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Kummer sum is the name given to certain cubic Gauss sums for a prime modulus p, with p congruent to 1 modulo 3. They are named after Ernst Kummer, who
Kummer_sum
Sum in algebraic number theory
calculate certain zeta functions. Quadratic Gauss sum Elliptic Gauss sum Jacobi sum Kummer sum Kloosterman sum Gaussian period Hasse–Davenport relation Chowla–Mordell
Gauss_sum
German mathematician (1810–1893)
divisors of binomial coefficients Kummer's function Kummer sum Kummer variety Kummer–Vandiver conjecture Kummer's transformation of series Ideal number
Ernst_Kummer
Sum type in number theory
2 and an odd prime number p, and for k ≥ 4 and p = 2. Gauss sum Gaussian period Kummer sum Landsberg–Schaar relation M. Murty, S. Pathak, The Mathematics
Quadratic_Gauss_sum
Infinite sum
(1852), Chebyshev (1852), and Arndt (1853). General criteria began with Kummer (1835), and have been studied by Eisenstein (1847), Weierstrass in his various
Series_(mathematics)
Solution of a confluent hypergeometric equation
hypergeometric functions: Kummer's (confluent hypergeometric) function M(a, b, z), introduced by Kummer (1837), is a solution to Kummer's differential equation
Confluent hypergeometric function
Confluent_hypergeometric_function
Describes the highest power of primes dividing a binomial coefficient
In mathematics, Kummer's theorem is a formula for the exponent of the highest power of a prime number p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other
Kummer's_theorem
Theory in abstract algebra
In abstract algebra and number theory, Kummer theory provides a description of certain types of field extensions involving the adjunction of nth roots
Kummer_theory
Mathematical method
first suggested by Ernst Kummer in 1837. Let A = ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n {\displaystyle A=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}} be an infinite sum whose value we wish to compute
Kummer's transformation of series
Kummer's_transformation_of_series
Criterion for the convergence of a series
sum _{j=1}^{K}\prod _{k=1}^{j}\ln _{(K-k+1)}(n)-1+o(1)} . Hence, ρ Kummer = ρ Extended Bertrand − 1 {\displaystyle \rho _{\text{Kummer}}=\rho _{\text{Extended
Ratio_test
Theorem in algebraic number theory
In algebraic number theory, the Dedekind–Kummer theorem describes how a prime ideal in a Dedekind domain factors over the domain's integral closure. It
Dedekind–Kummer_theorem
Topics referred to by the same term
Kummer–Vandiver conjecture about class numbers of cyclotomic fields Kummer's conjecture about the Kummer sum This disambiguation page lists mathematics articles associated
Kummer's_conjecture
Mathematical function
there are several functions known as Kummer's function. One is known as the confluent hypergeometric function of Kummer. Another one, defined below, is related
Kummer's_function
17th-century conjecture proved by Andrew Wiles in 1994
Ernst Kummer extended this and proved the theorem for all regular primes, leaving irregular primes to be analyzed individually. Building on Kummer's work
Fermat's_Last_Theorem
Identity in analytic number theory
to simplify the proof of the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem and to study Kummer sums (see the references and external links below). In Chapter 25 of Davenport
Vaughan's_identity
British mathematician
exponential sums in analytical number theory. In 1978, together with Roger Heath-Brown, he disproved the Kummer conjecture on cubic Gauss sums. He proposed
Samuel_James_Patterson
{\displaystyle h=(a-b)^{2}/(a+b)^{2}} . Found by James Ivory, Bessel and Kummer, there are several equivalent ways to write it. The most concise is in terms
Perimeter_of_an_ellipse
Family of power series in mathematics
{x^{i}}{i!}},\end{aligned}}} which is a finite sum if b-d is a non-negative integer. Kummer's relation is 2 F 1 ( 2 a , 2 b ; a + b + 1 2 ; x ) =
Generalized hypergeometric function
Generalized_hypergeometric_function
Function defined by a hypergeometric series
Gauss (1813). Studies in the nineteenth century included those of Ernst Kummer (1836), and the fundamental characterisation by Bernhard Riemann (1857)
Hypergeometric_function
Condition under which an odd prime is a sum of two squares
In additive number theory, Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares states that an odd prime p can be expressed as: p = x 2 + y 2 , {\displaystyle p=x^{2}+y^{2}
Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares
Fermat's_theorem_on_sums_of_two_squares
Natural number
prime factors of any Kummer number must be distinct from the primes in its product formula as a Kummer number. However, the Kummer numbers are not all
209_(number)
Type of prime number
theory, a regular prime is a special kind of prime number, defined by Ernst Kummer in 1850 to prove certain cases of Fermat's Last Theorem. Regular primes
Regular_prime
Rational number sequence
number Genocchi number Kummer's congruences Poly-Bernoulli number Hurwitz zeta function Euler summation Stirling polynomial Sums of powers Translation
Bernoulli_number
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
electronic computers. For instance, Beiler writes that number theorist Ernst Kummer loved his ideal numbers, closely related to the primes, "because they had
Prime_number
Mathematical concept named for Ernst Witt
Ernst Eduard Kummer studied cyclic extensions of fields as part of his work on Fermat's Last Theorem. This led to the subject known as Kummer theory. Let
Witt_vector
Mathematical criterion about whether a series converges
convergence or divergence of an infinite series ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}} . If the limit of the summand is undefined or nonzero
Convergence_tests
Difference between logarithm and harmonic series
_{k=1}^{3\cdot 2}{\frac {k}{k+3^{2}}}+\cdots \end{aligned}}} From the Malmsten–Kummer expansion for the logarithm of the gamma function we get: γ = log π −
Euler's_constant
Generalization of the binomial theorem to other polynomials
multinomial theorem describes how to expand a power of a sum in terms of powers of the terms in that sum. It is the generalization of the binomial theorem from
Multinomial_theorem
Number of subsets of a given size
. {\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\binom {n+k}{k}}{\frac {x^{k}y^{n}}{(n+k)!}}=e^{x+y}.} In 1852, Kummer proved that if m and
Binomial_coefficient
Gives information about the Galois module structure of class groups of cyclotomic fields
class groups of cyclotomic fields. A special case was first proven by Ernst Kummer (1847) while the general result is due to Ludwig Stickelberger (1890). Let
Stickelberger's_theorem
Product of prime numbers, plus one
infinitely many prime numbers. A Euclid number of the second kind (also called Kummer number) is an integer of the form En = pn # − 1, where pn # is the nth primorial
Euclid_number
Result on the class group of certain number fields, strengthening Ernst Kummer's theorem
the class group of certain number fields. It is a strengthening of Ernst Kummer's theorem to the effect that the prime p divides the class number of the
Herbrand–Ribet_theorem
Submodule of a mathematical ring
the usual ideals are sometimes called integral ideals for clarity. Ernst Kummer invented the concept of ideal numbers to serve as the "missing" factors
Ideal_(ring_theory)
Type of smooth complex surface of kodaira dimension 0
s'agit des variétés kählériennes dites K3, ainsi nommées en l'honneur de Kummer, Kähler, Kodaira et de la belle montagne K2 au Cachemire. In the second
K3_surface
Topics referred to by the same term
that drops out later, one example in number theory being Kummer's conjecture on cubic Gauss sums The strong law of small numbers, an observation made by
Law_of_small_numbers
Failure of the soft palate to prevent airflow through the nose during speech
Seminars in Speech and Language, 32(2), 191-199. Kummer AW. (2020). Kummer AW. (2020). Speech Therapy. In Kummer, AW. Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Conditions:
Velopharyngeal_insufficiency
Branch of number theory
of Emmy Noether. Ideals generalize Ernst Eduard Kummer's ideal numbers, devised as part of Kummer's 1843 attempt to prove Fermat's Last Theorem. David
Algebraic_number_theory
Number system extending the rational numbers
described by Kurt Hensel in 1897, though, with hindsight, some of Ernst Kummer's earlier work can be interpreted as implicitly using p-adic numbers. Roughly
P-adic_number
Number theory theorem
2017-02-02. Désarménien, Jacques (March 1982). "Un Analogue des Congruences de Kummer pour les q-nombres d'Euler". European Journal of Combinatorics. 3 (1): 19–28
Lucas's_theorem
Extension of the factorial function
z)+{\frac {1}{\pi }}\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\log n}{n}}\sin(2\pi nz),} which was for a long time attributed to Ernst Kummer, who derived it in 1847
Gamma_function
Types of special mathematical functions
{\displaystyle \gamma (s,z)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}}{k!}}{\frac {z^{s+k}}{s+k}}={\frac {z^{s}}{s}}M(s,s+1,-z),} where M is Kummer's confluent hypergeometric
Incomplete_gamma_function
Largest integer that divides given integers
even when there is no greatest common divisor of a and b. (Indeed, Ernst Kummer used this ideal as a replacement for a GCD in his treatment of Fermat's
Greatest_common_divisor
Algebra with unique prime factorization
ring Z [ ζ n ] {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} [\zeta _{n}]} is a UFD. Ernst Kummer had shown three years before that this was not the case already for n =
Dedekind_domain
Polynomial sequence
{3}{2}};x^{2}{\big )},\end{aligned}}} where 1F1(a, b; z) = M(a, b; z) is Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function. H e 2 n ( x ) = ( − 1 ) n ( 2 n − 1
Hermite_polynomials
extensions of Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } to any base number field. Kummer–Vandiver conjecture: primes p {\displaystyle p} do not divide the class
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Type of discrete orthogonal polynomials
K. Pearce; L. Reichel; K.C. Richards (1998). "Gram Polynomials and the Kummer Function". Journal of Approximation Theory. 94: 128–143. doi:10.1006/jath
Discrete Chebyshev polynomials
Discrete_Chebyshev_polynomials
Number
be found by another method, such as l'Hôpital's rule. The sum of 0 numbers (the empty sum) is 0, and the product of 0 numbers (the empty product) is
0
Number theory expression
{1}{p-1}}\left(n-s_{p}(n)\right).\end{aligned}}} Legendre's formula can be used to prove Kummer's theorem. As one special case, it can be used to prove that if n is a positive
Legendre's_formula
Identity obeyed by many special functions related to the gamma function
periodic zeta function, taking z = log q. The duplication formula for Kummer's function is 2 1 − n Λ n ( − z 2 ) = Λ n ( z ) + Λ n ( − z ) {\displaystyle
Multiplication_theorem
Sigmoid shape special function
denominator terms form sequence A007680 in the OEIS. This is a special case of Kummer's function: erf ( z ) = 2 z π 1 F 1 ( 1 2 , 3 2 , − z 2 ) . {\displaystyle
Error_function
Chess-playing automaton hoax (1770–1854)
1859, a letter published in the Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch by William F. Kummer, who worked as an operator under John Mitchell, revealed how a candle inside
Mechanical_Turk
Probability distribution
density function. The characteristic function of the beta distribution is Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function (of the first kind): φ X ( α ; β ; t
Beta_distribution
Product of numbers from 1 to n
Legendre's formula to the product formula for binomial coefficients produces Kummer's theorem, a similar result on the exponent of each prime in the factorization
Factorial
form of the polylogarithm. Dilogarithm Incomplete Fermi–Dirac integral Kummer's function Riesz function Hypergeometric functions: Versatile family of power
List of mathematical functions
List_of_mathematical_functions
Circle containing four or more spokes
herz des Weltkrieges: General Ludendorffs Wertung als Deutscher, Georg Kummer, 1935, p. 244. entry at the Nebra sky disk exhibition site
Sun_cross
Invariant of a quadratic form over a field of characteristic 2
discriminant takes values in F*/(F*)2, which can be identified with H1(F, F2) by Kummer theory. If the field K is perfect, then every nonsingular quadratic form
Arf_invariant
Sequence of differential equation solutions
Laguerre functions are defined by confluent hypergeometric functions and Kummer's transformation as L n ( α ) ( x ) := ( n + α n ) M ( − n , α + 1 , x )
Laguerre_polynomials
interpolation of special values of L-functions. For example, Kubota–Leopoldt used Kummer's congruences for Bernoulli numbers to construct a p-adic L-function, the
P-adic_L-function
Binary function non degenerative defined between the point of twist of an abelian variety
unity w ( P , Q ) ∈ μ n {\displaystyle w(P,Q)\in \mu _{n}} by means of Kummer theory, for any two points P , Q ∈ E ( K ) [ n ] {\displaystyle P,Q\in E(K)[n]}
Weil_pairing
Transcendental single-variable function
\operatorname {Cl} _{2}(\theta )={\mathcal {L}}s_{2}^{0}(\theta )} Ernst Kummer and Rogers give the relation Li 2 ( e i θ ) = ζ ( 2 ) − θ ( 2 π − θ )
Clausen_function
Special mathematical function
_{s}(-z)+\operatorname {Li} _{s}(z)=2^{1-s}\operatorname {Li} _{s}(z^{2}).} Kummer's function obeys a very similar duplication formula. This is a special case
Polylogarithm
Branch of mathematics
were UFDs, yet as Kummer pointed out, Q ( ζ 23 ) ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} (\zeta _{23}))} was not a UFD. In 1846 and 1847 Kummer introduced ideal numbers
Abstract_algebra
Medical diagnostic method
The sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (GD, also referred to as deiodination capacity, total deiodinase activity or, if calculated from levels of
Sum activity of peripheral deiodinases
Sum_activity_of_peripheral_deiodinases
small values of d > 1. The interest in nineteenth century geometry in the Kummer surface came in part from the way a quartic surface represented a quotient
Equations defining abelian varieties
Equations_defining_abelian_varieties
Formula in number theory
considered. In that case there is a further formulation possible, as shown by Kummer. The regulator, a calculation of volume in 'logarithmic space' as divided
Class_number_formula
Algorithm for computing greatest common divisors
This failure of unique factorization in some cyclotomic fields led Ernst Kummer to the concept of ideal numbers and, later, Richard Dedekind to ideals.
Euclidean_algorithm
Equations of motion for viscous fluids
Navier–Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinate can be given with the help of the Kummer's functions with quadratic arguments. For the compressible Navier–Stokes
Navier–Stokes_equations
Type of numeral systems
theory II, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, Chapter 4, pp. 384-386. E. E. Kummer, Neuer elementarer Beweis des Satzes, dass die Anzahl aller Primzahlen eine
Mixed_radix
Special function defined by an integral
analytical extension to the whole plane less where lie the poles of Γ(a−1). The Kummer transformation of the confluent hypergeometric function is ∫ x m e i x n
Fresnel_integral
Method for solving ordinary differential equations
C must be zero. Example: consider the following differential equation (Kummer's equation with a = 1 and b = 2): z u ″ + ( 2 − z ) u ′ − u = 0 {\displaystyle
Frobenius_method
Integers have unique prime factorizations
or over a field, Euclidean domains and principal ideal domains. In 1843 Kummer introduced the concept of ideal number, which was developed further by Dedekind
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
Fundamental_theorem_of_arithmetic
Branch of mathematics that studies algebraic structures
field Real closed field Galois theory Galois group Inverse Galois problem Kummer theory Module (mathematics) Bimodule Annihilator (ring theory) Submodule
List of abstract algebra topics
List_of_abstract_algebra_topics
Used to count, measure, and label
= 0 for higher values of k. This generalization is largely due to Ernst Kummer, who also invented ideal numbers, which were expressed as geometrical entities
Number
On finite sums of products of three binomial coefficients, and a hypergeometric sum
This holds for Re(1 + 1⁄2a − b − c) > 0. As c tends to −∞ it reduces to Kummer's formula for the hypergeometric function 2F1 at −1. Dixon's theorem can
Dixon's_identity
Mathematical group that can be generated as the set of powers of a single element
For fields of characteristic zero, such extensions are the subject of Kummer theory, and are intimately related to solvability by radicals. For an extension
Cyclic_group
German mathematician (1823–1852)
Eisenstein sum Eisenstein series Eisenstein's theorem Eisenstein triple Eisenstein–Kronecker number Real analytic Eisenstein series Elliptic Gauss sum "Eisenstein
Gotthold_Eisenstein
German association football club
Hamburg: Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 4 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2025. Kummer, Micharl (2010). Die Fußballclubs Rot-Weiß Erfurt und Carl Zeiss Jena und
Berliner_FC_Dynamo
1798 textbook by Carl Friedrich Gauss
starting point for other 19th-century European mathematicians, including Ernst Kummer, Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and Richard Dedekind. Many of Gauss's annotations
Disquisitiones_Arithmeticae
Determines the fractional part of Bernoulli numbers
n 1 p , {\displaystyle B_{2n}=I_{n}-\sum _{(p-1)|2n}{\frac {1}{p}},} where In is an integer, as desired. Kummer's congruence H. Rademacher, Analytic Number
Von_Staudt–Clausen_theorem
Special function defined by an integral
H n {\displaystyle \mathrm {Ein} (z)=e^{-z}\,\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{n}}{n!}}H_{n}} Kummer's equation z d 2 w d z 2 + ( b − z ) d w d z − a w
Exponential_integral
2025 studio album by Zac Brown Band
violin (6) Neil Konouchi – tuba (6) Annaliese Kowert – violin (6) Jennifer Kummer – French horn (6) Betsy Lamb – viola (6) Rachel Miller – harp (6) Craig
Love_&_Fear
Plane curve
surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of both distances to the two focal points is a constant. It generalizes a
Ellipse
American stakes race for Thoroughbreds, part of the Triple Crown
Herbert J. Thompson Edward R. Bradley Sloppy 2:32.80 1928 Vito Clarence Kummer Max Hirsch Alfred H. Cosden Fast 2:33.20 1927 Chance Shot Earl Sande Pete
Belmont_Stakes
Structure in combinatorial mathematics
biplanes of order 4 (and 16 points, lines of size 6; a 2-(16,6,2)). One is the Kummer configuration. These three designs are also Menon designs. There are four
Block_design
Mathematical function
= x exp ( − x ) . {\displaystyle \ {\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\rm {Riesz}}(x/n^{2})=x\exp(-x)}.} Using Kummer's method for accelerating convergence gives
Riesz_function
Collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid
El-Battrawy, I; Akin, I; Borggrefe, M; Mügge, A; Patsalis, PC; Urban, A; Kummer, M; Vasileva, S; Stachon, A; Hering, S; Dietrich, JW (12 November 2020)
Thyroid_function_tests
Mathematical technique for improving convergence
techniques for series acceleration are Euler's transformation of series and Kummer's transformation of series. A variety of much more rapidly convergent and
Series_acceleration
hypothesis (not a conjecture to start with) Doomsday conjecture Euler's sum of powers conjecture Ganea conjecture Generalized Smith conjecture Hauptvermutung
List_of_conjectures
Branch of pure mathematics
integers.) The initial impetus for the development of ideal numbers (by Kummer) seems to have come from the study of higher reciprocity laws, that is,
Number_theory
Probability distribution
{t^{2}}{2}}\right),} where M ( a , b , z ) {\displaystyle M(a,b,z)} is Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function. The characteristic function is given
Chi_distribution
Jankov Maširević, Dragana; Pogány, Tibor K. (2017). "Series of Bessel and Kummer-Type Functions". Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Cham: Springer International
Kapteyn_series
Mathematical functions
Katz, Nicholas M. (1975). "The congruences of Clausen — von Staudt and Kummer for Bernoulli-Hurwitz numbers". Mathematische Annalen. 216 (1): 1–4. doi:10
Lemniscate_elliptic_functions
Ideal in a ring which has properties similar to prime elements
not countably generated is prime. Radical ideal Maximal ideal Dedekind–Kummer theorem Residue field Dummit, David S.; Foote, Richard M. (2004). Abstract
Prime_ideal
British mathematician
1978 he proved the Kummer conjecture on cubic Gauss sums in its equidistribution form. He has applied Burgess's method on character sums to the ranks of
Roger_Heath-Brown
Sheaf cohomology on the étale site
_{m})\to H^{2}(X,\mathbf {G} _{m})\to \\&\to \cdots \end{aligned}}} of the Kummer exact sequence of étale sheaves 1 → μ n → G m → ( ⋅ ) n G m → 1. {\displaystyle
Étale_cohomology
corresponding function field extension) is cyclic. The fundamental theorem of Kummer theory implies [citation needed] that a superelliptic curve of degree m
Superelliptic_curve
Model of optics describing light as geometric rays
"Discussion of the general form for light waves" E. Kummer, "General theory of rectilinear ray systems" E. Kummer, presentation on optically-realizable rectilinear
Geometrical_optics
Algebraic structure with addition, multiplication, and division
satisfies ζn = 1 and ζm ≠ 1 for all 0 < m < n. For n being a regular prime, Kummer used cyclotomic fields to prove Fermat's Last Theorem, which asserts the
Field_(mathematics)
Type of Dirichlet series associated to number field extensions
one. He predicted existence of Stark units whose roots should generate Kummer extensions of K {\displaystyle K} and having implications for Hilbert's
Artin_L-function
group of the geometry. Knot theory part of topology dealing with knots Kummer theory provides a description of certain types of field extensions involving
Glossary of areas of mathematics
Glossary_of_areas_of_mathematics
KUMMER SUM
KUMMER SUM
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Summer
Girl/Female
Hindu
Summer
Girl/Female
Australian
Summer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sumpter.Fort Sumter, SC, was named in honor of Thomas Sumter, known as the ‘Gamecock of the Revolution’ for the fear he inspired in the British and Tory forces and the pivotal role he played in key American victories. Born in 1734 near Charlottesville, VA, he was of Welsh heritage; his ancestors probably emigrated to America in the late 17th century.
Boy/Male
Australian, Norse, Scandinavian
Hammer
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, summer, from Old English sumor, SUMMER means "summer," the hot season of the year.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from Middle English sum(m)er, Middle High German sumer ‘summer’, hence a nickname for someone of a warm or sunny disposition, or for someone associated with the season of summer in some other way.English : assimilated variant of Sumner.English : assimilated variant of Sumpter.Irish (Leinster and Munster) : Anglicization (part translation) of Gaelic Ó Samhraidh ‘descendant of Samhradh’, a byname meaning ‘summer’. The Gaelic name is also Anglicized as O’Sawrie, O’Sawra.German : from Middle High German summer ‘woven basket’ and, by extension, a measure of grain; also ‘drum’, hence a metonymic occupational name or nickname from any of these senses.
Male
Yiddish
(ק×זמיר) Yiddish form of Polish Kazimierz, KUZMIR means "commands peace."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Summer
Girl/Female
English American
Born during the summer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Comer.Respelling of German Kammer.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German
Summer Season; Place Name
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, British, Chinese, English, Hebrew
The Warmest Season of the Year; Summer Season; Name of the Season; Summer; The Hot Season of the Year
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Summer 1.Irish (Sligo) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Ó Somacháin ‘descendant of Somachán’, a nickname meaning ‘gentle’, ‘innocent’.Americanized form of some like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish name.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Summer.German and Danish : from Middle German sumer, Danish, Norwegian sommer ‘summer’, a nickname for someone of a warm disposition, or for someone associated with the season in some other way or from living in a sunny place, in some instances a metonymic occupational name for a basketweaver or a drummer, from Middle High German sum(b)er, sum(m)er ‘basket’, ‘basketry’, ‘drum’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Sommer ‘summer’. Like the other seasonal names, this was also one of the group of names that were bestowed on Jews more or less at random by government officials in 18th- and 19th-century central Europe.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Summer
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Summer
Female
German
 German equivalent of English Summer, SOMMER means "summer." Compare with another form of Sommer.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Summer, SOMMER means "summer." Compare with another form of Sommer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a summoner, an official who was responsible for ensuring the appearance of witnesses in court, Middle English sumner, sumnor.William Sumner came to Dorchester, MA, from England in about 1635. His descendants include U.S. Senator Charles Sumner, a major force in the struggle to end slavery, who was born in 1811 in Boston.
KUMMER SUM
KUMMER SUM
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Valley; Hamlet
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Unequalled; Supreme; Divine
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
High; Elevated; Superior
Boy/Male
Hindu
Auspicious
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Sporting; An Angel
Girl/Female
Greek
Son of Poseidon.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Strong, mighty'.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Forsaken; Abandoned; Appropriate; Correct; The Wind Coming with Rain
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Fortunate Lucky
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Long Life
KUMMER SUM
KUMMER SUM
KUMMER SUM
KUMMER SUM
KUMMER SUM
n.
An instrument for taking off scum; a skimmer.
n.
To give or apply a number or numbers to; to assign the place of in a series by order of number; to designate the place of by a number or numeral; as, to number the houses in a street, or the apartments in a building.
n.
Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer
a.
Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a summery day.
n.
A summer. See 2d Summer.
v. t.
To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron.
v.
One who sums; one who casts up an account.
v. i.
To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer in Switzerland.
b. t.
To fill or encumber with lumber; as, to lumber up a room.
a.
Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow.
a.
Of or pertaining to umber; resembling umber; olive-brown; dark brown; dark; dusky.
n.
A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to put a number on a door.
v. t.
To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the summer; as, to summer stock.
v. i.
To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer.
n.
The yellow-hammer.
n.
A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: (a) The lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement of a cross vault. (c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also summertree.
v. t.
To plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.
v. t.
To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating.
v. t.
To color with umber; to shade or darken; as, to umber over one's face.