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Process of becoming a word or adding words to a language
linguistics, lexicalization is the process of adding words, set phrases, or word patterns to a language's lexicon. Whether word formation and lexicalization refer
Lexicalization
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up lexical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lexical may refer to: Lexical corpus or lexis, a complete set of all words in a language Lexical item
Lexical
Conversion of character sequences into token sequences in computer science
analyzer back to the lexer, which complicates design. Lexical frequency analysis Lexicalization Lexical semantics List of parser generators "Anatomy of a
Lexical_analysis
Vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge
central role of the lexicon is documenting established lexical norms and conventions. Lexicalization is the process by which new words, having gained widespread
Lexicon
Formal grammar defining the syntax of tokens
In computer science, a lexical grammar or lexical structure is a formal grammar defining the syntax of tokens. The program is written using characters
Lexical_grammar
Complexity of communication
Lexical density is a concept in computational linguistics that measures the structure and complexity of human communication in a language. Lexical density
Lexical_density
Generalized alphabetical order
mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order
Lexicographic_order
Canadian linguist
Her premier work is Lexicalization and Language Change, which focuses on understanding the relationship between lexicalization and grammaticalization
Laurel_J._Brinton
Subfield of linguistic semantics
1893. Linguistics portal Content word Lexical analysis Lexical chain Lexicalization Lexical markup framework Lexical verb Minimal recursion semantics Ontology
Lexical_semantics
Group of words that fall under a single category
between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. A lexical set is a group of words that share a particular vowel or consonant sound
Lexical_set
Personality traits reflected in language
In personality psychology, the lexical hypothesis (also known as the fundamental lexical hypothesis, lexical approach, or sedimentation hypothesis) generally
Lexical_hypothesis
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
practice, with lexical scope a name is resolved by searching the local lexical context, then if that fails, by searching the outer lexical context, and
Scope_(computer_programming)
Similarity of languages' vocabulary (lexicon)
In linguistics, lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar. A lexical similarity of 1 (or
Lexical_similarity
Method of teaching foreign languages
The lexical approach refers to various methods of teaching foreign languages with focus on lexical units of various sizes. On the smaller end, the lexical
Lexical_approach
Digital database of words
machine-readable edition of lexical resources exist, e.g., Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) an ISO standard for encoding lexical resources, comprising an abstract
Lexical_resource
Words inherited by different languages
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in
Cognate
Grammar framework in theoretical linguistics
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. It posits several parallel levels of syntactic structure
Lexical_functional_grammar
Category of words based on shared grammatical properties in a clause
traditional scheme does—include word class, lexical class, and lexical category. Some authors restrict the term lexical category to refer only to a particular
Part_of_speech
Concept in linguistics
In linguistics, specifically the sub-field of lexical semantics, the concept of lexical innovation includes the use of neologism or new meanings (so-called
Lexical_innovation
Lexical diversity is one aspect of 'lexical richness' and refers to the ratio of different unique word stems (types) to the total number of words (tokens)
Lexical_diversity
Lexical simplification is a sub-task of text simplification. It can be defined as any lexical substitution task that reduces text complexity. Lexical
Lexical_simplification
Theoretical rules of syntax
lexical rule is a form of syntactic rule used within many theories of natural language syntax. These rules alter the argument structures of lexical items
Lexical_rule
Word consisting of two words
portmanteau, also known in linguistics and lexicography as a blend word, a lexical blend, or simply a blend, is a word formed by combining the meanings and
Portmanteau
Tool for describing semantic relationships
A lexical function (LF) is a tool developed within Meaning-Text Theory for the description and systematization of semantic relationships, specifically
Lexical_function
Grammatical and lexical linking in text
Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader
Cohesion_(linguistics)
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Current acceptance level of a word formation process
are in frequent use to less frequently used ones that tend towards lexicalization. Generally the test of productivity concerns identifying which grammatical
Productivity_(linguistics)
Concept in linguistics
traditional approach, nouns were said to name objects and other entities, lexical verbs to indicate actions, adjectives to refer to attributes of entities
Content_word
Word, word part or word chain
In lexicography[citation needed], a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's
Lexical_item
Set of names by which an individual is known
by a comma (e.g. Jobs, Steve or Van Gerwen, Michael) representing the "lexical name order". This convention is followed by most Western libraries, as
Personal_name
Rare disorder in which a person's lexicon is perceived as taste
Lexical–gustatory synesthesia is a rare form of synesthesia in which spoken and written language (as well as some colors and emotions) causes individuals
Lexical–gustatory_synesthesia
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)". biblehub.com. Retrieved 21 January 2026. Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint" See Leviticus 8:10–12 and Exodus
Jesus
Digital library of Tufts University
2023-06-19. Rydberg-Cox, Jeffrey (1 June 2000). "Co-occurrence patterns and lexical acquisition in ancient Greek texts". Literary and Linguistic Computing
Perseus_Digital_Library
When people agree on terminology in a given conversation
In conversational linguistics, lexical entrainment is the phenomenon by which a speaker adopts the referential terms used by their interlocutor. It acts
Lexical_entrainment
Semantic way in which a verb is structured in relation to time
In linguistics, the lexical aspect, situation type or Aktionsart (German pronunciation: [ʔakˈtsi̯oːnsˌʔaːɐ̯t], plural Aktionsarten German pronunciation:
Lexical_aspect
West Germanic language
monolingual English speakers, the primary influence of Norman was as a lexical superstratum, introducing a wide range of loanwords related to politics
English_language
Irving L. (1983). The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-231-05557-4. Retrieved
List_of_ethnic_slurs
A lexical chain is a sequence between two semantically related ordered words in writing. It can span narrow (adjacent words or sentences) or wide context
Lexical_chain
AI that generates content
for generative models to homogenise the style of texts, reducing their lexical and syntactic variability compared with human writing. In 2016, DeepMind's
Generative_AI
Programming language for statistics
able to run unaltered in R. The language was also inspired by Scheme's lexical scoping, allowing for local variables. The name of the language, R, comes
R_(programming_language)
Word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language
use of the French term déjà vu, are known as adoptions, adaptations, or lexical borrowings. Although colloquial and informal register loanwords are typically
Loanword
System of phonetic notation
IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in spoken (oral) language:
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
ISO standard
Language resource management – Lexical markup framework (LMF; ISO 24613), produced by ISO/TC 37, is the ISO standard for natural language processing (NLP)
Lexical_Markup_Framework
Modification or development of a language
hypothesize sound changes that may have taken place in them. The study of lexical changes forms the diachronic portion of the science of onomasiology. The
Language_change
Grammar of the Japanese language
phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with
Japanese_grammar
Identifying an alternate word in context
Lexical substitution is the task of identifying a substitute for a word in the context of a clause. For instance, given the following text: "After the
Lexical_substitution
Capacity for a sign to have multiple related meanings
dislexified) in languages. A lexical conception of polysemy was developed by B. T. S. Atkins, in the form of lexical implication rules. These are rules
Polysemy
1971 book by John Rawls
Huelin. American philosophy Ken Binmore Robert Nozick Friedrich Hayek Lexical order Lottery of birth Redistribution of wealth Social liberalism Thought
A_Theory_of_Justice
Set of words grouped by meaning referring to a specific subject
the lexical structure of different languages and different states of the same language. The origin of the field theory of semantics is the lexical field
Semantic_field
Latin influences on the Germanic language of English
learning brought a steady, though dramatically reduced, influx of new Latin lexical borrowings. Since subjects like science and philosophy (including rhetoric
Latin_influence_in_English
Structured system of communication
linguistic hypotheses, and historical linguistics relies on grammatical and lexical descriptions of languages to trace their individual histories and reconstruct
Language
Study of words and their formation
depends on the quality (voiced vs. unvoiced) of the final preceding phoneme. Lexical morphology is the branch of morphology that deals with the lexicon that
Morphology_(linguistics)
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
ISBN 978-1-317-85108-0. Reid, Lawrence A. (June 1, 1994). "Possible Non-Austronesian Lexical Elements in Philippine Negrito Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 33 (1)
Philippines
Type of verb indicating more than just grammar
linguistics a lexical verb or main verb is a member of an open class of verbs that includes all verbs except auxiliary verbs. Lexical verbs typically
Lexical_verb
Greek translation of Hebrew scriptures
CE). Edinburgh: T&T Clark. p. 424. ISBN 978-0-567-08651-8. J.A.L. Lee, A Lexical Study of the Septuagint Version of the Pentateuch (Septuagint and Cognate
Septuagint
Dictionary-style definition of a word
The lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, describes the meaning of a word in terms of other words, and it is the style
Lexical_definition
Lexical choice is the subtask of Natural language generation that involves choosing the content words (nouns, non-auxiliary verbs, adjectives, and adverbs)
Lexical_choice
Roman statesman and lawyer (106–43 BC)
Latin and coined a large portion of Latin philosophical vocabulary via lexical innovation (e.g. neologisms such as evidentia, generator, humanitas, infinitio
Cicero
Indo-Aryan language
72. ISBN 978-1-4438-6260-8. Although it has borrowed a large number of lexical items from Persian and some from Turkish, it is a derivative of Hindvi
Urdu
Theory in linguistics
Lexical field theory, or word-field theory, was introduced on March 12, 1931, by the German linguist Jost Trier. He argued that words acquired their meaning
Lexical_field_theory
Persian religion founded in the 3rd century AD
influence affected the everyday beliefs of the indigenous peoples and the lexical composition of their languages. In the East, it spread along trade routes
Manichaeism
General-purpose programming language
an imperative procedural language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed
C_(programming_language)
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
languages, but also occurs in Serbo-Croatian. It is also possible for lexically contrastive pitch (or tone) to span entire words or morphemes instead
Tone_(linguistics)
American linguist (born 1939)
framework that incorporates several aspects of grammaticalization and lexicalization within a unified theory of how new meaning-new form constructions arise
Elizabeth_C._Traugott
Process of words becoming part of a language grammar
counterexamples as cases of lexicalization in which a grammatical form is incorporated into a lexical item but does not itself become a lexical item. An example
Grammaticalization
Language influencing or influenced by another through contact
England's history, Old Norse served as an adstrate, contributing to the lexical structure of Old English. The phenomenon is less common today in standardized
Stratum_(linguistics)
Country in Central Africa
communities. Brazil has also been promoting the language in Africa. The lexical similarity and comparable phonology of French to Portuguese makes it a
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Romance language
not only phonological information but also morphological, grammatical, lexical and historical distinctions. In the influential analysis of Nina Catach
French_language
Topics referred to by the same term
called LS-category or simply category Categorical data, in statistics Lexical category, a part of speech such as noun, preposition, etc. Syntactic category
Category
Bilingual lexical access is an area of psycholinguistics that studies the activation or retrieval process of the mental lexicon for bilingual people.
Bilingual_lexical_access
Sentence composed of homonyms
homophones can be used to create complicated linguistic constructs through lexical ambiguity. It has been discussed in literature in various forms since 1967
Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo
Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo
Word classes, largely corresponding to traditional parts of speech
sense). Word classes considered as syntactic categories may be called lexical categories, as distinct from phrasal categories. The terminology is somewhat
Syntactic_category
Country in Southeast Asia
Mei, Tsu-lin (1976). "The Austroasiatics in Ancient South China: Some Lexical Evidence". Monumenta Serica. 32: 274–301. doi:10.1080/02549948.1976.11731121
Vietnam
Morpheme placed at the end of a word
carry grammatical information (inflectional endings) or lexical information (derivational/lexical suffixes). Inflection changes the grammatical properties
Suffix
Japonic language
phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with
Japanese_language
Psycholinguistic procedure
The lexical decision task (LDT) is a procedure used in many psychology and psycholinguistics experiments. The basic procedure involves measuring how quickly
Lexical_decision_task
Form of nonsense syllable used in a wide variety of music
Non-lexical vocables, also known as wordless vocals, are a form of nonsense syllable used in a wide variety of music. Common English examples are "la
Non-lexical_vocables_in_music
Words supplying mainly grammatical information, rather than content information
linguistics, function words (also called functors) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships
Function_word
Central Semitic language
in 1836 and led a translation campaign that highlighted the need for a lexical injection in Arabic, to suit concepts of the industrial and post-industrial
Arabic
Series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries
The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their
Lexical_lists
Sino-Tibetan dialect cluster
Tamang, Southwestern Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, and Western Tamang. Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang (which is regarded as the most prominent)
Tamang_language
Soft redirect to Wiktionary
"lexical correspondence", but its sister project Wiktionary does: Read the Wiktionary entry "lexical correspondence" You can also: Search for Lexical correspondence
Lexical_correspondence
King of Wessex (871 – c. 886); King of the Anglo-Saxons (c. 886 – 899)
no longer accepted by scholars as Alfred's own translations because of lexical and stylistic differences. Nonetheless, the consensus remains that they
Alfred_the_Great
Native alphabet of the Korean language
at all. In general, spaces are inserted between lexical clusters called eojeol (어절; 語節). These lexical clusters can be subdivided into various other categories
Hangul
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
text editors, in text processing utilities such as sed and AWK, and in lexical analysis. Regular expressions are supported in many programming languages
Regular_expression
Branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages
The Raja Ampat–South Halmahera languages are a branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages of eastern Indonesia. They are spoken on islands in the Halmahera
Raja Ampat–South Halmahera languages
Raja_Ampat–South_Halmahera_languages
Chinese linguist
particularly on the phonological consequences of grammaticalization and lexicalization. His doctoral dissertation at Peking University in 2004 was entitled
Wei-Heng_Chen
Root word of a set of word forms
verb for "follow" will be found under sequor ("I follow"). Lexeme Lexical item Lexical Markup Framework Null morpheme Principal parts Root (linguistics)
Lemma_(morphology)
Bantu language
5.219: Labiodental nasals Lusekelo, Amani (17 December 2023). "The lexicalization of concepts of time in naming sequences of days in Tanzanian Bantu"
Shubi_language
Forming a new word on the basis of an existing one
different grammatical categories without changing its core meaning or lexical category: determines, determining, and determined are from the root determine
Morphological_derivation
Dravidian language
diphthongs: /aɪ̯/ ஐ and /aʊ̯/ ஔ, the latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items. Tamil has no consonant clusters at the beginning of words and the
Tamil_language
Word that is derived from, or suggestive of, the Latin language
Latinisms has a long history, dating back to the ancient times. Early lexical Latinisms are attested in various languages that came into contact with
Latinism
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
is difficult to specify the meaning at the desired level of precision. Lexical ambiguity is contrasted with semantic ambiguity.[citation needed] The former
Ambiguity
Central religious text of Islam
Rise and Progress of Mohammadanism (1911), Martin Zammit A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur'anic Arabic (2002), and Alfred Guillaume Islam (1990) Vasalou
Quran
Moribund language family of Colombia
Colombia that form a small family. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Andaqui. The Tiniwan languages are: Tinigua (Tiniwa)
Tiniguan_languages
Identification of which sense of a word is being used
including dictionary-based methods that use the knowledge encoded in lexical resources, supervised machine learning methods in which a classifier is
Word-sense_disambiguation
American English accent of South Florida
The Miami accent is an evolving American English accent or sociolect spoken in South Florida, particularly in Miami-Dade county, originating from central
Miami_accent
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
may be studied in relation to individual words (named "word stress" or lexical stress) or in relation to larger units of speech (traditionally referred
Prosody_(linguistics)
East Slavic language
varieties of Russian or Belarusian/Ukrainian. Russian also has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on
Russian_language
Branch of Austronesian languages of Indonesia
The Cenderawasih languages, also known as Nuclear Cenderawasih Bay languages and approximately synonymous with West New Guinea languages, are a branch
Cenderawasih_languages
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travel, tourism, insurance