism was the beliefs of the speakers of Proto-Germanic and includes topics such as the Germanic mythology, legendry, and folk beliefs
Proto-Germanic_folklore
Ancient Greek goddess
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Athena
Old Norse term of insult, denoting effeminacy or other unmanly behavior
Ergi (noun) and argr (adjective) are two Old Norse terms of insult, denoting effeminacy or other unmanly behaviour. Argr (also ragr) is "unmanly" and ergi
Ergi
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
Age Nondualism Nontheism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Perennialism Polytheism Possibilianism Process theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism
Karl_Marx
theological interpretations affirming a monistic essence of divinity. "Polytheism" and "monotheism" are categories derived from Western religion and do
Chinese_gods_and_immortals
Country in Southeast Europe
Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,874 active members. Since 2017, Hellenic Polytheism, or Hellenism has been legally recognised as an actively practised religion
Greece
Modern syncretic pagan religion
force rather than a personal deity. Other traditions of Wicca embrace polytheism, pantheism, monism, and Goddess monotheism. Wiccan celebrations encompass
Wicca
Revival of ancient Roman polytheism
Revivals of ancient Roman polytheism have taken various forms in the modern era. These efforts seek to re-establish the traditional Roman cults and customs
Reconstructionist Roman religion
Reconstructionist_Roman_religion
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
Age Nondualism Nontheism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Perennialism Polytheism Possibilianism Process theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism
Gnosticism
Name of a water deity and mountain range
Abnoba is a name with theological and geographical meanings: It is the name of a Gaulish goddess who was worshiped in the Black Forest and surrounding
Abnoba
Grouping of three gods
A triad, in a religious context, refers to a grouping of three gods, usually by importance or similar roles. A triad of gods were usually not considered
Triad_(religion)
Hypothesis proposing monotheism as the original religion of humanity
from simple forms to complex: first pre-animism, then animism, totemism, polytheism, and finally monotheism. In 1898, Scottish anthropologist Andrew Lang
Urmonotheismus
Supreme being in theistic belief systems
Monotheism Urmonotheismus Mysticism Panentheism Pandeism Pantheism Polydeism Polytheism Spiritualism Theistic finitism Theopanism Concepts Deity Goddess Divinity
God
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
first in secret and then in public, imploring his listeners to abandon polytheism and worship one God. Many early converts to Islam were women, the poor
Islam
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
well or instead Other: Regional languages Religion Imperial cult-driven polytheism (until AD 380) Nicene Christianity (officially from AD 380) Demonym Roman
Roman_Empire
mountains, trees, or volcanoes. Accepted in animism, pantheism, panentheism, polytheism, deism, totemism, shamanism, Taoism, Hinduism, and paganism, the nature
List_of_nature_deities
Provider of prophecies or insights
the will of the gods to those who slept within its temple. In Celtic polytheism, divination was performed by the priestly caste, either the druids or
Oracle
City-state in what is now Pila, Laguna, from c. 900 to 1575
Tagalog and Old Malay Religion Hinduism Tantrayana Buddhism Islam Tagalog polytheism Government Feudal Bayan ruled by a lord Lord • fl. 900 Jayadewa • 14th
Pila_(historical_polity)
Core Islamic tenet denoting the unification of God
and uniqueness of God. This reflects the struggle of monotheism against polytheism. In order to explain the complexity of the unity of God and of the divine
Tawhid
Modern pagan group practicing Heatenry
thought, courage, honor, light, and beauty." The Odin Brotherhood embraces polytheism. "Hard Polytheists," members believe that the gods and goddesses are distinct
Odin_Brotherhood
Belief in a single god in Arabia before Islam
fourth century CE, nearly all of the inhabitants of Arabia practiced polytheism. In the fourth to sixth centuries, Christianity spread significantly in
Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
Monotheism_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
to include revered figures in Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Greek polytheism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, and Zoroastrianism. Child
Lists_of_saints
Ancient Semitic deity in the Levant
eventually developed into Judaism and Samaritanism, and transitioned from polytheism to monotheism, the existence of other deities was denied outright and
Yahweh
Name embedding the name of a god
A theophoric name (from Greek: θεόφορος, theophoros, literally "bearing/carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or a god's name in a person's
Theophoric_name
Polytheistic, animistic Hawaiian religious beliefs
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Hawaiian_religion
Indigenous Philippine religion
Tagalog religion mainly consists of Tagalog Austronesian religious elements, supplemented with other elements later obtained from Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism
Tagalog_religion
Eblaite, Ugarite, Dilmunite and Aramean religions; and Arabian polytheism. Semitic polytheism transitioned into Abrahamic monotheism by way of Yahwism, a
Ancient_Semitic_religion
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
traditions variously espouse monism, deism, pantheism, and theism (including polytheism and monotheism). Although measuring religiosity is difficult, a majority
Human
phenomenon. It depicted religion as evolving with human culture, from polytheism to monotheism. The Religionsgeschichtliche Schule emerged at a time when
History_of_religion
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022
Johnson's biographer, Andrew Gimson, regarding ancient Greek and Roman polytheism: "it is clear that [Johnson] is inspired by the Romans, and even more
Boris_Johnson
Doubt about God's existence
there is exactly one god, a view central to the Abrahamic religions. Polytheism asserts that there are many gods, as in the ancient Egyptian pantheon
Agnosticism
Figure in Greek mythology
vol. 1, p. 277; Parker, Polytheism and Society at Athens, p. 409. Aeschylus, Suppliants frg. 202, as cited by Parker, Polytheism and Society at Athens,
Prometheus
Female giant
Giantesses are female giants: either a mythical being, such as the Amazons of Greek mythology, resembling a woman of superhuman size and strength or a
Giantess
Religion of ancient Israel and Judah
the end of the Babylonian captivity, Yahwism began turning away from polytheism—or, by some accounts, Yahweh-centric monolatry—and transitioned towards
Yahwism
about the time between the fourth century AD and the emergence of Islam, polytheism was the dominant form of religion in Arabia. Deities represented the forces
List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities
List_of_pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities
Various mythologies of the Finnic peoples
v t e Paganism Characteristics Animism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Myth and ritual Veneration of the dead Bear worship Blót Tumulus Dying and rising
Finnic_mythologies
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Lists of Greek mythological figures
Lists_of_Greek_mythological_figures
Christian apostle and missionary (c. 5 – c. 64/65)
Semitic, prophetic origins. Rashid Rida accused Paul of introducing shirk (polytheism) into Christianity. Mohammad Ali Jouhar quoted Adolf von Harnack's critical
Paul_the_Apostle
book God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism and Joseph Campbell in The Masks of God, Vol. 3: Occidental Mythology
List_of_war_deities
Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism. The religious traditions
Sámi_shamanism
Symbolic serpent with its tail in its mouth
Metempsychosis Nympholepsy Paradoxography Patron gods Pederasty Phronesis Polytheism Sophrosyne Soter Theia mania Xenia Texts / odes / epic poems Epic Cycle
Ouroboros
Tribal confederation of the Mudarite Arabs
Kinana Banu Asad From Tabikha ibn Ilyas: Banu Tamim From Qam'ah ibn Ilyas: Banu Khuza'ah (disputed) Religion Islam (formerly South Arabian polytheism)
Khindif
Book by Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi
or pre-Islamic Arabian monotheists: But [in spite of the idolatry and polytheism which had spread among the Arabs] there were survivals of the time of
Book_of_Idols
Religions shaped by historical paganism
elements from various religions and philosophies with historical paganism. Polytheism, animism, and pantheism are common features across pagan theology. Modern
Modern_paganism
Creation spirit in some schools of philosophy
Dualism Monolatry Kathenotheism Omnism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transtheism Specific conceptions Brahman Creator Demiurge Deus Father
Demiurge
Derogatory term for foreign deities in Abrahamic religions
period, and this is what led to the shift away from earlier Israelite polytheism. The vast majority of religions in history have been and/or are still
False_god
7th-century Arab polytheists who fought early Muslims
The terms shirk and mushrikun imply condemnation more than the word "polytheism". The mushrikun are the main targets of criticism in the parts of the
Mushrikun
Celtic water deity
In the localised Celtic polytheism practised in Great Britain, Sulis was a deity worshiped at the thermal spring of Bath. She was worshiped by the Romano-British
Sulis
totemism, religions of indigenous peoples, paganism and many versions of polytheism hold the belief that animals are spiritual beings; people practicing these
Moral status of animals in the ancient world
Moral_status_of_animals_in_the_ancient_world
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Age Nondualism Nontheism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Perennialism Polytheism Possibilianism Process theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism
Friedrich_Nietzsche
8th-century Indian Vedic scholar
Age Nondualism Nontheism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Perennialism Polytheism Possibilianism Process theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism
Adi_Shankara
Literary genre about pre-Islamic Arabian war
Prophets and Kings The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar Religion Polytheism Deities Al-Lat Al-‘Uzzá Dushara Hubal Manāt Monotheism Judaism Christianity
Days_of_the_Arabs
Islamic phrase on receiving bad news
Inna Lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un Allahumma Be, and it is Terms Shirk (polytheism) Iman (belief) Ihsan (development) Nifaq (hypocrisy) Kufr (disobedience/denial)
Inna Lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un
Inna_Lillahi_wa_inna_ilayhi_raji'un
Religion established by Baháʼu'lláh
Dualism Henotheism Monotheism Nontheism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transtheism Religious studies Anthropology Cognitive science Comparative
Baháʼí_Faith
Divine hero in Greek mythology
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Heracles
Theological concept
Dualism Monolatry Kathenotheism Omnism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transtheism Specific conceptions Brahman Creator Demiurge Deus Father
Godhead
Greek and Roman mythological creature
goddess Artemis. If this is the case, it would be an example of "practical polytheism in the worship of the saints"). Nymphs are often depicted in classic works
Nymph
Subregion of the Asian continent
and polytheism Yamato Korean shamanism 무속 (巫俗) or 무교 (巫敎) Spontaneous formation N/A Shamanism sects N/A Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheism Koreans
East_Asia
City-state in ancient Greece
42361°E / 37.08194; 22.42361 Common languages Doric Greek Religion Greek polytheism Government Spartan politeia Kings • c. 930–900 BC Agis I • 489–480 BC
Sparta
Prophets and Kings The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar Religion Polytheism Deities Al-Lat Al-‘Uzzá Dushara Hubal Manāt Monotheism Judaism Christianity
Languages of pre-Islamic Arabia
Languages_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Greek goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld
Ages of Man, Golden Age, Heroic Age Divine and reality Apeiron Monism Polytheism Pantheism Form of the Good Theory of forms Mind Anamnesis Ataraxia Apatheia
Persephone
Topics referred to by the same term
to religions that were founded in Western Asia, such as pre-Abrahamic polytheisms and the Abrahamic religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeism
Semitic_religions
Entity that created the universe
Mesopotamian theology of creation: Genesis affirms monotheism and denies polytheism. Robert Alter described the combined narrative as "compelling in its archetypal
Creator_deity
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Arabic, Malaysian
Lovely; Kind; Pretty
Male
Chinese
gentle waves.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Girl/Female
Indian
Helper, Supporter, Protector, Blossoming flower, Brilliant, Visible, Dawn
Male
Italian
Pet form of Italian Benedetto, BETTINO means "blessed."
Boy/Male
Latin Hungarian
Laurel.
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek
Thirsty Plant
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Trustworthy honest
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Benediction
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
n.
The doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods.
v. i.
To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the doctrine of polytheism.
a.
Of or pertaining to polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating polytheism; as, polytheistic worship; a polytheistic author, or nation.
n.
The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism.