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Religion of the ancient Luwian people of Anatolia
Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from
Luwian_religion
Group of Anatolian peoples
The Luwians /ˈluːwiənz/ (also known as Luvians) were an ancient people in Anatolia who spoke the Luwian language. During the Bronze Age, Luwians formed
Luwians
Anatolian Sun deity
Tiwaz (stem: Tiwad-) was the Luwian Sun-god. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians. The name of the Proto-Anatolian Sun god can be reconstructed
Tiwaz_(Luwian_deity)
animal form. Though drawing on ancient Mesopotamian religion, the religion of the Hittites and Luwians retains noticeable elements of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European
Hittite mythology and religion
Hittite_mythology_and_religion
Ancient Indo-European language of the Hittite Empire
Luwian (/ˈluːwiən/ LOO-wee-ən), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the
Luwian_language
Mesopotamian lunar god
OCLC 60245860. Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In Melchert, Craig (ed.). The Luwians. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near
Sin_(mythology)
Proto-Semitic religion. Other religions in the ancient Near East include the ancient Egyptian religion, the Luwian and Hittite religions of Asia Minor
Religions of the ancient Near East
Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East
Hurrian goddess
was comparably smaller. She was also incorporated into Hittite and Luwian religion through Hurrian mediation, and as a result continued to be worshiped
Ḫepat
Canaanite religion Midianite religion Yahwism Harappan religion Hattian religion Hittite religion Hurrian religion Kassite religion Luwian religion Minoan
List of religions and spiritual traditions
List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions
Armenian religion (Armenians) Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism Hittite religion (Hittites of Anatolia) Luwian religion (Luwians of Anatolia) Lydian religion (Lydians)
List_of_ethnic_religions
region such as Egyptians, Elamites, Hittites, Hurrians, Mitanni, Urartians, Luwians, Minoans, Greeks, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Medes, Philistines and
Ancient_Semitic_religion
God. Arma (Luwian religion), a God. Kašku (Hittite mythology), a God. Men (Phrygian mythology), a God. Napir, a God. Kušuḫ (Hurrian religion), god of the
List_of_lunar_deities
Range of Indian religious traditions
is an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest surviving religion in the world, it is also described since the 19th century by the term Sanātana
Hinduism
Ancient city in Syria
Luwian Inscriptions I. Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2000), ISBN 978-3-11-010864-4. Hutter M., "Aspects of Luwian Religion"
Carchemish
Iron Age states of modern Syria and Turkey
Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated
Neo-Hittite_states
Father Sky-god in Proto-Indo-European mythology
p. 763. Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In H. Craig Melchert (ed.). The Luwians. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill
*Dyēus
Ancient religion in Iron Age Anatolia
Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7. Yakubovich, Ilya (2008). "Luwian Migrations
Lydian_religion
Ancient nomadic Iranic people who invaded West Asia in the 8th and 7th centuries BC
Scythian invasions in Asia Minor]. Revue de l'histoire des religions [Review of the History of Religions]. 210 (3): 305–330. doi:10.3406/rhr.1993.1478. JSTOR 23671794
Cimmerians
Luwian deity
Tarḫunz (stem: Tarḫunt-) was the weather god and chief god of the Luwians, a people of Bronze Age and early Iron Age Anatolia. He is closely associated
Tarḫunz
Hittite thunder deity
ISBN 9789042907980. Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In Melchert, Craig (ed.). The Luwians. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near
Tarḫunna
Group of ancient Semitic religions
The religion and mythic beliefs of the people in the land of Canaan in the southern Levant during approximately the first three millennia BCE were polytheistic
Canaanite_religion
Hurrian weather god and king of the gods
of this city. Additionally, he was incorporated into Hittite religion and Luwian religion. His hypostasis associated with Aleppo attained particular importance
Teshub
Deity that represents the Moon
Arma was the male moon god in the Luwian religion of Anatolia. His name is connected to the word for "moon" in Luwian and related Anatolian languages.
Lunar_deity
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered
Ancient_Egyptian_religion
Pre-Christian Georgian supreme deity
Giorgi), Georgia's patron saint since the Middle Ages. Arma (deity) Luwian religion Tetri Giorgi Jordan, Michael (1993). Encyclopedia of gods : over 2
Armazi_(god)
Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state
Egyptian hieroglyphs. Ḫiyawa (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔗒𔓱𔗬𔔂) or Adanawa (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔐓𔗢𔗬𔔂) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed
Ḫiyawa
Neo-Hittite kingdom until 708 BC
inscriptions have been found in the region, all written in Hieroglyphic Luwian, attesting to the continuity of Hittite traditions. In his annals, the Assyrian
Kummuh
Neo-Hittite state in the late 2nd millennium BC
symbols instead of Luwian. Kammanu (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒆳𒄰𒈠𒉡, KUR kam-ma-nu) or Malizi (Luwian: 𔒃𔒗𔖩, MAx.LIx-zi) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite
Kammanu
Ancient Luwian Neo-Hittite state
Pattin (also known as Pattina, Patina, Unqu and Unqi), was an ancient Luwian Neo-Hittite state at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. It was known
Pattin
Ancient Anatolian lunar deity
("wanderer").[citation needed] He is attested as the Moon god in Hittite and Luwian religion, with the name Arma-. In Lycian he was called Erm̃ma-, Arm̃ma-, in
Arma_(deity)
Hurro-Hittite goddess
OCLC 39455874. Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In Melchert, Craig (ed.). The Luwians. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near
Kubaba_(goddess)
Non-profit foundation based in Switzerland
Luwian Studies is an independent, private, non-profit foundation based in Zürich, Switzerland. Its sole purpose is to promote the study of cultures of
Luwian_Studies
Ancient Anatolian deity
not conclusive. Evidence of the worship of Iyarri in Hittite religion and Luwian religion comes mostly from central Anatolia, and includes documents such
Iyarri
Hattian weather god
the form of this animal. It is presumed that the names of the Hittite and Luwian weather gods, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz, while etymologically Indo-European,
Taru_(god)
Hittite goddess
Kamrušepa was a Hittite and Luwian goddess of medicine and magic, analogous to Hattic and Palaic goddess Kataḫzipuri. She is best known as one of the deities
Kamrušepa
Weather-god in Proto-Indo-European mythology
p. 835. Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In H. Craig Melchert (ed.). The Luwians. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Vol. 1.68Leiden.
Proto-Indo-European thunder god
Proto-Indo-European_thunder_god
Ancient people who inhabited Canaan's southern coast
Yakubovich, Ilya (2010). "The new values of Luwian signs L 319 and L 172". Ipamati Kistamati Pari Tumatimis: Luwian and Hittite Studies Presented to J. David
Philistines
King of Tuwana, reigned c.740 – c.705 BC
cuneiform script. Warpalawas II (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔, romanized: Warpallawas) was a Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tuwana in
Warpalawas_II
Ancient Mesopotamian religion encompasses the religious beliefs (concerning the gods, creation and the cosmos, the origin of humanity, and so forth) and
Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion
Neo-Hittite state
𒆳𒂍𒁹𒁍𒊒𒋫𒀾) or Bīt-Paruta (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒂍𒁹𒉺𒊒𒋫), was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the
Tabal_(state)
Hittite and Hurrian deity
to cities such as Aleppo, Emar and Ugarit. He was also venerated in Luwian religion in the first millennium BCE, with theophoric names invoking him attested
Šarruma
Extinct branch of Indo-European languages
discovered, the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics
Anatolian_languages
Neo-Hittite state
Akkadian: 𒌷𒄑𒌅𒀭𒁕) or Ištunda (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒅖𒌅𒌦𒁕) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern
Ištuanda
Ancient Anatolian goddess
periods Anna continued to appear in sources pertaining to Hittite religion and Luwian religion. However, she was no longer associated with Kanesh. She was regarded
Anna_(goddess)
Neo-Hittite state
Kurkumaean city" (ku+ra/i-ku-ma-wa/i-ni-i-sà(URBS)) in local Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions. The first historical event in the history of Gurgum is known
Gurgum
Ancient Anatolian people of Kussara
century BC is a Luwian monument, from the Post-Hittite period, found in the modern Turkish city of Niğde.[citation needed] Hittite religion and mythology
Hittites
First known Mesopotamian religion
Sumerian religion Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization found in recorded history and based
Sumerian_religion
Pastoral goddess
Ḫapantali, also known as Ḫapantaliya, was a Luwian goddess who functioned as a divine shepherd. She was also incorporated into Hattian and Hittite beliefs
Ḫapantali
Anatolian group of malevolent gods
of malevolent deities from the religions of the ancient Anatolian peoples. This group of deities was known in Luwian as DINGIRMEŠ Marwāinzi (𒀭𒈨𒌍𒈥𒉿𒀀𒅔𒍣)
Dark_Gods_(Anatolian)
Palaic sun god
goddesses. It has been noted that in contrast with Hittite religion, but similarly to Luwian religion, the traditions of the Palaians, while influenced by Hattians
Tiyaz
Religion of ancient Israel and Judah
known as the Israelite religion, was the ancient Semitic religion of the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. The Israelite religion appears to have been
Yahwism
King of Ḫiyawa
Awarikus (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔐓𔗬𔖱𔗜𔗔) or Warikas (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔗬𔖱𔓯𔗧𔗦) was a king of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Ḫiyawa in Cilicia who
Awarikus
Religious practices of Babylonia
Babylonia's religion and mythology were largely influenced by its Sumerian counterparts and were written on clay tablets inscribed with the cuneiform script
Babylonian_religion
Hittite goddess of gardens
Kizzuwatna. Maliya was incorporated into Luwian religion, and is one of the best attested goddesses worshiped by Luwians. Manfred Hutter assumes the information
Maliya
Luwian god of the hunt
Luwian god of the hunt, who had a close connection with deer. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians. The name was written in the Luwian
Runtiya
Anatolian war god
Šanta (Santa) was a god worshiped in Bronze Age Anatolia by Luwians and Hittites. It is presumed that he was regarded as a warlike deity, and that he
Šanta
Ancient Anatolian city in Cataonia
of Upper Tunnas (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔑏𔖱𔗔𔑢𔐤𔗔, romanized: sarras Tunnas) and Lower Tunnas (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔐓𔐤𔖹𔗦𔗷𔑢𔐤𔗦𔔂, romanized: annantarris
Tynna
Neo-Hittite state
(Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒀀𒌓𒈾) or Tuna (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒌅𒈾) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern
Atuna_(state)
Ancient people of central Anatolia
spoke Indo-European languages of the Anatolian group, including Hittite, Luwian, and Palaic. Several archeological sites in central Anatolia, dating from
Hattians
known as Pirindu (Neo-Babylonian Akkadian: 𒆳𒉿𒆸𒁺 and 𒆳𒉿𒊑𒅔𒁺), was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the
Ḫilakku
Ancient city
Hittite Empire, and Tuwana (𔑢𔗬𔐤𔔂) in the Luwian language during the Neo-Hittite period. From the Luwian name Tuwana were derived: the Neo-Assyrian Akkadian
Tyana
1500–500 BC Indo-Aryan religious practices of northwest India
The historical Vedic religion, also called Vedism or Brahmanism, and sometimes ancient Hinduism or Vedic Hinduism, constituted the religious ideas and
Historical_Vedic_religion
Town in Bronze Age Anatolia
49. 158-168. Hutter, Manfred. (2003)."Aspects in Luwian Religion." In Craig Melchert (ed): The Luwians: Handbook of Oriental Studies. Volume 1.68, pp.
Ištanuwa
Tabal is still unknown, although it might have been Sura (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔒂𔖱𔔆), which is attested in inscriptions from Karkamiš. However, in
Tabal_(region)
Ancient Indo-European-speaking peoples of Anatolia
parts of northern Syria. The best-attested groups included the Hittites, Luwians, Palaic peoples, Lydians, Carians, Lycians and Pisidians. The term is primarily
Anatolian_peoples
Hurrian goddess
ISBN 978-3-05-005756-9. Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In Melchert, Craig (ed.). The Luwians. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near
Allanzu
Neo-Hittite state
Šinuḫtu (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒅆𒉡𒄴𒌅 and 𒌷𒅆𒉡𒄴𒌓) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern
Šinuḫtu
Extinct Bronze Age Indo-European language
Age, Hittite had started losing ground to its close relative Luwian. It appears that Luwian was the most widely spoken language in the Hittite capital of
Hittite_language
Luwian and Hittite goddess
Ḫuwaššanna was a goddess worshiped in Hittite religion and Luwian religion in the second millennium BCE. Her name could be written phonetically or using
Ḫuwaššanna
Town of ancient Cappadocia
of ancient Cappadocia or Cilicia. Kybistra/Ḫubišna was the capital of a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom in the 1st millennium BCE. The main city of
Cybistra
Religion of the Indo-Iranian peoples
Proto-Indo-Iranian religion was the religion of the Indo-Iranian peoples and includes topics such as the mythology, legendry, folk tales, and folk beliefs
Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion
Ancient inhabitants of south-western Asia-Minor
Manapa-Tarhunta of "the land of the Seha River", one of the principalities within the Luwian Arzawa complex in western Anatolia. This they did, allowing Manapa-Tarhunta
Carians
Ancient Anatolian kingdom
were reflexes of earlier Aegean-Balkan ones. Unlike the Hittite and Luwian religions, the Phrygian pantheon was headed by a feminine deity, a goddess Matar
Phrygia
Corpus of ancient cuneiform texts discovered in Syria
cuneiform languages (Sumerian, Hurrian and Akkadian), as well as Egyptian and Luwian hieroglyphs, and Cypro-Minoan. On excavation of the city of Ugarit, found
Ugaritic_texts
in the northeast and around the Persian Gulf, the dominant form of the religion was Miaphysitism. Since the beginning of the Roman era, Jewish migration
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Neo-Hittite king from Tabal, ruled 730s BC
or other symbols instead of cuneiform script. Wasusarmas (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔓬𔖢𔑙𔒅𔗔, romanized: Wassu-Sarrumas) was a king of the Neo-Hittite kingdom
Wasusarmas
Country from Bronze Age Anatolia
society of Kanes, they probably formed an even smaller minority than the Luwians and left no recognizable trace of their existence in the available documents
Palà
Polytheistic religion in the Bronze Age Near East
The Hurrian religion was the polytheistic religion of the Hurrians, a Bronze Age people of the Near East who chiefly inhabited the north of the Fertile
Hurrian_religion
Traditional religion of Germanic peoples
Germanic paganism or Germanic religion was the traditional, culturally significant religion of the Germanic peoples. With a chronological range of at
Germanic_paganism
Extinct language of prehistoric Greece
before Mycenaean Greek and the attested Anatolian languages (Hittite and Luwian) became predominant in the region. Various explanations for this phenomenon
Pre-Greek_substrate
hypotheses on the Luwians. Zangger's work has repeatedly been likened to parascience. He is the founder and president of the Luwian Studies Foundation
Eberhard_Zangger
Ancient Anatolian kingdom
Alice; Rutherford, Ian; Yakubovich, Ilya, eds. (2013). Luwian Identities: Culture, Language and Religion Between Anatolia and the. Brill. p. 4. Although the
Lydia
Northwest Semitic supreme deity
Taurus Mountains equates El-Creator-of-the-Earth to Luwian hieroglyphs read as da-a-ś, this being the Luwian form of the name of the Babylonian water god Ea
El_(deity)
Luwian goddess of the wilderness
Hieroglyphic Luwian: FEMINA Ala-) appears in one Bronze Age Hittite text and several Iron Age Luwian texts. The name may derive from the Luwian adjective
Ala_(Luwian_goddess)
Extinct Anatolian Indo-European language
Indo-European. Palaic shared common innovations with Luwian not present in Old Hittite, suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. It has been characterized
Palaic_language
p. 437. Fortson 2004, p. 26. Houwink Ten Cate, Philo H. J. (1961). The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera During the Hellenistic Period
Proto-Indo-European_mythology
Residents of the ancient Near East until the end of antiquity
Indo-European language, as there are possibly ancient Greek, Lydian, and Luwian traces in the limited information available about their tongue. However
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples
Practice of reading omens from birds
Mouton, Luwian Identities (2013) p. 335-40 L. Cottrell, The Penguin Book of Lost Worlds 2 (1966) p. 158 D. Ogden, A Companion to Greek Religion (2010)
Ornithomancy
Deity associated with thunder, rains and storms
Anatolian languages had similar names for their storm gods, such as Luwian below. Tarḫunz, Luwian storm god. Teshub, Hurrian storm god. Theispas or Teisheba,
Weather_god
Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 3200 and 539 BC
polytheism. Due to scarcity of sources, past scholars assumed that Elamite religion must have been characterized by the "ill-defined character of the individual
Elam
evaluated. Based on the ceramics found, and an inscription in hieroglyphic Luwian language script, it was shown that the site was important from the Bronze
Türkmen-Karahöyük
Letter written by a Hittite king
Alice; Rutherford, Ian; Yakubovich, Ilya (eds.). Luwian Identities: Culture, Language and Religion Between Anatolia and the Aegean. Brill. ISBN 9789004253414
Tawagalawa_letter
Hittite and Luwian deity
the variant names Perwa and Peruwa, was a god worshiped by Hittites and Luwians in ancient Anatolia. He was associated with horses. There is also evidence
Pirwa
Hittite rock relief in south-central Anatolia
Warpalawas and the storm-god Tarhunzas and is accompanied by a hieroglyphic Luwian inscription. Two further, uninscribed, reliefs were subsequently discovered
İvriz_monuments
Home of many cradles of civilization
900 BC. Luwian has been preserved in two forms, named after the writing systems used to represent them: Cuneiform Luwian and Hieroglyphic Luwian. Mari was
Ancient_Near_East
City in Palestine
Sidon New Kingdom of Egypt Arabs Edomites Itureans? Nabataeans Qedarites Luwian-Aramaean states Carchemish Kummuh Luhuti Palistin Pattin Classical Age Ancient
Gaza_City
Hittite god
phenomenon of inventing Hattic names for Hurrian and Luwian deities and concepts incorporated into Hittite religion, as also reflected in referring to Hurrian Earth
Kammamma
Peninsula of Turkey in Western Asia
now-extinct Anatolian languages. The major Anatolian languages included Hittite, Luwian, and Lydian; other local languages, albeit poorly attested, included Phrygian
Anatolia
British archaeologist and forger (1925–2012)
ancestors of the Luwians who inhabited Troy II, and spread widely in the Anatolian peninsula. It was Mellaart who first introduced the term "Luwian" to archaeological
James_Mellaart
God of war in ancient Greek religion
A. Mouton, I. Rutherford, & I. Yakubovich (eds.) Luwian Identities: Culture, Language and Religion Between Anatolia and the Aegean (Leiden) pp.555-557
Ares
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