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Shells and bones used for divination in ancient China
Oracle bones are pieces of ox scapula and turtle plastron which were used in pyromancy – a form of divination – during the Late Shang period (c. 1250 –
Oracle_bone
Ancient form of written Chinese
The oracle bone script is the oldest attested form of written Chinese, dating to the late 2nd millennium BC. Inscriptions were made by carving characters
Oracle_bone_script
Chinese dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)
divination texts inscribed on oracle bones, which were usually either turtle shells or ox scapulae. More than 20,000 oracle bones were discovered during the
Shang_dynasty
Logographic writing system
indicate the character's meaning. The first attested characters are oracle bone inscriptions made during the 13th century BCE in what is now Anyang,
Chinese_characters
Earliest known literate civilization in China
Shang inscriptions. Most Shang writing takes the form of inscriptions on oracle bones used for divinations on behalf of the king. Shang ritual focused on offerings
Late_Shang
Early Chinese religious history
Methods of communication with spirits included divinations written on oracle bones and sacrifice of living beings. Much of what is known about Shang religion
Religion_of_the_Shang_dynasty
Founder and first king of the Shang dynasty
Tang of Shang, (c. 1670 BC to c. 1587 BC, born Zi Lü), recorded on oracle bones as Tai Yi or Da Yi, was the first king of the Shang dynasty. Tang is traditionally
Tang_of_Shang
Site of the last capital of the Shang dynasty
Shang kings and saw the emergence of oracle bone script, the earliest known Chinese writing. Along with oracle bone script and other material evidence for
Yinxu
13th-century BC king of the Shang dynasty
until oracle script inscriptions on bones dating from his reign were unearthed at the ruins of his capital Yin (near modern Anyang) in 1899. Oracle bone inscriptions
Wu_Ding
Predynastic Shang ruler
about the life of Shi Gui, as his life predates the Late Shang that oracle bones are known for. Prior to their unearthing in the late-19th century, he
Shi_Gui_of_Shang
Chinese archaeologist
(1895–1963) was a Chinese archaeologist. He was a leading authority on the oracle bone and turtle shell inscriptions of the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC). In
Dong_Zuobin
Oldest attested stage of Chinese
Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BC, in the Late Shang period. Bronze inscriptions became
Old_Chinese
Sino-Tibetan language
Literary Chinese. The earliest attested written Chinese consists of the oracle bone inscriptions created during the Shang dynasty c. 1250 BCE. The phonetic
Chinese_language
Ancient carvings on artifacts in China
on bone. The archaeologists who made the original finds believed the markings to be similar in form to some characters used in the much later oracle bone
Jiahu_symbols
Provider of prophecies or insights
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future
Oracle
American historian and sinologist
Chinese Bronze Age. He was best known for his studies of Chinese oracle bones and oracle bone script. His work changed the way that many Sinologists viewed
David_Keightley
Attempt to gain insight into a question or situation through magic or the supernatural
Losar. China Oracle bone and milfoil divination In China, there are many forms of divination that take place. One example includes oracle bone divination
Divination
Archaeological evidence from the Shang Dynasty
province. Work began in 1928 initially as an investigation of the source of oracle bones. It was carried out by a team from the new research organisation Academia
Shang_archaeology
Romanization scheme for Standard Chinese
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Pinyin
period. The religion was characterized by inscriptions on bronze and oracle bones, detailed texts on rituals and divination, and the complex religious
Religion of the Predynastic and Western Zhou
Religion_of_the_Predynastic_and_Western_Zhou
Markings found at Neolithic sites in China
collectively called Táo Wén (陶文 'pottery scripts'), have been compared to the oracle bone script — the earliest known forms of Chinese characters, first attested
Neolithic_symbols_in_China
Chinese writer (1857–1909)
wealthy enough to follow his pioneering archaeological studies of the oracle bone inscriptions and to write fiction.[citation needed] Liu's best known
Liu_E_(writer)
Writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on ritual bronzes
the earliest scripts in the Chinese family of scripts, preceded by the oracle bone script. For the early Western Zhou to early Warring States period, the
Chinese_bronze_inscriptions
Writing systems descended from oracle bone script
write various East Asian languages, that ultimately descend from the oracle bone script invented in the Yellow River valley during the Shang dynasty.
Chinese_family_of_scripts
Predynastic Shang ruler
culture's Six Spirits (六示 lìushì). Little was known about him until oracle bones were noticed by academia in the late 19th century, where his veneration
Shi_Ren_of_Shang
Punctuation used with Chinese characters
can be found in oracle bone script. In Guo Moruo's work General Anthology of Divination Inscriptions (卜辞通纂, a collection of oracle bone script, written
Chinese_punctuation
Writing the Chinese languages
during the late Shang dynasty (c. 1250 – c. 1050 BCE) in the form of oracle bone script, but the process of creating character-like symbols is thought
Written_Chinese
Calligraphy with Chinese script
the year 1980. Oracle bone script was an early form of Chinese characters written on animals' bones. Written on oracle bones—animal bones or turtle plastrons—it
Chinese_calligraphy
Chinese view of a supreme God
Di's representatives. The earliest references to Shangdi are found in oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang dynasty in the 2nd millennium BC, although
Shangdi
Ancient Chinese polytheistic religion
key religious roles with the king acting as head. As recorded on Shang oracle bones, royal adherents were grouped into specialist teams such as diviners
Shang dynasty religious practitioners
Shang_dynasty_religious_practitioners
Predynastic Shang ruler
(六示 (lìushì)). Veneration of him as an ancestral deity is recorded in oracle bone inscriptions, though little is known about his contemporary reign. He
Bao_Yi_of_Shang
Predynastic Shang ruler
the Shang dynasty. After his death, he was succeeded by Shi Ren. Until oracle bones were unearthed in the 20th century, little was known about his life and
Bao_Ding_of_Shang
Chinese shaman and astronomer
has not been tied to Oracle bone mentions and, being from the days of Tai Wu, they predate the Late Shang that extant Oracle bones date to. Therefore,
Wu_Xian_(Shang_dynasty)
Archaeological site in Shandong
found at the site were a number of oracle bones, including inscribed examples showing a regional variety of the oracle bone script, the earliest known form
Daxinzhuang
Prominent Shang dynasty diviner
a prominent diviner during the Shang dynasty, appearing in over 800 oracle bone inscriptions. They are known to have served Wu Ding and Zu Geng during
Zheng_(diviner)
Predynastic Shang ruler
reign due to a lack of surviving records. Bao Bing is written as 匚乙 in Oracle Bone Script, where 匚 is pronounced as bào rather than fāng. This is because
Bao_Bing_of_Shang
Last king of the Shang dynasty
recorded as having upheld Shang dynasty religion in several bronze and oracle bone inscriptions, where he participates in feng 豊, the Shang dynasty concept
Di_Xin
Shang dynasty general, diviner, Queen consort to King Wu Ding
already antiques), and also her collection of more than 500 bone objects, such as oracle bones (they were from her role as a religious priestess, and were
Fu_Hao
Standardized set of Chinese characters
Kong Macau Languages Chinese languages Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Small seal script Clerical script Regular script Traditional Chinese
Traditional Chinese characters
Traditional_Chinese_characters
Practice of divination by use of scapulae
blades). It is most widely practiced in China and the Sinosphere as oracle bones, but has also been independently developed in other traditions including
Scapulimancy
Chinese luxury plug-in electric car brand owned by BYD Auto
brand logo is the Chinese character for "lightning" or "electricity" in oracle bone script. The brand's first model, the U8 plug-in hybrid full-size SUV
Yangwang
written Chinese are attested in inscriptions made on bronze vessels and oracle bones during the Late Shang period (c. 1250 – 1050 BCE), with the very oldest
History of the Chinese language
History_of_the_Chinese_language
Chinese official and scholar
that the symbols inscribed on oracle bones were an early form of Chinese writing in 1899. His work on the oracle bone script was curtailed when he accepted
Wang_Yirong
The earliest extant corpus of Chinese characters are in the form of oracle bone script, attested from c. 1250 BCE at the site of Yin, the capital of
Chinese character classification
Chinese_character_classification
Rigid organs of the skeleton of vertebrates
mammal bones. Oracle bone script was a writing system used in ancient China based on inscriptions in bones. Its name originates from oracle bones, which were
Bone
Traditional first dynasty in Chinese history
and they are not mentioned in the oldest Chinese texts, the earliest oracle bone inscriptions dating from the Late Shang period (13th century BC). The
Xia_dynasty
Xia Dynasty king and founder
ruled as sage-king during the late 3rd millennium BC, which predates the oracle bone script used during the late Shang dynasty—the oldest known form of writing
Yu_the_Great
Polities that existed during the Shang dynasty
that existed during the Shang dynasty in ancient China, attested in oracle bones, bronze inscriptions, and the Chinese classics. The Shang dynasty was
List_of_Shang_dynasty_states
was pyro-osteomancy (or pyromancy), which involves burning animal bones. Oracle bone divination with scapulae and turtle shells was a source of state power
Prehistoric_Chinese_religions
Ruler of Predynastic Shang
of Predynastic Shang and the father of Shang Jia. He is attested on oracle bone inscriptions, and venerated by the Shang as a 'High Ancestor' (高祖; gāozǔ)
Wang_Hai_of_Shang
Characters used to denote numbers in Chinese
the Shang dynasty oracle numerals of the 14th century BC. The oracle bone script numerals were found on tortoise shell and animal bones. In early civilizations
Chinese_numerals
Branch of the Chinese language family
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Mandarin_Chinese
Ancient style of Chinese characters
than the small seal script—but also earlier Western Zhou forms, or even oracle bone characters. Due to this imprecision, modern scholars tend to avoid using
Seal_script
Predynastic Shang ruler
reflected in oracle bone inscriptions. He was succeeded by Shang Jia, Wang Hai's son. Wang Gen's name is written as ⿰弓亙 or 亙 in oracle bone inscriptions
Wang_Gen_of_Shang
Ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel
of elites during the Shang dynasty. Their ritual use is indicated by oracle bone inscriptions that suggest that they were used to heat and pour wine during
Jue_(vessel)
Standardized set of Chinese characters
script China Singapore Languages Chinese Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Small seal script Clerical script Regular script Simplified Chinese
Simplified_Chinese_characters
Fossils and ancient bones used as medicine
dragons. Dragon bones are generally mammal fossils, petrified wood, or even oracle bones. Animals remain identified as dragon bones are primarily mammals
Long_gu
Ancient Chinese ruler
Emperor/Empress. The Chinese character Hou (后) is an ideogrammic compounds; in oracle bone script, it is written the same as Si (司, means "to rule") as the combination
Hou_(title)
Prominent Shang dynasty diviner
of oracle bone divinations of any diviner, which has made them an ample source of linguistic data, as well as a useful marker for dating oracle bone inscriptions
Nan_(diviner)
Venom-based poison associated with cultures of south China, particularly Nanyue
"gold silkworm". The term gu (蠱), says Loewe, "can be traced from the oracle bones until modern times, and has acquired a large number of meanings or connotations"
Gu_(poison)
Ruler of Predynastic Shang
Shang. Wang Guowei identifies him with Ji (季), an ancestor mentioned in oracle bone inscriptions based on patterns in Chu Ci, though consensus has not been
Ming_of_Shang
Persistent representation of language
millennium BC, evolving from oracle bone script used for divination purposes, although the apparent maturity of the oracle bone script suggests it may have
Writing
Chinese characters used in Japanese writing
different from the originals, though their representations are more clear in oracle bone script and seal script. These pictographic characters make up only a
Kanji
Consort of the last Shang dynasty king
dynasty in ancient China. However, she is not recorded in contemporary oracle bone inscriptions. In legends and fictions, she is portrayed as a malevolent
Daji
Comprehensive collection of oracle bone rubbings
rubbings of ancient Chinese oracle bone inscriptions. Under the last nine kings of the Shang dynasty (up to c. 1046 BC), pieces of bone, usually plastrons of
Jiaguwen_Heji
Late Shang diviner
multiple oracle bones, giving a rather complete picture of their life relative to other diviners like Zheng or Nan, beginning as a student learning oracle bone
Peng_(diviner)
Romanization scheme for Mandarin Chinese
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Wade–Giles
Period between prehistory and the medieval era
independently developed in China during the Shang dynasty in the form of the Oracle Bone Script dating to the period 1600 to 1100 BC. Writing in Mesoamerica dates
Ancient_history
Symbols that communicate ideas but not language
archaeologists, the symbols bear a resemblance to the first attested oracle bone inscriptions dating to c. 1200 BC.[unreliable source?] Others have dismissed
Proto-writing
Sinitic language spoken in East Asia
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Hokkien
Locations where civilization emerged
earliest instances, followed by Chinese proto-writing evolving into the oracle bone script, and again by the emergence of Mesoamerican writing systems from
Cradle_of_civilization
Variety of Hokkien spoken in Taiwan
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Taiwanese_Hokkien
Canadian missionary and archaeologist
and author. He was the first Western scholar to study Shang dynasty Oracle bone script, the earliest form of Chinese writing. In the years following
James_Mellon_Menzies
Standard form of Mandarin Chinese
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Standard_Chinese
Chinese-based Vietnamese writing system
Left-to-right (modern) Languages Vietnamese Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Seal script Clerical script Regular script Chữ Hán Chữ Nôm Child
Chữ_Nôm
Chinese character forms c. 1050–400 BCE
Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 403 BCE), or more broadly to also include the oracle bone script (c. 1250 – c. 1000 BCE). The term deliberately contrasts the small
Large_seal_script
Mid-10th Century BCE conquest of the Shang by Predynastic Zhou
convinced Di Xin to conduct his wicked deeds, is not seen in oracle bone evidence. The oracle bone evidence from Di Xin's period that is extant demonstrates
Battle_of_Muye
Mother goddess in Chinese religion and mythology
first historical information on her can be traced back to Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions that record sacrifices to a "Western Mother". Even though
Queen_Mother_of_the_West
Chinese character radical
adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. Oracle bone script character Bronze script character Large seal script character
Radical_194
Chinese chancellor
throne. However, archaeological evidence based on contemporary records in oracle bone script showed that Yi was still worshipped by the Shang people, including
Yi_Yin
in the oracle bone script looks like an ox horn. 鼎 (tripod): The oracle bone inscriptions are in the shape of a tripod. 鹿 (deer): In oracle bones, it resembles
Chinese character internal structures
Chinese_character_internal_structures
Script style of Asian orthography
Cursive script Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Seal script Clerical script Cursive script This article contains phonetic transcriptions
Cursive_script_(East_Asia)
11th century BC precursor to the Zhou dynasty
came from two sources. The Shang dynasty kept records about Zhou in oracle bones. The texts about Zhou inscribed by the Shang court are mainly those from
Predynastic_Zhou
Chinese historian (1911–1995)
modern Chinese transcriptions of the most comprehensive collection of the oracle bone inscriptions. For 26 years, since 1956, he led the editorial team of
Hu_Houxuan
Chinese characters used in Korean writing
present Languages Korean, Classical Chinese Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Seal script Clerical script Regular script Hanja Sister systems
Hanja
Chinese script widely used in the Han dynasty
Languages Old Chinese, Eastern Han Chinese Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Seal script Clerical script Child systems Regular script This
Clerical_script
of oracle bones with characters have been unearthed. More than 5,000 individual characters have been identified from these inscribed oracle bones, and
Prehistory_of_China
Semisyllabary used to transcribe Chinese
top-to-bottom, vertical right-to-left Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Seal script Clerical script Han script Bopomofo Child systems
Bopomofo
Styles of writing Chinese characters
unification. Although some modern calligraphers practice the most ancient oracle bone script as well as various other scripts older than seal script found
Chinese_script_styles
Branch of Chinese language family
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Yue_Chinese
Primary branch of Sinitic spoken in southern China and Taiwan
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Min_Chinese
Chinese idioms
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Chengyu
Visual art related to writing
characters are oracle bone script (甲骨文), carved on ox scapulae and tortoise plastrons. The rulers in the Shang dynasty carved pits on such animals' bones and baked
Calligraphy
Chinese pronunciation system (601 AD)
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Middle_Chinese
Chinese script used by Yao women
Jiangyong County Languages Xiangnan Tuhua Related scripts Parent systems Oracle bone script Bronze script Seal script Clerical script Regular script Nüshu
Nüshu
Order of writing Chinese characters
eight of the most basic strokes in regular script. In ancient China, the oracle bone script carved on ox scapula and tortoise plastrons showed no indication
Stroke_order
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Languages_of_China
Sinitic language originating in southern China
Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified
Hakka_Chinese
2008 film by Rob Cohen
monastery with his second-in-command, General Ming, to find the long-lost Oracle Bones, which hold the key to immortality. When Yuan and Ming fell in love,
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor
The_Mummy:_Tomb_of_the_Dragon_Emperor
Chinese jade mined/carved from the Neolithic on
Chinese character 玉 for yu "jade" dates back to c. 11th century BCE oracle bone script from the late Shang dynasty, when it depicted pieces of jade hanging
Chinese_jade
ORACLE BONE
ORACLE BONE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English, Old French grace ‘charm’, ‘pleasantness’ (Latin gratia).English : from the female personal name Grace, which was popular in the Middle Ages. This seems in the first instance to have been from a Germanic element grīs ‘gray’ (see Grice 1), but was soon associated by folk etymology with the Latin word meaning ‘charm’.
Male
English
English and French form of Roman Latin Horatius, HORACE means "has good eyesight."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Jamaican, Latin
Beauty of Form; Graceful; Grace of God; Favour; Blessing
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. A certain William de Orenge mentioned in Domesday Book probably derives his name from Orange in Mayenne. Later medieval examples probably come from a female personal , Orenge, of obscure derivation.French : habitational name from a place in Vaucluse.
Female
English
Pet form of English Grace, GRACIE means "pleasing, agreeable."
Boy/Male
English American Italian Latin
Timekeeper. Derived from the Roman clan name Horatius.
Female
English
English form of French Aurélie, ORALIE means "golden."
Female
English
Feminine variant spelling of English unisex Tracy, TRACIE means "place of Thracius."
Female
Hebrew
(×ï‹×¨Ö¸×”-לִי) Hebrew name ORALEE means "my light." Compare with another form of Oralee.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Horace, Latin Horatius, a Roman family name of unknown origin, associated chiefly with the name of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65–8 bc).
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Latin miraculum, MIRACLE means "marvel, wonder."
Female
English
Feminine variant spelling of English unisex Tracy, TRACEE means "place of Thracius."
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Gujarati, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Muslim, Portuguese, Swedish
Mercy; God's Favor; Grace; Grace of God; Kindness; Thanks; Love; Favour; Blessing; Charm; Good will
Male
English
Short form of English unisex Tracy, TRACE means "place of Thracius."
Girl/Female
English American Irish Latin
Grace.
Girl/Female
Latin American English Irish
Grace.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Oralie, ORALEE means "golden." Compare with another form of Oralee.
Female
English
English name derived from Italian Orabella, ORABEL means "golden beautiful."
Girl/Female
English Latin
Golden.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : variant of Grass 3.English : variant of Grace.
ORACLE BONE
ORACLE BONE
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Joys; Delights
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dayamayee | தயாமயீ
Kind, Merciful
Boy/Male
Czechoslovakian
From Prague.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Triguni | தà¯à®°à¯€à®•à¯‚நீ
The three dimensions
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord of wealth, Star or name of a Nakshatra, Good little boy
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Eternity
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by an ash tree, from the Middle English phrase at(te) asche ‘at (the) ash’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of bags and purses, from German Tasche ‘bag’, ‘purse’. Compare Taschner.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Kashmiri, Muslim
Servant of the Most Compassionate
Girl/Female
Indian
(wife of the Lord of the sea)
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ray of beauty
ORACLE BONE
ORACLE BONE
ORACLE BONE
ORACLE BONE
ORACLE BONE
v. t.
To transport a vessel by means of a cradle.
n.
The color of an orange; reddish yellow.
n.
The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree.
n.
Alt. of Orache
n.
A miracle play.
adv.
In an oral manner.
a.
Of or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon.
imp. & p. p.
of Oracle
n.
In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icteridae. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard.
v. t.
To supply with heavenly grace.
n.
See Grackle.
n.
Arable land; plow land.
v. i.
To utter oracles.
v. i.
To lie or lodge, as in a cradle.
n.
One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icteridae; as, the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow.
a.
Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the future; as, an oracular tongue.
v. t.
To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.
n.
A kind of crackling sound or r/le, heard in some abnormal states of the lungs; as, dry crackle; moist crackle.
n.
See Treacle.
n.
Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle.