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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up justification in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Justification may refer to: Reason (argument) Justification (epistemology), a property of beliefs
Justification
Idea in law
otherwise be criminal. Justification and excuse are related but different defenses (see Justification and excuse). Justification is an exception to the
Justification_(jurisprudence)
Philosophical study of knowledge
truth, and justification to understand the nature of knowledge. To discover how knowledge arises, they investigate sources of justification, such as perception
Epistemology
Concept in epistemology
Justification (also called epistemic justification) is a property of beliefs that fulfill certain norms about what a person should believe. Epistemologists
Justification_(epistemology)
Overvaluing of effortful achievements
Effort justification is an idea and paradigm in social psychology stemming from Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance. Effort justification is a
Effort_justification
Concept of Christian theology
In Christian theology, justification is the event or process by which sinners are made or declared to be righteous in the sight of God. In the 21st century
Justification_(theology)
Christian theological doctrine
but they do not determine salvation. Confessional Lutheranism sees justification as free forgiveness, received only through faith. Without faith, God's
Sola_fide
Theory explaining defense of status quo systems
System justification theory is a theory within social psychology that system-justifying beliefs serve a psychologically palliative function. It proposes
System_justification_theory
Justification and excuse are different defenses in criminal cases in the United States. Both defenses admit that the defendant committed an act proscribed
Justification_and_excuse
Setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column, table cell, or tab
setting is sometimes referred to as text alignment, text justification, or type justification. The edge of a page or column is known as a margin, and a
Typographic_alignment
How a person justifies their own beliefs when encountering cognitive dissonance
Self-justification describes how, when a person encounters cognitive dissonance, or a situation in which a person's behavior is inconsistent with their
Self-justification
Source of authority for the state or government
The justification of the state refers to the source of legitimate authority for the state or government. Typically, such a justification explains why the
Justification_for_the_state
Attempts to claim genocide is a moral action
Genocide justification is the claim that a genocide is excusable, necessary, legal, or even praiseworthy. Genocide justification differs from genocide
Genocide_justification
Ancient Egyptian funerary practice
In ancient Egyptian religion, the crown of justification (mꜣḥ n mꜣꜥ ḫrw) was a wreath or fillet worn by the deceased to represent victory over death in
Crown_of_justification
1999 text resulting from an extensive ecumenical dialogue
The "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification" (JDDJ) is a document created and agreed to by the Catholic Church's Pontifical Council for Promoting
Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification
Joint_Declaration_on_the_Doctrine_of_Justification
Protestant concept
Justification from eternity is a concept within Protestant theology asserting that the justification of a believer takes place at least partially in eternity
Justification_from_eternity
Social psychology phenomenon
Insufficient justification is an effect studied in the discipline of social psychology. It states that people are more likely to engage in a behavior
Insufficient_justification
Saving of people from sin in Christianity
sacrifice. The means of justification is an area of significant difference among Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Justification is often seen as being
Salvation_in_Christianity
Awareness of facts, or competency
true belief that is distinct from opinion or guesswork by virtue of justification. While there is wide agreement among philosophers that propositional
Knowledge
Concept in criminal jurisprudence
is distinct from an exculpation. Justification and excuse are different defenses in a criminal case (see Justification and excuse). Exculpation is a related
Excuse
Belief in the teachings of a religion
understanding of faith and works, justification and sanctification... Wesley, in a sermon entitled 'Justification by Faith', makes an attempt to define
Faith
Fundamental teachings of Calvinism
Siegbert W. "Objective Justification" (PDF). Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary. p. 1. Retrieved 26 January 2015. "Universal Justification". WELS Topical Q&A. Wisconsin
Five_Points_of_Calvinism
Two types of knowledge, justification, or argument
used in philosophy and linguistics to distinguish types of knowledge, justification, or argument by their reliance on experience. Roughly speaking, a proposition
A_priori_and_a_posteriori
2008 book by Thomas Scheck
Origen and the History of Justification: The Legacy of Origen's Commentary on Romans (2008) is a book by Thomas P. Scheck and published by University
Origen and the History of Justification
Origen_and_the_History_of_Justification
Awareness of facts
articulate one's reasons is not an essential requirement of justification. Justification is usually included as a component of knowledge to exclude lucky
Declarative_knowledge
16th-century movement in Western Christianity
disputed among modern scholars. In general, the Reformers argued that justification was based on faith in Jesus Christ alone and not both faith and arising
Reformation
Form of typographical justification used with the Arabic script
type of justification in written Arabic scripts, in which the line connecting letters is extended. In contrast to white-space justification, which increases
Kashida
Thesis in epistemology
evidentialism is the strongest argument for justification because it identifies the primary notion of epistemic justification. They argue that if a person's attitude
Evidentialism
the Justification (theology) page. The Lutheran World Federation and The Roman Catholic Church. Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. English-Language
Bibliography of justification (theology)
Bibliography_of_justification_(theology)
Epistemological theory
The main rival of the foundationalist theory of justification is the coherence theory of justification, whereby a body of knowledge, not requiring a secure
Foundationalism
Question of whether inductive reasoning leads to definitive knowledge
reasoning. The problem is that many philosophers tried to find such a justification but their proposals were not accepted by others. Identifying the inductivist
Problem_of_induction
often-discussed definition asserts that knowledge is justified true belief. Justification means that the belief fulfills certain norms like being based on good
Definitions_of_knowledge
Explanation for a set of social behaviors
existing theories of ego-justification (i.e., the utilization of stereotypes as a means to protect the self) and group justification (i.e., the utilization
Outgroup_favoritism
Epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Popper
theory. For Popper, the term "induction" refers to a logical method of justification, and he emphasized that this preference does not result from such a
Critical_rationalism
Philosophical problem about what constitutes knowledge
knowledge is equivalent to justified true belief; if all three conditions (justification, truth, and belief) are met of a given claim, then there is knowledge
Gettier_problem
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
culture, and there is still much debate concerning the ethical and legal justification for the bombings as well as their ramifications of geopolitics especially
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
Major branch of Protestantism
and the doctrine of justification, the material principle of Lutheran theology. Lutheranism advocates a doctrine of justification "by Grace alone through
Lutheranism
Epistemological argument by George Edward Moore
(fallible) justification for believing P. Immediate justification for P is a justification that does not rest on independent justification for believing
Here_is_one_hand
Arguments in political philosophy
justifications of the state are philosophical arguments which contend that the state is justified by the good results it produces. The justification of
Consequentialist justifications of the state
Consequentialist_justifications_of_the_state
justifications played a large role behind the war. Gregg Roman, the director of Middle East Forum, said that there are Judeo-Christian justifications
Rationale for the 2026 Iran war
Rationale_for_the_2026_Iran_war
Forty-two Articles (predecessor to 39 Articles)
Catholic teachings. Article 11 teaches justification by faith and rejects the Roman teaching that justification is by faith and good works. Article 12
Forty-two_Articles
Major branch of Christianity
Protestantism is a form of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine
Protestantism
Pharmaceutical clinical trial
The JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) was a clinical trial aimed
JUPITER_trial
Epistemologically probative proposition
In epistemology (theory of knowledge), a self-evident proposition is a proposition that is known to be true by understanding its meaning without proof
Self-evidence
occurrence of a death, making no implications regarding wrongdoing or justification on the part of the person killed or officer involved. Killings are arranged
List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States
Philosophy
purpose of copyright. Some take the approach of looking for coherent justifications of established copyright systems, while others start with general ethical
Philosophy_of_copyright
Right for people to use reasonable force or defensive force
force") in the Digest of Justinian (6th century).[where?] The moral justification of this can be found in Graeco-Roman natural rights theory as enunciated
Right_of_self-defense
Psychological phenomenon
The overjustification effect is a phenomenon in psychology in which providing expected external incentive, such as money or prizes, for an already intrinsically
Overjustification_effect
English Anglican bishop (born 1948)
He advocates a biblical re-evaluation of theological matters such as justification, women's ordination, and popular Christian views about life after death
N._T._Wright
Abrahamic religions and Western culture that have used the texts for both justification of and opposition to acts of violence. There are a wide variety of views
The_Bible_and_violence
Philosophical approach
to solve problems of special concern to modern epistemology, such as justification and reliabilism, by focusing on the knower as agent in a manner similar
Virtue_epistemology
Christian theology concerning the will in salvation
itself conferred by grace. This synergistic process applies to both justification and sanctification. The sacraments of the Catholic Church such as baptism
Synergism
Christian doctrine of salvific martyrdom
holds that a Christian is able to attain through martyrdom the grace of justification normally attained through baptism by water, without needing to receive
Baptism_of_blood
2018 United States Supreme Court case
mandatory minimum sentence with a statutory justification for a longer sentence, rather a justification within the Guidelines, is not entitled to sentence
Koons_v._United_States
Concept within epistemology (philosophy)
foundational justification, reads as follows: If it seems to S that p, then, in the absence of defeaters, S thereby has at least some degree of justification for
Phenomenal_conservatism
Practice in data transfers
telecommunications, bit stuffing (also known—uncommonly—as positive justification) is the insertion of non-information bits into data. Stuffed bits should
Bit_stuffing
Sterilization effected by government coercion
reproduce and is usually done by surgical or chemical means. Purported justifications for compulsory sterilization have included population control, eugenics
Compulsory_sterilization
Theory developed by William Warren Bartley
ultimate commitment or infinite regress by decoupling criticism and justification. A pancritical rationalist holds all positions open to criticism, including
Pancritical_rationalism
Set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies causes
is sometimes used in the context of justification, e.g., the explanation as to why a belief is true. Justification may be understood as the explanation
Explanation
Hot metal typesetting machine (1886–1980s)
the assembler, the assembled line moves via the first elevator to the justification vise. The vise has two jaws (1 and 2 in the illustration) which are
Linotype_machine
Type of epistemology
coherentism: the coherence theory of truth, and the coherence theory of justification (also known as epistemic coherentism). Coherent truth is divided between
Coherentism
Doctrine in Christianity; faithful humans are accepted by God
righteousness that God accepts humans. This acceptance is also referred to as justification. The teaching of imputed righteousness is a signature doctrine of the
Imputed_righteousness
Australian Seventh-day Adventist
the 16th-century Protestant principle of justification by faith alone. His representation of justification by grace through faith alone was substantially
Robert_Brinsmead
Trust that comes into force after death
this, the courts have chosen to uphold them as valid. Although various justifications have been given for this, they are generally categorised as either based
Secret_trusts_in_English_law
Practice of requiring all eligible citizens to register and vote in elections
considerably, and the penalty for not casting a ballot without a proper justification ranges from severe to non-existent. Athenian democracy held that it
Compulsory_voting
discourse is the accusation of Jews as the "killers of prophets", finding justification in some depictions of the Banu Israil (Islamic name for the Israelites)
Antisemitism_in_Islam
Jewish nationalist movement
new Israeli government, such as those who argued that there was "no justification for organizing large-scale emigration among Jews whose lives were not
Zionism
American social psychologist (born 1968)
is an American social psychologist best known for his work on system justification theory and the psychology of political ideology. Jost received his AB
John_Jost
Terrorist acts by groups of individuals who profess Islamic motivations or goals
also been roundly condemned by prominent Islamic figures and groups. Justifications given for attacks on civilians by Islamic extremist groups come from
Islamic_terrorism
Reflectiveness about truth of beliefs
false. Intellectual responsibility is related to epistemic justification, or justification of one's beliefs, and to the ethics of belief. Thomas Ash,
Intellectual_responsibility
1999 mass shooting in Colorado, U.S.
Retrieved November 20, 2021. Langman, Peter F. "Eric Harris: The Search for Justification" (PDF). schoolshooters.info. Archived (PDF) from the original on November
Columbine High School massacre
Columbine_High_School_massacre
Anglican doctrinal statement
penance, the Eucharist and justification. The core doctrine in the Ten Articles was justification by faith. Justification – which was defined as remission
Thirty-nine_Articles
Aspect of Japanese criminal law
satsujin) in Japanese law is intentionally killing another person without justification. The crime of murder is specified in Chapter XXVI of the Japanese criminal
Murder_in_Japanese_law
Concept in Christianity
because none of the things that precede justification, whether faith or works, merit the grace of justification". The Council of Trent declared that the
Grace_in_Christianity
based on anonymous allegations. While anti-corruption was the formal justification, reliance on unsubstantiated claims raised doubts about the true nature
2018_Raid_of_Austria's_Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution_and_Counterterrorism_(BVT)
Person's exterior actions or deeds
in Anabaptist Christianity. Anabaptists teach that in the believer, "justification begun a dynamic process by which the believer partook of the nature
Good_works
is an EU labour law, relevant for UK labour law, that concerns the justification test for unequal pay between men and women. Dr Pamela Mary Enderby was
Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority
Enderby_v_Frenchay_Health_Authority
alternates per word, and manage rules to use alternates for line elongation/justification Alternate forms for digit zero (of Eastern Arabic numerals): round/diamond
Zarnegar_(word_processor)
Philosophical terms
several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning, and truth. The distinction arises in many areas of debate
Internalism_and_externalism
Chamber of a bicameral legislature
replaced with the House of Councillors modeled after the US senate. Justifications for the political legitimacy of an upper house include: Mitigation of
Upper_house
Science [1989] ICR 179 is a UK labour law case, concerning the test for justification of discrimination. A language teacher from Hong Kong had done a two-year
Hampson v Dept of Education and Science
Hampson_v_Dept_of_Education_and_Science
Study of general and fundamental questions
justified. The problem is that the source of justification may itself be in need of another source of justification. This leads to an infinite regress or circular
Philosophy
Academic movement in biblical studies
has generally asserted that Paul advocates justification through faith in Jesus Christ over justification through works of the Mosaic Law. During the
New_Perspective_on_Paul
Unlawful killing of a human with malice
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse and committed with the necessary intent as defined by the law in
Murder
Nuclear energy company
its logistics needs. By April, newcleo had submitted its Regulatory Justification in the UK and formed a partnership with CEA, France's Alternative Energies
Newcleo
Act or process of acquiring sanctity
release from mortality caused by desires of the world. At the time of the justification of an individual, the Lutheran Churches teach that the process of sanctification
Sanctification in Christianity
Sanctification_in_Christianity
Meta-ethical theory
wholesale justifications of morality and stresses that our moral conduct requires no further ontological or other foundation beyond concrete justifications. It
Good_reasons_approach
Defense of Torture: Separation of Cases, Ticking Time-bombs and Moral Justification"(pdf) International Journal of Applied Philosophy, Fall 2005 Allhoff
Ethics_of_torture
Knowledge acquired by means of the senses
essential to a posteriori knowledge or empirical knowledge, knowledge whose justification or falsification depends on experience or experiment. A priori knowledge
Empirical_evidence
American philosopher (born 1941)
mental state is rational if it is "well-grounded" in a source of justification. Justification can come directly from experience (e.g. perception) or indirectly
Robert_Audi
Philosophical concept concerning reason and agreement, pioneered by Apel and Habermas
can be reached, and is therefore a view of reason as a form of public justification. According to the theory of communicative rationality, the potential
Communicative_rationality
Tendency to remember one's choices as better than they actually were
Choice-supportive bias or post-purchase rationalization is the tendency to retroactively ascribe positive attributes to an option one has selected and/or
Choice-supportive_bias
New Zealand law concerning corporal punishment
59) Amendment Act 2007 (formerly the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill) is an amendment to New Zealand's
Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007
Crimes_(Substituted_Section_59)_Amendment_Act_2007
justification of induction, since the counterinductive justification of counterinduction[jargon] is formally identical to the inductive justification
Counterinduction
Countermeasure to defend oneself against harm
oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions
Self-defense
Canadian American philosopher
externalist theories of justification provide non-inferentially justified beliefs about the external world, these justifications are "philosophically unsatisfying"
Richard_Fumerton
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
its Western and Eastern branches, and doctrinally diverse concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology
Christianity
Illegal restraint of a person in a bounded area without justification or consent
another person's movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person's permission. Actual physical restraint is
False_imprisonment
Religious law
Afghanistan uses Sharia as its justification for punishing blasphemy. The punishments are among the harshest in the world. Afghanistan uses its law against
Blasphemy_law_in_Afghanistan
occurrence of a death, making no implications regarding wrongdoing or justification on the part of the person killed or officer involved. Killings are arranged
List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, May 2026
List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States,_May_2026
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Brave as the Lord
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sai Kumari | ஸாஈ கà¯à®®à®¾à®°à¯€Â
Daughter of universal mother, Guru
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Greek
Mary's Gold; Refers to the Mother of Jesus; Flower Name; The Golden Yellow Flower; Combination of Mary and Gold; Beloved
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vanmalli | வநமலà¯à®²à¯€
Wild flower
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Messenger
Female
Native American
Native American Navajo name NIZHONI means "beautiful."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic form of Court.Americanized spelling of German Kurtz.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Heaven
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Husband of Rati; Manmatha
Boy/Male
Indian
Pilgrim
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
n.
The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
a.
Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; preeminetly orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone"; the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion bodies not regarded as orthodox.
a.
Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; as, inexcusable folly.
n.
The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete.
n.
The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.
n.
Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; as, Tertullian's Apology for Christianity.
n.
Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.
n.
Protecting plea; vindication; justification.
a.
To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4.
n.
The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.
adv.
With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.
n.
Justification; warrant.
n.
One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is sufficient for justification; -- opposed to nullifidian.
n.
The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground of justification.
n.
To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute.
n.
That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an excuse; an apology.
v. t.
The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation.
conj.
Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to since, or because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone before.