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Programming language for music synthesis
Nyquist is a programming language for sound synthesis based on the Lisp programming language. It is an extension of the XLISP dialect of Lisp, and is named
Nyquist (programming language)
Nyquist_(programming_language)
Swedish-American physicist (1889–1976)
Nyquist filter Nyquist plot Nyquist ISI criterion Nyquist (programming language) Nyquist stability criterion "Harry Nyquist". Physics Today. 29 (6): 64
Harry_Nyquist
Sufficiency theorem for reconstructing signals from samples
The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is a theorem in the field of signal processing which serves as a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Topics referred to by the same term
Nyquist may refer to: Nyquist (surname) Nyquist (horse), winner of the 2016 Kentucky Derby Nyquist (programming language), computer programming language
Nyquist
Programming language family
(historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix
Lisp_(programming_language)
Programming languages optimized for sound production
II, III, IV, IV-B, IV-BF, V, 11, and 360 Nyquist OpenMusic Pure Data, a modular visual programming language for signal processing aimed at music creation
List of audio programming languages
List_of_audio_programming_languages
Graphical method of determining the stability of a dynamical system
In control theory and stability theory, the Nyquist stability criterion or Strecker–Nyquist stability criterion, independently discovered by the German
Nyquist_stability_criterion
Lisp software and development tools
This is a list of software and programming tools for the Lisp programming language, which includes frameworks, libraries, IDEs, build tools, and related
List of Lisp software and tools
List_of_Lisp_software_and_tools
Differing behavior by identically-coded programs when compiled
programming, unspecified behavior is behavior that may vary on different implementations of a programming language.[clarification needed] A program can
Unspecified_behavior
Software projects developed at universities
data-parallel programming language (Carnegie Mellon) Nyquist – sound synthesis and composition language (Carnegie Mellon) Oberon – systems programming language (ETH
List of software developed at universities
List_of_software_developed_at_universities
Set of rules defining correctly structured C++ program
Mats; Nyquist, Erik (1997). Industrial Strength C++. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-120965-5. Stroustrup, Bjarne (2000). The C++ Programming Language (Special ed
C++_syntax
Research and scientific development company
device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK, AMPL, and others, throughout the 20th
Bell_Labs
Open-source digital audio editor and recording software
with Dannenberg remaining at CMU and continuing development of Nyquist, a scripting language which Audacity uses for some effects. Over the years, additional
Audacity_(audio_editor)
American programmer and tech executive (born 1961)
computer programmer and technology executive. He created the JavaScript programming language and co-founded the Mozilla project, the Mozilla Foundation, and the
Brendan_Eich
Israeli academic and engineer
the Northeastern University, Boston known for her pioneering work on sub-Nyquist sampling. Eldar was born in Toronto, Canada. She is the third daughter
Yonina_Eldar
Programming language implementations
Lisp-Stat, an environment for dynamic graphics and statistics with objects. Nyquist is an extension of XLISP for sound synthesis. ANIMAL (AN IMage ALgebra)
XLISP
synthesis and processing. Nyquist, Lisp-based language for sound generation and analysis. Audacity supports plug-ins written in Nyquist. Sonic Pi, live coding
List_of_Linux_audio_software
Japanese public broadcaster
of its programs available on the Internet. NHK was the first broadcaster in the world to broadcast in high-definition (using multiple sub-Nyquist sampling
NHK
Software for simulation of dynamic systems
and code generation Frequency domain analysis (Bode plot, Root locus, Nyquist plot) Global optimization of system parameters Neural networks OPC (OLE
VisSim
Branch of engineering and mathematics
1930s. Harry Nyquist developed the Nyquist stability criterion for feedback systems in the 1930s. Richard Bellman developed dynamic programming in the 1940s
Control_theory
2018 Norwegian TV series or program
(boyfriend: Nils Jørgen Kaalstad), Kjersti Tveterås (boyfriend: Mattis Herman Nyquist) and Renate Reinsve. Tveterås' character also has a freeloading brother
Nesten_voksen
networks, which allow distribution of programming over a wide geographic area. Video recording methods allow programming to be edited and replayed for later
History_of_television
Type of data structure
Mats; Nyquist, Erik (1997). Industrial Strength C++. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-120965-5. ISO/IEC (2003). ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E): Programming Languages - C++
C++_classes
Characteristic of an optical system
'blurred' in everyday language. Taking the example of a current high definition (HD) video system, with 1920 by 1080 pixels, the Nyquist theorem states that
Optical_transfer_function
Device that plays LaserDisc discs
of a high-definition video player models, which employed multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE) technology. In 1996, Pioneer distributed their
LaserDisc_player
High-definition television standard
recorded in the same standard to this day. In 1984, the MUSE (Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding) system was developed, which used digital technology
Hi-Vision
Digital description of a typographical font
frequencies of the font's details approaching or surpassing the spatial Nyquist frequency of the display.[citation needed] Measures such as font hinting
Computer_font
Overview of computer engineering topics
development Extreme programming Structured systems analysis and design method List of software development philosophies Programming language generations Comparison
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
Electrical engineers graphical calculator
Binary tiling Bode plot cis (mathematics) Heyland–Ossanna circle diagram Nyquist plot Transversal (instrument making) Both the reflection coefficient, Γ
Smith_chart
American mathematician (1916–2001)
computer science Models of communication n-gram Noisy channel coding theorem Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem One-time pad Product cipher Pulse-code modulation
Claude_Shannon
American animated television science fiction series
figure, Rath, Providence Agent (1st time), Huckster, Vostok, Pyreptryx, Nyquist, Biruta, Umpire, Infected 2, Human EVO, Lunk, Waiter (1st time), Payson
Generator_Rex
Software testing tool
Bibcode:2006Compr..39f..95H. doi:10.1109/MC.2006.212. S2CID 7334261. Henricson, Mats; Nyquist, Erik (1997). Industrial Strength C++. Prentice-Hall PTR. ISBN 978-0131209657
ECLAIR
the existing free software audio packages. Many computer music programming languages are implemented in free software. See also the comparison of audio
Comparison of free software for audio
Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio
Scientific study of digital information
early contributions were made in the 1920s through the works of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley. Information theory was initially formed in the context
Information_theory
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
efficiency, with a total symbol rate near the Nyquist rate for the equivalent baseband signal (i.e., near half the Nyquist rate for the double-side band physical
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Topics referred to by the same term
Mac Muse, a Czech paraglider design Muse cell, a stem cell Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding, a Japanese analog HDTV television standard MUSE LaserDisc
Muse_(disambiguation)
Mathematical signal manipulation by computers
from a finite set. Rounding real numbers to integers is an example. The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that a signal can be exactly reconstructed
Digital_signal_processing
Mexican multimedia mass media company
Kyōkai), began its first broadcast in HDTV, using the Japanese Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling Encoding MUSE system, the first in Latin America. Between 1993
Televisa
Branch of physics
simulation run, provided the time step is small enough to satisfy the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem for the desired highest frequency. FDTD belongs
Computational electromagnetics
Computational_electromagnetics
Type of feedforward neural network
of the input. However, layers with a stride greater than one ignore the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and might lead to aliasing of the input signal
Convolutional_neural_network
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
Medicine. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2022. Ziegler C, Allon SJ, Nyquist SK, Mbano IM, Miao VN, Tzouanas CN, et al. (28 May 2020). "SARS-CoV-2 Receptor
COVID-19
Number of states of a cybernetic system
internal model of their environment to persist and achieve stability (e.g. Nyquist stability criterion) or dynamic equilibrium. Boisot and McKelvey updated
Variety_(cybernetics)
Spectral density estimation technique
interval between observations be Δ t {\displaystyle \Delta t} , so that the Nyquist frequency is f N = 1 / ( 2 Δ t ) {\displaystyle f_{N}=1/(2\Delta t)} .
Multitaper
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
digital data to represent the signal to the desired degree of fidelity. The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem provides an important guideline as to how much
Digital_electronics
List of definitions of terms and concepts used in electrical engineering and electronics
common in consumer electronics. Nyquist frequency The maximum frequency that a sampling system can represent accurately. Nyquist stability criterion A graphical
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
Computer program that generates audio
followed Mathews' work with Music 11, and went on to develop the audio programming language Csound at the MIT Media Lab in 1985. In 1986, Aegis released Sonix
Software_synthesizer
75–76. Rio, "Self-sale", p. 680, n. 18, citing Digest 48.19.14. Mary Nyquist, Arbitrary Rule: Slavery, Tyranny, and the Power of Life and Death (University
Slavery_in_ancient_Rome
(Nagano–Sussmann) (control theory) Kraft–McMillan theorem (coding theory) Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem (information theory) Shannon–Hartley theorem (information
List_of_theorems
Data format used for audio compact discs
August 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2022. The Nyquist rate is twice the bandwidth of the signal ... The Nyquist frequency or folding frequency is half the
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
the picture typically caused by insufficient sampling (violation of the Nyquist sampling rate) in the analog to digital conversion process or poor filtering
Glossary_of_video_terms
Extreme sports tournament
Lavin takes the gold medal in BMX Dirt, edging out Brian Foster and Ryan Nyquist. Dave Mirra takes his second gold medal in BMX Street. In the debut of
X_Games
theoretical work in telecommunications technology was developed by Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley in the 1920s. Information theory, as enunciated by Claude
History_of_the_Internet
Triarylmethane dye
doi:10.1007/s10096-010-1131-8. PMC 3076549. PMID 21210170. Berman, Stephen; Nyquist, Christine; Lynch, Julia A.; Gentile, Ángela. Module 5. Management of Prevalent
Crystal_violet
impeding his abilities to be an effective president. His successor, Dr. Paul Nyquist, became the ninth president of Moody Global Ministries on October 23, 2009
Michael_J._Easley
Sub-discipline of electrical engineering
analysis and design: root loci, Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation
Electronics_engineering
Loop that increases an initial effect
itself but rather on its effect on the amplifier's gain. In contrast, Nyquist and Bode, when they built on Black's work, referred to negative feedback
Positive_feedback
Technique for reducing low-resolution image distortion
filter is to greatly reduce frequencies above a certain limit, known as the Nyquist frequency, so that the signal will be accurately represented by its samples
Spatial_anti-aliasing
Object detection system using radio waves
frequency shift is less than half of F R {\displaystyle F_{R}} , called the Nyquist frequency, since the returned frequency otherwise cannot be distinguished
Radar
Sacred site and oracle of Ancient Greece
1440-2807.2013.02.04. S2CID 220659867. Castro, Belen; Liritzis, Ioannis; Nyquist, Anne (2015). "Oracular Functioning And Architecture of Five Ancient Apollo
Delphi
Ssimulation environment for fluid and mechatronic systems
spectrums and performing frequency analysis to generate Bode diagrams and Nyquist plots. Hopsan models can be exported to Simulink. Plot data can be exported
Hopsan
American TV comedy series (1999–2004)
game of billiards by Hilary; Elliot enters the body of BMX rider Ryan Nyquist. 62 22 "Player Faker" Unknown Unknown November 8, 2003 (2003-11-08) 220
The_Jersey
Overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering
Digital-to-analog converter Continuous signal, Discrete signal Down sampling Nyquist frequency Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem Oversampling Sample and hold Sampling
Outline of electrical engineering
Outline_of_electrical_engineering
participate at the Winter Olympics. Women's ice hockey was added to the program in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
List of Olympic medalists in ice hockey
List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_ice_hockey
Non-linear digital filtering technique to remove noise
this in turn is a constant. Implementation written in different programming languages (on Rosetta Code) Dr Dobbs article 100+ Times Faster Weighted Median
Median_filter
Month of 1976
Harry Nyquist, 87, Swedish physicist and specialist in signal processing, for whom the Nyquist stability criterion, the Nyquist rate and the Nyquist frequency
April_1976
1898 United States Supreme Court case
Amendment. The heated debate on the proposed new language in the Senate focused on whether Howard's proposed language would apply more broadly than the wording
United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark
Particular teaching role at some universities
(1991). "Teaching assistant training: A view from the trenches". In J. D. Nyquist; R. D. Abbott; D. H. Wulff; J. Sprague (eds.). Preparing the professorate
Teaching_fellow
Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1940–1949)
Peter Goldmark Abraham Maslow J. Robert Oppenheimer John von Neumann Harry Nyquist Claude Shannon Alan Turing Robert Watson-Watt Norbert Wiener Rita Hayworth
1940s
Video mode
cable transmission. The origins of 1080i can be traced from Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding, a Japanese analog high-definition television system
1080i
Science. The earlier pioneers such as Nicolas Minorsky (1885–1970), Harry Nyquist (1889–1976), Harold Locke Hazen (1901–1980), Charles Stark Draper (1901–1987)
List of people in systems and control
List_of_people_in_systems_and_control
Numerical analysis technique
critical point terms. This approximation can be obtained using open fitting programs and does not necessarily have physical meaning. Once the computational
Finite-difference time-domain method
Finite-difference_time-domain_method
Political principle in the United States
668, 673 (1984) Committee for Public Education & Religious Liberty v. Nyquist, 413 U.S. 756, 760 (1973) Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U.S. 306, 312 (U.S. 1952)
Separation of church and state in the United States
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
thermal noise in electric circuits, predating the discovery of the Johnson–Nyquist noise. 1918: Emmy Noether created Noether's theorem explaining the connection
Women_in_physics
Process of forming order by local interactions
requires internal models for self-organized endurance and stability (e.g. Nyquist stability criterion). Warren McCulloch proposed "Redundancy of Potential
Self-organization
for their advocacy of contemporary music. JPL · 6623 6625 Nyquist 1981 EX41 Laurence E. Nyquist (born 1939), American planetary scientist JPL · 6625 6626
Meanings of minor-planet names: 6001–7000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_6001–7000
Process of removing noise from a signal
nearby signal energy. This can be done manually, much like in a paint program, by drawing pictures. Another way is to define a dynamic threshold for
Noise_reduction
Shannon, the "father of information theory", mathematically proves the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. 1957 – Gordon Gould invents the laser and the
History_of_communication
British mathematician and historian of science (1873–1956)
previous attendees, who stated that his "clear diction, his felicity of language and his enthusiasm could not fail to evoke a response" and that he was
E._T._Whittaker
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
the rate of 44,100 samples per second. This sample rate was based on the Nyquist rate of 40,000 samples per second required to capture the audible frequency
Optical_disc
filter NTSC Nuclear power Numerical control Nuvistor Nyquist frequency Nyquist stability criterion Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem Observability Occupations
Index of electrical engineering articles
Index_of_electrical_engineering_articles
code Harry Nyquist (Ph.D. 1917), engineer known for the Nyquist theorem John Ousterhout (B.S. 1975), creator of the Tcl programming language Ronald Rivest
List of Yale University people
List_of_Yale_University_people
TV resolution standard
standard was known as Hi-Vision and used a system called MUSE (multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding) for encoding the signal. It required about twice the
High-definition_television
Private liberal arts college in St. Peter, Minnesota, US
acting principal 1874–76 John J. Frodeen, principal 1873–74 Jonas P. Nyquist, 1876–81 Matthias Wahlstrom, 1881–1904 Peter A. Mattson, 1904–11 Jacob
Gustavus_Adolphus_College
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
double layer capacitor (ELDC) these resistance values can be derived from a Nyquist plot of the capacitor's complex impedance. ESR is dependent on frequency
Capacitor_types
Finnish sitcom and mockumentary
Petäjävirta Kaisla Puura as OP Hartikainen Mazdak Nassir as Farzin Jan Nyquist [fi] as Teppo Malinen Paula Siimes [fi] as Aune Leo Honkonen [fi] as Ripa
Konttori
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
theorem (FDT) which was originally formulated in classical form by Nyquist (1928) as an explanation for observed Johnson noise in electric circuits
Zero-point_energy
Family of personal computers sold by Commodore
high-frequency aliasing when the Amiga is using a lower sampling rate (see Nyquist frequency). The brightness of the Amiga's power LED is used to indicate
Amiga
1980's high-definition analog broadcast television standard
ETSI specification of the D2-HDMAC/Packet system (ETS 300 352), 10.2.2 Nyquist filtering Grimaldi, J.; Thoumy, F.; Duhamel, H. (September 10, 1990). "Up
HD-MAC
Series of techniques in optical microscopy
state). Also, a densely labeled sample is desirable, according to the Nyquist criteria. The multitude of localization microscopy methods differ mostly
Super-resolution_microscopy
Physical point in a raster image
grids is an active research area, attempting to bypass the traditional Nyquist limit. Pixels on computer monitors are normally "square" (that is, have
Pixel
Calendar year
Alfred Lennon, father of musician John Lennon (b. 1912) April 4 – Harry Nyquist, American information theory pioneer (b. 1889) April 5 – Howard Hughes
1976
Excessive displeasing noise
Retrieved 2018-11-05. "Tinnitus and Hyperacusis: Overview". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved
Noise_pollution
Device used in television cameras
to produce early analog high-definition television using multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE). Originally developed by Toshiba in 1972 as chalnicon
Video_camera_tube
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
AC-3 Audio Coding Standards". IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing. 19 (5): 1231–1241. Bibcode:2011ITASL..19.1231B. doi:10.1109/TASL
Discrete_cosine_transform
including Kjartan Fløgstad, Mari Osmundsen, Hans Herbjørnsrud, Arild Nyquist, Jan Kjærstad and Ragnar Hovland produced works with magical, fantastic
Norwegian_literature
Converts light into current
leakage current of a good PIN diode is so low (<1 nA) that the Johnson–Nyquist noise of the load resistance in a typical circuit often dominates. Avalanche
Photodiode
British-naturalised Russian defector (1962–2006)
the original on 7 September 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2010. ( at WebCite) Nyquist, J.R. (20 November 2006). "Kremlin Poison". Financial Sense Online. Archived
Alexander_Litvinenko
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
{\overline {x[n-1]}}} . If the demodulated signal is sampled at or above Nyquist, this allows for recovery of near-instantaneous phase changes. In 1968
Frequency_modulation
engineer, founding member of the National Academy of Engineering Harry Nyquist, Swedish-born, engineer, important contributor to information theory John
List_of_Swedish_Americans
Day of the year
songwriter 1989 – Jefferson Montero, Ecuadorian footballer 1989 – Gustav Nyquist, Swedish ice hockey player 1990 – Aisling Loftus, English actress 1990
September_1
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France named with Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’, a word with cognates in most Germanic languages. Compare Hay.English : variant spelling of Haigh.Irish (County Cavan) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Thaidhg (see McCaig).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Intoxicating
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sambhurish | ஸமà¯à®ªà¯à®°à¯€à®·
Lord Shiva
Female
Chinese
morning sunlight.
Male
Native American
Native American Sioux name AMITOLA means "rainbow." This name comes from a legend that says that the first colorful picture was painted on the clouds by a young Indian chief named Amitola.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Jaden, JADYN means "jade."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Beautiful
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Celebrity, English, Hebrew, Indian
Falcon; Blend of Mary and Lynn; Bitter
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Life; Near Heart
Male
Hebrew
(×žÖ°× Ö·×—Öµ×) Hebrew name MENACHEM means "comforter." In the bible, this is the name of a king of Israel who was notorious for his cruelty.
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Garden
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
NYQUIST PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
prep.
Against; as, John Doe versus Richard Roe; -- chiefly used in legal language, and abbreviated to v. or vs.
n.
A translation; that which is rendered from another language; as, the Common, or Authorized, Version of the Scriptures (see under Authorized); the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament.
a.
Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.
n.
The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
a.
Hence, lacking cultivation or refinement; rustic; boorish; also, offensive to good taste or refined feelings; low; coarse; mean; base; as, vulgar men, minds, language, or manners.
n.
A list or collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and explained; a dictionary or lexicon, either of a whole language, a single work or author, a branch of science, or the like; a word-book.
n.
Command; precept; -- now chiefly used in scriptural language.
n.
Grossness or clownishness of manners of language; absence of refinement; coarseness.
v. t.
To communicate by language; to express in language.
imp. & p. p.
of Language
n.
Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk.
a.
Not correct or pure; corrupt; as, vicious language; vicious idioms.
n.
Acquisition; gain.
n. pl.
A Romanic people inhabiting that part of Belgium which comprises the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Liege, and Luxembourg, and about one third of Brabant; also, the language spoken by this people. Used also adjectively.
n.
Language; words; speech; expression; signification of feeling or opinion.
n.
Literally, world's speech; the name of an artificial language invented by Johan Martin Schleyer, of Constance, Switzerland, about 1879.
n.
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
a.
Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent.
n.
The vernacular, or common language.