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wide variety of gunpowder artillery weapons were created in the medieval and early modern period. Needham, p.368 "Artillery in Medieval Europe". World
List of medieval and early modern gunpowder artillery
List_of_medieval_and_early_modern_gunpowder_artillery
Gunpowder is the first explosive to have been created in the world. Popularly listed as one of the "Four Great Inventions" of China, it was invented during
History_of_gunpowder
Type of firearm propellant
while the saltpeter is an oxidizer. Gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms, artillery, rocketry, and pyrotechnics, including use as a
Gunpowder
Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages primarily consisted of the introduction of the cannon, large tubular firearms designed to fire a heavy projectile
Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
Gunpowder_artillery_in_the_Middle_Ages
Long-ranged guns for land warfare
Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on
Artillery
Warfare during the gunpowder era
start of the widespread use of gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive, including artillery and firearms; for this reason
Early_modern_warfare
Medieval cannon
The bombard is a type of cannon or mortar which was used throughout the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Bombards were mainly large calibre
Bombard_(weapon)
Class of rockets used as artillery
Rocket artillery is artillery that uses rockets as the projectile. The use of rocket artillery dates back to medieval China where devices such as fire
Rocket_artillery
timeline of the history of gunpowder and related topics such as weapons, warfare, and industrial applications. The timeline covers the history of gunpowder from
Timeline_of_the_gunpowder_age
Weapons during the classical and medieval periods that used heat or burning for damage
The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-455-9. Kelly, Jack (2004). Gunpowder: Alchemy
Early_thermal_weapons
emergence of the castle in Europe, which then spread to the Holy Land (modern day Israel and Palestine). The medieval knight was usually a mounted and armoured
Medieval_warfare
2018. List of artillery List of artillery by name List of artillery by type List of the largest cannon by caliber List of medieval and early modern gunpowder
List_of_artillery_by_country
Fortifications built during the middle ages
Medieval fortification refers to military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, during the period roughly
Medieval_fortification
Type of long gun appearing in 15th-century Europe
(2003), Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300–1600, Marlborough: The Crowood Press. Partington, J. R. (1960), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Cambridge
Arquebus
Device that launches projectiles
Norris, John (2003), Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300–1600, Marlborough: The Crowood Press. Padmanabhan, Thanu (2019), The Dawn of Science: Glimpses from
Gun
Artillery mounted on a vehicle for mobility and protection
form of self-propelled artillery from the early modern period. It featured small swivel guns to be mounted and fired from the back of camels. It was used
Self-propelled_artillery
Use of gunpowder in weapons during the Song dynasty
Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty included fire arrows, gunpowder lit flamethrowers, soft shell bombs, hard shell iron bombs, fire lances, and possibly
Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
Gunpowder_weapons_in_the_Song_dynasty
Smoothbore muzzle-loaded long gun (firearm)
(2003), Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300–1600, Marlborough: The Crowood Press. Partington, J. R. (1960), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Cambridge
Musket
Ahom artillery comprised the firearms, gunpowder weapons, and associated military industries of the Ahom kingdom. Firearms are recorded in Ahom possession
Ahom_artillery
Early firearm, 13th-15th century
(2003), Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300–1600, Marlborough: The Crowood Press. Partington, J. R. (1960), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Cambridge
Hand_cannon
Pre-gunpowder fortress-warfare machines
early form of biological warfare. With the advent of gunpowder, firearms such as the arquebus and cannon—eventually the petard, mortar and artillery—were
Siege_engine
Payload-carrying projectile
contained, as in a modern-day pipe bomb or pressure cooker bomb. Early grenades were hollow cast-iron balls filled with gunpowder, and "shells" were similar
Shell_(projectile)
Artillery used by the Mughal empire
Mughal artillery included a variety of cannons, rockets, and mines employed by the Mughal Empire. This gunpowder technology played an important role in
Mughal_artillery
Weapons with a calibre of 75mm or more
any medieval wall, in particular when it was concentrated in a battery. Due to their less bulky dimensions and higher rate of fire, these artillery pieces
Large-calibre_artillery
first of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires, followed by Safavid Persia and Mughal India. By the 14th century, the Ottomans had adopted gunpowder artillery
List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
List_of_wars_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire
History of military personnel who engage in combat on foot
army of 32,000, mainly Swiss Pike and Gendarmes, but with a 2:1 superiority in artillery as well. This battle proved how effective hand-held gunpowder weapons
History_of_infantry
Artillery mounted on a warship
to take more powerful gunpowder charges, they needed to be placed lower in the ship, closer to the water line. Heavy artillery on galleys was mounted
Naval_artillery
history of gunpowder there are a range of theories about the transmission of the knowledge of gunpowder and guns from Imperial China to the rest of the world
Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission
Historiography_of_gunpowder_and_gun_transmission
Bow-like ranged weapon
anti-personnel defense of ships. Crossbows were eventually replaced in warfare by gunpowder weapons. Early hand cannons had slower rates of fire and much worse accuracy
Crossbow
Siege engine using a long arm to throw projectiles
siege engine until the advent of gunpowder. The design of a trebuchet allows it to launch projectiles of greater weights and further distances than a traditional
Trebuchet
Historical misconception
Francis Grose claimed that the onager was the dominant medieval artillery until the arrival of gunpowder. In the mid-19th century, Guillaume Henri Dufour adjusted
Torsion_mangonel_myth
Early tube-shaped cannon
Transformation Of Early Modern Europe. pp. 55–94. Rogers, Clifford (2019). "Gunpowder Artillery in Europe, 1326–1500: Innovation and Impact". In Ehlers
Pot-de-fer
Large-caliber gun
large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary
Cannon
Bombard
520 lb) to a distance of roughly 600 m (2,000 ft) after being loaded with 15 kg (33 lb) of gunpowder and set at an elevation of 10°. The bombard is today
Pumhart_von_Steyr
Buildings in Scotland during the 16th and 18th century
corresponds to the early modern era in Europe, beginning with the Renaissance and Reformation and ending with the start of the Enlightenment and Industrialisation
Architecture in early modern Scotland
Architecture_in_early_modern_Scotland
First rockets
(2003), Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300–1600, Marlborough: The Crowood Press. Partington, J. R. (1960), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Cambridge
History_of_rockets
Kingdom in the Deccan (1347–1527)
differing translation of a passage of medieval historian Firishta's text Tarikh-i Firishta, in which he describes early use of gunpowder weapons in the Indian
Bahmani_Kingdom
Application of technology for use in warfare
destructive effects of gunpowder were described in the earlier Tang dynasty by a Daoist alchemist, the earliest developments of the gun barrel and the projectile-fire
Military_technology
The history of the firearm begins in 10th-century China, when tubes containing gunpowder projectiles were mounted on spears to make portable fire lances
History_of_the_firearm
Chemical compound
essential ingredient of gunpowder. They called it Chinese Snow and employed it early in the Christian era in the manufacture of fireworks and rockets. James
Potassium_nitrate
Middle Ages and early modern period. Firearms eventually diffused throughout Eurasia via the Gunpowder empires, gradually reducing the importance of archery
History_of_archery
Science and art of organizing a military force and techniques
force. In both the European and Oriental traditions of warfare, the advent of gunpowder during the late Medieval and early modern periods created a relentless
Military_tactics
Static anti-tank obstacle defense
wheeled vehicles. In early 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, hedgehogs were used in conjunction with concrete barriers and other techniques to
Czech_hedgehog
Defensive obstacle
used extensively in castle defenses and military campaigns, particularly during the Renaissance and early modern periods. During the American Civil War
Cheval_de_frise
Defensive bank or wall surrounding a fortified site, such as a castle or settlement
type of arrangement was a feature of the motte and bailey castle of northern Europe in the early medieval period. During the classical era, societies became
Rampart_(fortification)
Theory on gunpowder weapons and governments
importance of the "Infantry Revolution" taking place in the early 14th century, and David Eltis has pointed out that the real change to gunpowder weapons and the
Military_Revolution
Science fiction novel series by William R. Forstchen
is a series of eight science fiction novels written by William R. Forstchen. The plot revolves around a Union Army regiment and an artillery battery from
The_Lost_Regiment
Artillery piece designed to deploy with army units in the field
Chinese invented mobile battlefield artillery during the early part of the fourteenth century at the time when gunpowder and the primordial cannon were first
Field_artillery
Type of artillery piece
ɪtsər/) is an artillery weapon that falls between a cannon (or field gun) and a mortar. It is capable of both low angle fire like a field gun and high angle
Howitzer
of many innovations, scientific discoveries and inventions. This includes the Four Great Inventions: papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and early printing
List_of_Chinese_inventions
parallel or as an evolution of an earlier gunpowder weapon called the fire lance. The result was a projectile weapon in the shape of a cylinder that fired projectiles
History_of_cannons
Medieval Scotland includes all military activity in the modern borders of Scotland, or by forces originating in the region, between the departure of the
Warfare_in_Medieval_Scotland
Annual custom originating in England
displays. Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605 O.S., when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives
Guy_Fawkes_Night
1453 Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital
and had lasted nearly 1,500 years. For many modern historians, the fall of Constantinople marks the end of the medieval period and the beginning of the
Fall_of_Constantinople
Danish warship sunk in 1495
the first generation of vessels designed to carry gunpowder weapons. The combination of artillery and ships specifically intended to carry these weapons
Gribshunden
Air defense towers used by Nazi Germany
much like the keeps of medieval castles, were some of the safest places in a fought-over city and so the flak towers were some of the last places to surrender
Flak_tower
English polymath, philosopher and friar (c.1219/20–c.1292)
one of the greatest polymaths of the medieval period. In the early modern era, he was regarded as a wizard and particularly famed for the story of his
Roger_Bacon
Raised bank of land or barrier
containment and liquid spill control. In medieval military engineering, a berm (or berme) was a level space between a parapet or defensive wall and an adjacent
Berm
Technology used in medieval Europe
advances, including the adoption of gunpowder, the invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks, and greatly improved water mills, building
Medieval_technology
standardization for arms and armor, early gunpowder weapons, and other advanced weapons, but also adopted nomadic cavalry and Western military technology. China's
Military history of China before 1912
Military_history_of_China_before_1912
Early modern fortification style built to withstand cannon fire
developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification
Bastion_fort
1241 battle during the first Mongol invasion of Hungary
needed] Several modern historians have speculated that Chinese firearms and gunpowder weapons were deployed by the Mongols at the Battle of Muhi. According
Battle_of_Mohi
Mobile structure for attacking walls
similar role in the gunpowder age; like siege-towers, these were built out of wood on-site for mounting siege artillery. One of these was built by the
Siege_tower
The following is a list of inventions, discoveries and scientific advancements made in the medieval Islamic world, especially during the Islamic Golden
List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world
Field fortification made of sharpened trees
entanglements and other obstacles. Gregory of Tours mentions the use of abatis several times in his writing about the history of the early Franks. He wrote
Abatis
Cage full of rock
the April 1573 siege of Edinburgh Castle. Such early military gabions were most often used to protect sappers and siege artillery gunners. The wickerwork
Gabion
Pre-gunpowder projectile-launching device
aid of gunpowder or other propellants – particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines. A catapult uses the sudden release of stored
Catapult
Scotland in the early modern period refers, for the purposes of this article, to Scotland between the death of James IV in 1513 and the end of the Jacobite
Scotland in the early modern period
Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period
Maharaja of Marwar from 1638 to 1678
Aurangzeb's artillery and gunpowder as the Rajput army was almost entirely made up of light cavalry, while Aurangzeb had a well equipped army of heavy cavalry
Jaswant_Singh_of_Marwar
Form of medieval and later defensive enclosure; Scots word
form of medieval and later defensive enclosure, typically found around smaller castles, tower houses, pele towers, and bastle houses in Scotland and the
Barmkin
Small turret projecting from the top of towers or parapets
overhanging turret projecting from the walls of late-medieval and early-modern fortifications from the early 14th century up to the 18th century. Most frequently
Bartizan
City walls of Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey)
The fortifications retained their usefulness even after the advent of gunpowder siege cannons, which played a part in the city's fall to Ottoman forces
Walls_of_Constantinople
Human-powered trebuchet
machinery." or mágganon "engine of war, axis of a pulley" Mangonel was a general term for medieval stone-throwing artillery and was used more specifically
Mangonel
Fortresses constructed primarily by stone or wood in earlier Japanese history
fortresses constructed primarily of wood and stone. They evolved from the wooden stockades of earlier centuries and came into their best-known form in
Japanese_castle
Use of equines in combat
best-known heavy cavalry warrior of the period was the armoured knight. With the decline of the knight and rise of gunpowder in warfare, light cavalry again
Horses_in_warfare
zones, and they began to enclose multiple structures, such as palaces and temples. Early modern forts were strengthened and adapted to resist gunpowder cannons
Forts_in_India
Where both sides commit to fight at a location
rudimentary firearms and artillery developing new tactics to respond to the rapidly changing state of gunpowder warfare. The late modern period saw improvements
Pitched_battle
Medieval security device
or gate in a medieval or Early Modern building such as a castle, but also churches and townhouses. When drawn across the full length of the door, it prevents
Drawbar_(defense)
Type of artillery relying on a twisting force to launch projectiles
specifically Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great, and used through the Middle Ages until the development of gunpowder artillery in the 14th century rendered
Torsion_siege_engine
Study of war and its impact on societies, cultures, and economies
2006) "Cannons and Gunpowder" Archived 2007-07-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed on May 18, 2006. H.C.B. Rogers, A History of Artillery (1975). Jorge
Military_history
Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe
the course of six months by Turkish artillery and mines. The Knights of St. John, or Knights Hospitallers, had captured Rhodes in the early 14th century
Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)
Area-denial weapon
Retrieved 2018-04-02 – via Google Books. Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan, Karl Friday, Psychology Press, 2004 P. 119. Andreas
Caltrop
Iron Age type of settlement
localisations of Ptolemy to be erroneous, making the identification of any modern location with the names he listed highly uncertain and speculative. An
Oppidum
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire from 1559 to 1874
region were rare: 10 cannons with artillery men, as well as many as 900 gunmen in 1542. This support led to the destruction of almost all the Portuguese force
Ottoman_Zeila
Auxiliary defensive structure outside a larger fort
frequently built to protect older fortifications from the more effective artillery of the period. Often close to ancient fortifications, there were small hills
Redoubt
Floor-opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement
widespread adoption of gunpowder weapons made them obsolete. The word machicolation derives from Old French machecol, mentioned in Medieval Latin as machecollum
Machicolation
Outward structure of a fortification
resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification
Bastion
Mughal-Ahom war (1662-1663)
matchlocks, about 12 tons of gunpowder, and other powders, 7,828 iron shields, and immeasurable amounts of saltpetre, iron, sulphur, and lead, Mir Jumla also
Mir_Jumla's_invasion_of_Assam
Arabic and Latin Sources Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam. Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Gunpowder Composition
History_of_technology
Type of castle architectural element
In medieval fortification, a bretèche or brattice is a small balcony with machicolations, usually built over a gate and sometimes in the corners of the
Bretèche
coast of England specifically designed to be equipped with, and to defend against, gunpowder artillery. These forts still lacked some of the more modern continental
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
Castles_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland
Type of stone structure, built for defensive and habitation purposes
in Galicia, medieval tower houses are in the origin of many Modern Age pazos, noble residences as well as strongholds. Large numbers of tower houses
Tower_house
adopted gunpowder artillery. The adoption of the gunpowder weapons by the Ottomans was so rapid that they "preceded both their European and Middle Eastern
Military of the Ottoman Empire
Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
List of large explosions
accidental and intentional, caused by modern high explosives, boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs), older explosives such as gunpowder, volatile
Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions
Largest_artificial_non-nuclear_explosions
Fortified outpost or gateway
gatehouses remained a feature of ambitious French and English residences well into the 17th century. Portuguese medieval fortification nomenclature uses
Barbican
warfare by gunpowder weapons, although early guns had slower rates of fire and much worse accuracy than contemporary crossbows. The Battle of Cerignola
History_of_crossbows
Form of medieval defensive structure
the oldest permanent artillery fortifications. Their heyday was in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Early examples of artillery roundels are in the town
Roundel_(fortification)
History of chemical weapons in war
mixtures of "poison gunpowder" suitable for creating grenades or trebuchet-launched bombs. This has included arsenic and crotonaldehyde, and is described
History_of_chemical_warfare
15th-17th century mobile fortification
the German term "wagenburg". At first, it was used to cover artillery during the siege of fortresses. In 1572, gulyay-gorod was very successfully used
Gulyay-gorod
Regulation Act 1864 and Chimney Sweepers Act 1875 In early medieval Europe (5th to 10th century), the Byzantine Empire made use of military drums to indicate
List_of_obsolete_occupations
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
LIST OF-MEDIEVAL-AND-EARLY-MODERN-GUNPOWDER-ARTILLERY
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