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International petroleum organization
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an intergovernmental cartel enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing
OPEC
OAPEC petroleum embargo
Countries (OPEC), was founded by five oil producing countries at a Baghdad conference on 14 September 1960. The five founding members of OPEC were Venezuela
1973_oil_crisis
Naturally occurring combustible liquid
within OPEC nations, with the Middle East alone accounting for 67.2 percent of OPEC's total reserves. In a series of steps in the 1960s and 1970s, OPEC restructured
Petroleum
countries, while about 32% came from the eleven members of OPEC. Members of OPEC+, which includes OPEC countries and their partners, accounted for approximately
List of countries by oil extraction
List_of_countries_by_oil_extraction
1975 hostage crisis in Vienna, Austria
semi-annual meeting of OPEC leaders in Vienna, Austria; they took more than 60 hostages after killing an Austrian policeman, an Iraqi OPEC security officer
OPEC_siege
statistics on this page are disputed and controversial — different sources (like OPEC, CIA World Factbook and oil companies) give different figures. Some of the
List of countries by proven oil reserves
List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves
kilometers), the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) (49,000 km3), and OPEC (48,810 km3). However, BP credits Russia with only 32,900 km3, which would
List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves
Spot price of a barrel of benchmark crude oil
crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western
Price_of_oil
Weighted average benchmark of crude oil prices from OPEC members
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB), also referred to as the OPEC Basket, is a weighted average of prices for petroleum blends produced by OPEC members. It
OPEC_Reference_Basket
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), based on the organization's official publications.[needs update] The secretary general is OPEC's chief executive officer
List of secretaries general of OPEC
List_of_secretaries_general_of_OPEC
Significant surplus of crude oil
preeminent position, and by 1981, its production was surpassed by non-OPEC countries. OPEC had seen its share of the world market drop to less than a third
1980s_oil_glut
Intergovernmental development finance institution
The OPEC Fund for International Development (OPEC Fund) is an intergovernmental development finance institution established in 1976 by the member states
OPEC Fund for International Development
OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development
Saudi Arabian politician (1930–2021)
and a minister in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) for 25 years. With degrees from institutions including New York University
Ahmed_Zaki_Yamani
Financial asset backed by a country's revenues from petroleum exports
are popular shorthand for revenues from petroleum exports, mainly from the OPEC members plus Russia and Norway. Especially during periods of historically
Petrocurrency
Nigerian politician (born 1960)
December 1960) is a Nigerian politician who was the first female president of OPEC. She became Nigeria's minister of transportation on 26 July 2007. She was
Diezani_Alison-Madueke
Global oil shortage due to geopolitics
revenues of OPEC also took a hit since they priced oil in dollars. Finally OPEC started pricing oil against gold to combat the situation. But OPEC still struggled
1970s_energy_crisis
Emirati businessman and politician
March 2020. "OPEC : OPEC 173rd Meeting concludes". www.opec.org. Retrieved 6 March 2020. "OPEC : OPEC 175th Meeting concludes". www.opec.org. Retrieved
Suhail_Al_Mazroui
dialogue between the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and Russia over proposed oil-production cuts in the midst of the COVID-19
2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
2020_Russia–Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war
Qatari politician (1952–2026)
petroleum. On 23 November 1993, al-Attiyah was named OPEC president and a member of the OPEC's quota compliance committee. On 12 January 1999, he also
Abdullah_bin_Hamad_al-Attiyah
Worldwide increase in crude oil prices following the Iranian Revolution
percent drop in worldwide production. OPEC production was surpassed by other exporters such as the United States, as OPEC member nations were divided amongst
1979_oil_crisis
Secretary General of OPEC since 2022
Secretary General of OPEC since 2022. Al-Ghais was born in October 1969 in Kuwait City, Kuwait. His father served as Kuwait's governor at OPEC. In 1990, he graduated
Haitham_al-Ghais
by country World energy supply and consumption "Natural Gas Production: OPEC: Marketed Production". CEIC Data. Retrieved 10 May 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1
List of countries by natural gas production
List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_production
Nigerian politician and engineer
past president of the OPEC conference with a tenure that expired in January 2016. He has chaired the 168th Meeting of the OPEC Conference held in Vienna
Ibe_Kachikwu
Iranian diplomat (1907–2004)
first Secretary-General of OPEC between 21 January 1961 and 30 April 1964. He is the only Iranian to hold this office from OPEC's establishment to date. Fuad
Fuad_Rouhani
(OPEC) 98,371,466 3,363,570 Norway 49,735,668 1,690,710 Brazil (OPEC+) 44,964,285 1,706,667 Kazakhstan (OPEC+) 42,878,761 1,425,750 Nigeria (OPEC)
List of countries by oil exports
List_of_countries_by_oil_exports
Intergovernmental organization
intend to create a gas cartel equivalent to OPEC which would set quotas and prices. The idea of a gas OPEC was first floated by Russian president Vladimir
Gas_Exporting_Countries_Forum
Medical college in Uttar Pradesh, India
college spreads over seventeen acres of land. MVASMC is associated with OPEC Hospital, its teaching hospital, which is spread across 34 acres. The college
Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College and OPEC Hospital, Basti
Maharshi_Vashishtha_Autonomous_State_Medical_College_and_OPEC_Hospital,_Basti
June 2016, according to the Office of the Private Education Commission (OPEC), which regulates the operation of all private schools in the country. This
List of international schools in Thailand
List_of_international_schools_in_Thailand
World oil market chronology between the years 2020-2022
agreed to further production cuts, though OPEC had a plan. Despite a forecast for lower demand, expectations of OPEC action led to three days of gains, with
2020–2022 world oil market chronology
2020–2022_world_oil_market_chronology
German Urban Guerrilla (1951–1995)
freed by the kidnapping of Peter Lorenz in 1975, then participated in the OPEC siege. In 1977, she was arrested in Switzerland after shooting two policemen
Gabriele_Kröcher-Tiedemann
over posted prices begin in Tehran between 6 OPEC Persian Gulf states and 22 oil companies. February 3: OPEC mandates "total embargo" against any company
Chronology of world oil market events
Chronology_of_world_oil_market_events
Venezuelan-born international terror operative (born 1949)
the 1975 raid on the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) headquarters in Vienna, during which three people were killed. He and five
Carlos_the_Jackal
50 percent to 55 percent. Iran and Kuwait follow in November. December 9: OPEC meeting in Caracas establishes 55 percent as minimum tax rate and demands
1970–1979 world oil market chronology
1970–1979_world_oil_market_chronology
Lebanese politician (1951–2021)
ideological sovereignty, he is most known for his involvement in the 1975 OPEC siege, his alignment with the Iranian Revolution, and his later role as a
Anis_al-Naqqash
Venezuelan politician (1903–1979)
politician and lawyer primarily responsible for the inception and creation of the OPEC, along with Saudi Arabian minister Abdullah Tariki. Born in Caracas, Venezuela
Juan_Pablo_Pérez_Alfonzo
Chronology of events affecting the oil market
the New York Mercantile Exchange, amid Libya's threat to cut output, and OPEC's president predicted prices may reach $170 by the Northern summer. The highest
World oil market chronology from 2003
World_oil_market_chronology_from_2003
Oil price pre-1980
between OPEC's posted price and the market price of oil. The following table shows variations in the posted price and the revenue received by OPEC countries
Posted_oil_price
List of countries by natural gas proven reserves "Natural Gas Production: OPEC: Marketed Production". CEIC Data. Retrieved 12 May 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1
List of countries by natural gas exports
List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports
Saudi politician (1919–1997)
and was co-founder of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Historian Eugene Rogan called him "one of the first Arab oil experts."
Abdullah_Tariki
Oil prices OPEC Reference Basket Dubai Crude Brent Crude West Texas Intermediate
Economic impact of the 2026 Iran war
Economic_impact_of_the_2026_Iran_war
Oversupply of oil in the 2010s
which it entered a sharp downward spiral, falling below $30 by January 2016. OPEC production was poised to rise further with the lifting of international sanctions
2010s_oil_glut
American journalist (1920–1992)
"Revisiting OPEC's Democratic Roots in the Age of Climate Emergency". E-International Relations. Retrieved 21 May 2023. "Revisiting OPEC's Democratic Roots
Wanda_Jablonski
بن جاسر الحربش) ended his third five-year term as Director-General of the OPEC Fund for International Development in October 2018. 2018 - Honorary Doctorate
Suleiman_Jasir_Al-Herbish
Reference price for trading of an oil commodity
Blend, and Dubai Crude. Other well-known blends include the OPEC Reference Basket used by OPEC, Tapis Crude which is traded in Singapore, Western Canadian
Benchmark_(crude_oil)
Airstrikes and capture of Nicolás Maduro
World's Oil". Statista, crediting OPEC and Canadian government. Archived from the original on 2 February 2026. OPEC omits Canada's oil-sands, estimated
2026 United States intervention in Venezuela
2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela
Oil reserves located in Venezuela
Retrieved 2008-01-05. "OPEC Facts and figures". Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010. OPEC data at opec.org EIA data Archived
Oil_reserves_in_Venezuela
American businessman
from Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela, and officially formed OPEC to coordinate petroleum policies and protect their collective interests.
Monroe_Jackson_Rathbone_II
International spending of petroleum export revenues
refers to the phenomenon of major petroleum-exporting states, mainly the OPEC members plus Russia and Norway, earning more money from the export of crude
Petrodollar_recycling
Largest publicly traded companies
oil-producing governments to take the initial steps to establish OPEC. The Seven Sisters threatened the OPEC founders that they would lose market access if they went
Big_Oil
Beginning of the 1990–1991 Gulf War
considerably above its mandatory OPEC quota and this had prevented a rise of crude oil prices. A lack of consensus among OPEC members undermined Iraq's efforts
Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait
G20 SCO RCEP APEC G4 OPEC NPC AU AL Economic classification Brazil 7th 10th 7th OPEC+ Newly industrialized Russia 9th 11th 4th OPEC+ Emerging India 1st
Member_states_of_BRICS
1980s economic history
inexpensive oil in 1981, forcing unprecedented price cuts by OPEC members. In October, all 13 OPEC members align on a compromise $32 per barrel benchmark.
1980–1989 world oil market chronology
1980–1989_world_oil_market_chronology
National occurrence of petroleum industry
a full member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and among African crude oil producers in 2022, the Congo ranked sixth.
Petroleum industry in the Republic of the Congo
Petroleum_industry_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo
Swedish activist (born 2003)
Merkel, French president Emmanuel Macron, Russian president Vladimir Putin, OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) and, repeatedly, U.S
Greta_Thunberg
founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The Indigenous peoples in Venezuela, like many ancient societies, already
History of the Venezuelan oil industry
History_of_the_Venezuelan_oil_industry
Transcontinental geopolitical region
World's Oil". Statista, crediting OPEC and Canadian government. Archived from the original on 2 February 2026. OPEC omits Canada's oil-sands, estimated
Middle_East
Egyptian diplomat (1937–2001)
appointed as Director General of the then OPEC Special Fund at its creation in 1976. Under his leadership, the OPEC Special Fund developed into the long-standing
Ibrahim_Shihata
Worldwide crisis affected by shortage of energy supplies
largely continued to operate. In October 2022, OPEC+ cut oil production by two million barrels per day. OPEC+ claimed it is trying to prevent price volatility
2020s_energy_crisis
Point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached
production. Analysts have suggested that OPEC member nations have economic incentives to exaggerate their reserves, as the OPEC quota system allows greater output
Peak_oil
Sour crude oil produced in Mexico
Before 2017, the oil was a component of the OPEC Reference Basket (despite Mexico's not being a part of OPEC). It has the following characteristics: Mexico
Isthmus-34_Light
However, in recent years it has cooperated increasingly closely with OPEC in the OPEC+ format. The Russian economy is heavily dependent on the export of
Energy_policy_of_Russia
Angolan politician
Exporting Countries (OPEC), which the country had joined in 2007. In 2009, Botelho de Vasconcelos served as President of the OPEC Conference. During his
José Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos
José_Maria_Botelho_de_Vasconcelos
January 1: The OPEC crude oil production quota cuts of 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m3) per day, announced on December 28, officially go into effect for
2002 world oil market chronology
2002_world_oil_market_chronology
Kuwait-based energy policy coordinating organization
Kuwait hosted separate meetings of both OAPEC and the Persian Gulf members of OPEC, including Iran. OAPEC resolved to cut oil production by 5% monthly "until
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
Organization_of_Arab_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries
Events affecting the oil market
years, while Brent crude reached $82.60, the lowest since November 2010. OPEC Members were not expected to act as increases in the U.S. supply resulting
2014–2016 world oil market chronology
2014–2016_world_oil_market_chronology
Sixfold rise in oil prices, peaking in 2008
poor. OPEC's annual oil export revenue surged to a new record in 2008, estimated around US$800 billion. According to informed observers, OPEC, meeting
2000s_energy_crisis
Events affecting the oil market
up 9 percent for the week, but down 2 percent for the month, to $75.67. OPEC and others planned to decrease production, which caused prices to jump 6
2023–2025 world oil market chronology
2023–2025_world_oil_market_chronology
English financial journalist
CNBC Europe's breakfast news programme Squawk Box Europe. He is also CNBC's OPEC reporter. Steve studied politics at the University of London. He also studied
Steve_Sedgwick_(journalist)
Oil company based in Ahmadi, Kuwait
approximately 2.4 million barrels per day (bpd), largely in line with its OPEC+ quota, while its sustainable production capacity is estimated at 2.9 million
Kuwait_Oil_Company
Some of the major oilfields of the past and present
and gas fields of the North Sea OAPEC Oil megaprojects Oil shale reserves OPEC Petrol Petroleum Reservoir Li Guoyu (2010), World Atlas of Oil and Gas Basins
List_of_oil_fields
on 27 March 2026. Retrieved 7 April 2026. "2025 OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin" (PDF). opec.org. OPEC. 4 July 2025. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original
2026_Iran_war_fuel_crisis
Classification of crude oil that serves as a major worldwide benchmark price
typical price difference per barrel of between ±3 USD/bbl compared to WTI and OPEC Basket; however, since the autumn of 2010 Brent has been priced much higher
Brent_Crude
(OPEC)-agreed oil production targets. Hugo Chávez maintained a policy of strict adherence to OPEC quotas and played a leading role in shifting OPEC from
Mining_in_Venezuela
Indonesian politician (born 1951)
Mineral Resources from 2000 to 2009. He also served as secretary-general of OPEC in 2004. Loyola College High School, Semarang Engineering Degree, Bandung
Purnomo_Yusgiantoro
State energy regulatory agency in Texas, USA
1930s to the 1960s, it largely set world oil prices, but was displaced by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) after 1973. In 1984, the
Railroad_Commission_of_Texas
1970 terrorist attack on a Boeing 727
Paris café attack (September 15, 1974) Orly Airport attacks (January, 1975) OPEC siege (December 21, 1975) Yeşilköy airport attack (August 11, 1976) Orly
Olympic_Airways_Flight_255
Emirati politician and writer (born 1946)
Moroccan Academy under King Hassan II. Mana Al Otaiba served as President of OPEC six times, for its 26th, 52nd, 53rd, 54th, 62nd and 63rd conferences, held
Mana_Al_Otaiba
Prime Minister of Iran from 1977 to 1978
nine years. From 1965 to 1974, he headed several ordinary meetings of the OPEC. In 1971, he and Saudi Oil Minister Ahmed Zaki Yamani were instrumental in
Jamshid_Amouzegar
Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979
such a thing was possible. Prior to the 1973 oil embargo, Iran spearheaded OPEC's aim for higher oil prices. When raising oil prices, Iran would point out
Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi
Economic turmoil associated with the pandemic
described Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war, which after failing to reach an OPEC+ agreement resulted in a collapse of crude oil prices and a stock market
Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic
Country in West Asia
making it an active belligerent. The UAE announced its decision to quit OPEC on 28 April 2026 effective 1 May 2026, partially to allow increased oil production
United_Arab_Emirates
Attack by Palestinian group in Turkey
Paris café attack (September 15, 1974) Orly Airport attacks (January, 1975) OPEC siege (December 21, 1975) Yeşilköy airport attack (August 11, 1976) Orly
1976_Yeşilköy_airport_attack
President of the United Arab Emirates since 2022
in an economic rivalry with Saudi Arabia, and opposed Saudi efforts for OPEC+ production cuts. Mohamed bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was born at Oasis
Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan
Mutually beneficial collusion among competing corporations
on an international basis; examples of international cartels include the OPEC cartel to collude on oil production and the International Rubber Regulation
Cartel
Country in Southeast Asia and Oceania
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Comprising over 17
Indonesia
Government entity
focus on government objectives and meeting the needs of society. In most OPEC countries, the governments own the oil companies operating on their soil
State-owned_enterprise
2010 film directed by Olivier Assayas
and his fellow terrorists wreak havoc on the Left Bank in Paris, storm OPEC's headquarters in Vienna, and carry out other devastating acts of politically
Carlos_(miniseries)
Refuge, which remains closed to oil and gas drilling. (WP) February 11: OPEC delegates meeting in Algiers agree to lower the cartel's output ceiling by
2004 world oil market chronology
2004_world_oil_market_chronology
Nigerian politician (1959–2022)
of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. He helped to create the OPEC+ alliance between OPEC members and other oil-producing countries. Barkindo previously
Mohammed_Barkindo
production and inventories up, even a lower dollar and decreased production by OPEC nations did not cause oil prices to rise as much as they could have. WTI
2017–2019 world oil market chronology
2017–2019_world_oil_market_chronology
Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse
Kaiser 1977 Lucky Ruler 1978 Sakura Shori 1979 Katsurano Haiseiko 1980s 1980 Opec Horse 1981 Katsu Top Ace 1982 Bamboo Atlas 1983 Mr. C. B. ₩ 1984 Symboli
Fusaichi_Concorde
Type of unconventional oil deposit
contribute to energy security and counteract the international price cartel OPEC.[citation needed] According to the Oil Climate Index, carbon emissions from
Oil_sands
Iranian politician
state of Iran dealing with international economic relations in regards to OPEC, Paris Conference on International Economic Cooperation, CIEC (1976–77),
Mohammad_Yeganeh
Former Italian oil company
Light Brent Dubai Indian Basket Indonesian Isthmus-34 Light Japan Cocktail OPEC Reference Basket Tapis Urals West Texas Intermediate Western Canadian Select
TotalErg
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) since 1969. It also participates in the OPEC+ agreement, collaborating with non-OPEC oil-producing nations. Historically
Energy_in_Algeria
Co-operation Development (OECD) OPEC Fund for International Development (OPEC Fund) Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC) West African Development
List of intergovernmental organizations
List_of_intergovernmental_organizations
Economic sanction following the Russian invasion of Ukraine
its roughly 10m bpd comes into the OPEC+ number of around 40m bpd in 2022. Some OPEC delegates attending an OPEC meeting in Vienna on 4 December 2022
2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions
2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions
Iraqi politician, tribal leader and economist
to Vienna in 1976 and joined the OPEC Secretariat as Head of Economics and Finance, overseeing the creation of the OPEC Fund. Returned to Iraq in 1981 as
Adnan_al-Janabi
World's Oil". Statista, crediting OPEC and Canadian government. Archived from the original on 2 February 2026. OPEC omits Canada's oil-sands, estimated
Oil_by_country
Resounding inquiry by Juan Carlos I to Hugo Chavez
called for OPEC to "assert itself as an active political agent" at the OPEC summit in Saudi Arabia's capital, Riyadh. In a followup at the OPEC summit, Reuters
¿Por_qué_no_te_callas?
OPEC
OPEC
OPEC
OPEC
Girl/Female
Hebrew Latin American
God's able-bodied one. Feminine of Gabriel.
Girl/Female
English
Medieval English form of the Irish Caitlin. Pure.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Dew
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Star
Boy/Male
Tamil
Priyaranjan | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®°à®‚ஜந
Beloved
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
King Henry the Eighth' Lord Sandys.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Blue name of a companion of the Prophet
Girl/Female
Muslim
Soul, Gods blessing, A mosque
Girl/Female
Tamil
Laugh
OPEC
OPEC
OPEC
OPEC
OPEC