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Plants that live in association with ants
Myrmecophytes (/mərˈmɛkəfaɪt/; literally "ant-plant") are plants that live in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants. There are over 100 different
Myrmecophyte
Genus of ants
plants and trees, such as thorns or branches; these hosts are known as myrmecophytes. Tetraponera species are closely related to the New World genus of ants
Tetraponera
Structure in plants
and eventually undergo abscission from the plant. Glands are used by myrmecophyte plants to feed their ant symbiotes.[citation needed] "Gland". Dictionary
Gland_(botany)
Species of legume
the African mahogany, afzelia, lenke, lengue, apa, or doussi, is a Myrmecophyte tree species in the family Fabaceae. It occurs in Benin, Burkina Faso
Afzelia_africana
Species of flowering plant
Duroia hirsuta is a myrmecophyte tree species from the Amazon Forest. It is one of some 37 species of Duroia, which are shrubs or canopy trees in the family
Duroia_hirsuta
Kingdom of organisms
gut; others have hooks that enable them to attach to a mammal's fur. Myrmecophytes are plants that have coevolved with ants. The plant provides a home
Plant
Species of fern
species of epiphytic fern, native to tropical South America. It is a myrmecophyte, producing domatia in its rhizome which ants live. "Microgramma megalophylla
Microgramma_megalophylla
Species of plant
Southeast Asia and is considered critically endangered in Singapore. It is a myrmecophyte as ants live in its tuber, also known as a caudex, and pollinate its
Hydnophytum_formicarum
Terrestrial invertebrate, order Opisthopora
M. (May 2006). "Co-existence of ants and an arboreal earthworm in a myrmecophyte of the Indian Western Ghats: anti-predation effect of the earthworm mucus"
Earthworm
Nettle family of plants
Urtica (80 species), and Cecropia (75 species). Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes. Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, but most species are found
Urticaceae
Species of ant
Pseudomyrmex spinicola is a species of red myrmecophyte-inhabiting neotropical ants which are found only in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. They live in the
Pseudomyrmex_spinicola
Species of fern
mutualistic relationship with stingless shelter ants, which makes it a myrmecophyte. The ant species associated with L. sinuosa belong within the genera
Lecanopteris_sinuosa
Species of plant
up to 15 cm (6 in) thick that provide shelter for ants, making this a myrmecophyte as well as a succulent similar to others in this genus. "Lecanopteris
Lecanopteris_carnosa
Species of plant
8 in) in diameter. This rhizome forms a shelter for ants, making this a myrmecophyte, though unlike others of its genus the rhizome is flattened and doesn't
Lecanopteris_mirabilis
Species of legume
known as bullhorn acacia (family Fabaceae), is a swollen-thorn tree and myrmecophyte native to Mexico and Central America. The common name of "bullhorn" refers
Vachellia_cornigera
Species of pitcher plant from Borneo
endemic to Borneo. It is a vine up to 40 m (130 ft) length. It is a myrmecophyte noted for its mutualistic association with a species of ant, Camponotus
Nepenthes_bicalcarata
Genus of ants
pollinating flowers. For example, the orchid Leporella fimbriata is a myrmecophyte which can only be pollinated by the winged male ant M. urens. Pollination
Myrmecia_(ant)
Positive interspecies associations between ants and other organisms
including the Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, and Orchidaceae. In general, myrmecophytes (or ant plants) usually provide some form of shelter and food in exchange
Myrmecophily
Species of tree
range, including Hawaii and southern Africa. This species of tree is a myrmecophyte and it has a mutualistic relationship with ants, including Pseudomyrmex
Triplaris_americana
Genus of legumes
partner: experiments with protective and non-protective ants in a semi-myrmecophyte". Oecologia. 145 (1): 76–86. Bibcode:2005Oecol.145...76G. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0107-3
Humboldtia
Ability of plants to obtain nutrients from ants
insects thrown out by the ants are absorbed by the lenticular warts in myrmecophytes like Hydnophytum and Myrmecodia. Myrmecodia uses its lenticular warts
Myrmecotrophy
Species of ant
own herbicide, they kill off all the plants in an area except for the myrmecophytes, or ant-plants, in which they reside. M. schumanni live in large clearings
Myrmelachista_schumanni
Species of tropical tree
southeastern Nigeria. It is divided into four sub-species, of which three are myrmecophytes. Leonardoxa africana subsp. africana Leonardoxa africana subsp. gracilicaulis
Leonardoxa_africana
Genus of flowering plants
food, but many herbivores avoid these plants; most Cecropia spp. are myrmecophytes, housing dolichoderine ants of the genus Azteca, which vigorously defend
Cecropia
Plant structure
Tetraponera make their nests. Plants that provide myrmecodomatia are called myrmecophytes. The variety of the plants that provide myrmecodomatia, and the ranges
Domatium
its host myrmecophyte Barteria fistulosa (Passifloraceae) through aggressiveness and predation: HOW A PLANT ANT PROTECTS ITS HOST MYRMECOPHYTE". Biological
Ants of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ants_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Chemical compound
an antifungal agent, including as a post-harvest fruit preservative. Myrmecophyte, a plant that lives in a mutualistic association with ants Synomone,
Trans-2-Hexenal
Genus of epiphytes
Hydnophytum is a genus of epiphytic myrmecophytes (ant plants) native to Southeast Asia, the Pacific region and also extending into Queensland in northern
Hydnophytum
Species of legume
Vachellia collinsii, previously Acacia collinsii, is a species of flowering plant native to Central America and parts of Africa. Vachellia collinsii is
Vachellia_collinsii
Genus of orchids
including the Anglesea area and outer Melbourne suburbs. This orchid is a myrmecophyte and is pollinated by a male bull-ant (Myrmecia urens, Family Formicidae)
Leporella
and possibly the only nutrient for ants inhabiting Central American myrmecophytes. Phytophagous mites such as Tetranychus kanzawai have been observed
Pearl_body
Genus of ferns
Lecanopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of
Lecanopteris
Species of true bug
assassin among predators: the relationship between plant-ants, their host myrmecophytes and the Reduviidae Zelus annulosus". PLoS ONE. 5 (10) e13110. Bibcode:2010PLoSO
Zelus_annulosus
Genus of plants
Squamellaria is a genus of myrmecophytic flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It includes eight species native to the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and
Squamellaria
Species of ant
sites. This ant is also known to live in mutualistic association with myrmecophytes. While the ant protects these plants from herbivores, it also has negative
Crematogaster_dohrni
Species of epiphyte
d. Retrieved January 4, 2025. Janzen, Daniel H. (1974). "Epiphytic Myrmecophytes in Sarawak: Mutualism Through the Feeding of Plants by Ants". Biotropica
Myrmecodia_tuberosa
Species of ant
Borges (2006). "Co-existence of ants and an arboreal earthworm in a myrmecophyte of the Indian Western Ghats: anti-predation effect of the earthworm mucus"
Polyrhachis_gracilior
Seed dispersal by ants
by limitations in the ranges of native ant populations. Myrmecophily Myrmecophyte Daniel Simberloff; Marcel Rejmánek, eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of biological
Myrmecochory
Genus of carnivorous plants
phosphatase into its tanks. Another species, Brocchinia acuminata, is ant-fed myrmecophyte, apparently depending in part on nutrients and dead nestmates dropping
Brocchinia
Nutritious parts of some plants
A Beltian body is a detachable tip found on the pinnules of some species of Acacia and closely related genera. Beltian bodies, named after Thomas Belt
Beltian_body
Species of ant
pollination by ants is somewhat rare, the orchid Leporella fimbriata is a myrmecophyte which can only be pollinated by the winged males of this species. Pollination
Myrmecia_urens
Species of flowering plant
Piper fimbriulatum is a species of plant in the family Piperaceae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss. Mitré
Piper_fimbriulatum
Tribe of plants
representatives are found in the tropics and subtropics. Several genera are Myrmecophytes (ant plants) Currently accepted names Amaracarpus Blume (30 sp.) - Seychelles
Psychotrieae
study of ants myrmecophily association of various organisms with ants myrmecophyte plant that lives in a mutualistic association with ants nanitic a worker
Glossary_of_ant_terms
English geologist and naturalist
ant we now know as Pseudomyrmex spinicola. These are a species of red myrmecophyte-inhabiting neotropical ants which are found only in Nicaragua and Costa
Thomas_Belt
Genus of epiphytes
others being Anthorrhiza, Hydnophytum, Myrmephytum, and Squamellaria. Myrmecophytes, or ant plants, live in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants
Myrmecodia
Species of ant
rainforest that resides in the undergrowth. It is also an example of a myrmecophyte, because it contains ant-domatia, leaf pouches and hollow chambers where
Allomerus_decemarticulatus
Species of butterfly
of Arhopala that exhibit myrmecoxeny despite its host plants being myrmecophytes of Crematogaster decamera (Macaranga beccariana and Macaranga hypoleuca)
Arhopala_zylda
Species of diving ant
and slippery and has a longer operational lifespan. Nepenthes infauna Myrmecophyte Mutualism (biology) Stärcke, A. (1933). "Contribution a l'étude de la
Colobopsis_schmitzi
Species of flowering plant
Cecropia obtusifolia is a species of plant in the family Urticaceae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico and Panama
Cecropia_obtusifolia
Genus of plants
Anthorrhiza is a genus of myrmecophytic flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea, including the Louisiade Archipelago
Anthorrhiza
Genus of plants
Myrmephytum is a genus of myrmecophytic flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is distributed from central Malesia to New Guinea. It is one of five
Myrmephytum
Species of flowering plant
Hydnophytum ferrugineum is a epiphyte species of myrmecophytes native to the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It forms a mutualistic relationship
Hydnophytum_ferrugineum
Genus of ants
and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Acta
Pseudomyrmex
Species of shrub
occurs in the rainforest understory.[citation needed] The species is a myrmecophyte, a plant that lives in ecological mutualism with ants. It has hollow
Piper_cenocladum
Italian botanist
and insects (an example is the mutually beneficial relationship of myrmecophytes and ants, in particular the phenomenon of the devil's garden in Amazonian
Stefano_Mancuso
Species of epiphyte
Myrmecodia beccarii, ant-house plant, is an epiphytic plant on Melaleuca trees and others with spongy bark in the wetlands and mangroves of tropical north
Myrmecodia_beccarii
Species of tree
Cordia africana or Sudan teak is a mid-sized, white-flowered, evergreen tree in the family Cordiaceae, native to Africa. It produces edible fruit, and
Cordia_africana
Species of plant
Myrmecodia platytyrea is a myrmecophilous (ant-loving) plant in the gardenia family Rubiaceae native to New Guinea and northern Australia. The species
Myrmecodia_platytyrea
Species of legume
they are defended by spines. In addition, whistling thorn acacias are myrmecophytes that have formed a mutualistic relationship with some species of acacia
Vachellia_drepanolobium
Genus of epiphytes
Dischidia is a genus of plants in the "dog-bane" family Apocynaceae, collectively known as the "milkweeds" (true perennial milkweeds in the Apocynaceae
Dischidia
Species of flowering plant
2011-11-01. Benzing, David H. (1970). "An Investigation of Two Bromeliad Myrmecophytes: Tillandsia butzii Mez, T. caput-medusae E. Morren, and Their Ants"
Tillandsia_caput-medusae
Species of plant
Hoya mitrata is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native to southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
Hoya_mitrata
Species of tree
Cecropia pachystachya, commonly known as Ambay pumpwood, is a species of tree in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and
Cecropia_pachystachya
Genus of ants
Itioka. "Species-specific Leaf Volatile Compounds of Obligate Macaranga Myrmecophytes and Host-specific Aggressiveness of Symbiotic Crematogaster Ants." Journal
Crematogaster
Species of tree
Cordia alliodora is a species of flowering tree in the family Cordiaceae, that is native to the American tropics. It is commonly known as Spanish elm,
Cordia_alliodora
Species of ant
the species is endemic to Brazil and Peru. Wheeler, W. M.; Bequaert, J. C. 1929. Amazonian myrmecophytes and their ants. Zool. Anz. 82: 10-39 v t e
Azteca_bequaerti
Genus of epiphytes
Monolena is a genus of flowering plants, of the family Melastomataceae, consisting of about 15 species distributed from Guatemala to Peru and Acre, Brazil
Monolena
Species of ant
maintain dominance and V. thyrsiflora can be considered a specialized myrmecophyte, because all mature specimens are found to be colonised by the ant. Shoots
Tetraponera_tessmanni
Species of flowering plant
Cecropia longipes is a species of flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is a tree native to northwestern Colombia and eastern Panama, where it grows
Cecropia_longipes
Species of ant
plant ant Tetraponera aethiops (Pseudomyrmecinae) protects its host myrmecophyte Barteria fistulosa (Passifloraceae) through aggressiveness and predation"
Tetraponera_aethiops
WWF ecoregion
utilise rhizobia (nitrogen fixing bacteria) in their root nodules. Myrmecophytes, including Myrmecodia spp. and Hydnophytum spp., are tree species that
Sundaland_heath_forests
Ecological interactions
trophic levels. A good example is the extrafloral nectaries that many myrmecophytes and other angiosperms sport on leaves, bracts, stems, and fruits. Nutritionally
Tritrophic interactions in plant defense
Tritrophic_interactions_in_plant_defense
Behaviour in social insects
x. ISSN 1439-0310. Janzen, Daniel H. (1969-01-01). "Allelopathy by Myrmecophytes: The Ant Azteca as an Allelopathic Agent of Cecropia". Ecology. 50 (1):
Pleometrosis
Species of plant
Myrmecodia brassii is a myrmecophilous (ant-loving) epiphytic, or sometimes terrestrial plant in the gardenia family Rubiaceae native to New Guinea. The
Myrmecodia_brassii
Species of plant
Myrmecodia lamii is a myrmecophilous (ant-loving) epiphytic, or sometimes terrestrial plant in the gardenia family Rubiaceae native to New Guinea. It has
Myrmecodia_lamii
American biologist
investigated the mutualistic relationship between two populations of Amazonian myrmecophytes, Cordia nodosa and Duroia hirsuta and their symbiotic ants. The experiment
Deborah_M._Gordon
Genus of ants
ant species may also form complex mutual associations with certain myrmecophytes or with Coccidae and Pseudococcidae species. Little information is available
Myrmelachista
Species of lizard
arboreal, living in the forest canopy, and sheltering in epiphytic myrmecophytes (ant plants). E. campbelli is oviparous. Clutch size is two eggs, which
Emoia_campbelli
Species of shrub in Melastomataceae family
Pachycentria glauca is a small epiphytic shrub in the Melastomataceae family. It has 2 subspecies: P. glauca subsp. glauca and P. glauca subsp. maingayi
Pachycentria_glauca
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical, British, Christian, English, Hebrew
The Lord is My Secret; Precious to the Lord; Treasured by God; Hidden by God; Protected by God; God has Hidden
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Blessed.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh (also Steeley)
English and Welsh (also Steeley) : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Visitation.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the places called Bickley, in Worcestershire, Cheshire, and Kent, or Bickleigh in Devon, all of which are possibly named with an Old English personal name Bicca + Old English lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The first element could alternatively be an Old English word, bic ‘pointed ridge’.
Boy/Male
Polynesian
Masculine; manly.
Girl/Female
Indian
Doing good deeds
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu
Chief
Boy/Male
Hindu
Given by God, Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Indian
Soft
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE
MYRMECOPHYTE