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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up justification in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Justification may refer to: Reason (argument) Justification (epistemology), a property of beliefs
Justification
Idea in law
otherwise be criminal. Justification and excuse are related but different defenses (see Justification and excuse). Justification is an exception to the
Justification_(jurisprudence)
Philosophical study of knowledge
truth, and justification to understand the nature of knowledge. To discover how knowledge arises, they investigate sources of justification, such as perception
Epistemology
Theory explaining defense of status quo systems
System justification theory is a theory within social psychology that system-justifying beliefs serve a psychologically palliative function. It proposes
System_justification_theory
Overvaluing of effortful achievements
Effort justification is an idea and paradigm in social psychology stemming from Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance. Effort justification is a
Effort_justification
Concept in epistemology
Justification (also called epistemic justification) is a property of beliefs that fulfill certain norms about what a person should believe. Epistemologists
Justification_(epistemology)
Concept of Christian theology
In Christian theology, justification is the event or process by which sinners are made or declared to be righteous in the sight of God. In the 21st century
Justification_(theology)
Christian theological doctrine
but they do not determine salvation. Confessional Lutheranism sees justification as free forgiveness, received only through faith. Without faith, God's
Sola_fide
How a person justifies their own beliefs when encountering cognitive dissonance
Self-justification describes how, when a person encounters cognitive dissonance, or a situation in which a person's behavior is inconsistent with their
Self-justification
Setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column, table cell, or tab
setting is sometimes referred to as text alignment, text justification, or type justification. The edge of a page or column is known as a margin, and a
Typographic_alignment
Justification and excuse are different defenses in criminal cases in the United States. Both defenses admit that the defendant committed an act proscribed
Justification_and_excuse
Concept in criminal jurisprudence
is distinct from an exculpation. Justification and excuse are different defenses in a criminal case (See Justification and excuse). Exculpation is a related
Excuse
Attempts to claim genocide is a moral action
Genocide justification is the claim that a genocide is excusable, necessary, legal, or even praiseworthy. Genocide justification differs from genocide
Genocide_justification
1999 text resulting from an extensive ecumenical dialogue
The "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification" (JDDJ) is a document created and agreed to by the Catholic Church's Pontifical Council for Promoting
Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification
Joint_Declaration_on_the_Doctrine_of_Justification
Source of authority for the state or government
The justification of the state refers to the source of legitimate authority for the state or government. Typically, such a justification explains why the
Justification_for_the_state
Belief in the teachings of a religion
understanding of faith and works, justification and sanctification... Wesley, in a sermon entitled 'Justification by Faith', makes an attempt to define
Faith
Awareness of facts, or competency
true belief that is distinct from opinion or guesswork by virtue of justification. While there is wide agreement among philosophers that propositional
Knowledge
Social psychology phenomenon
Insufficient justification is an effect studied in the discipline of social psychology. It states that people are more likely to engage in a behavior
Insufficient_justification
Saving of people from sin in Christianity
consequences, which include death and separation from God, and through justification is seen as righteous by God despite being sinful. Some denominations
Salvation_in_Christianity
Protestant concept
Justification from eternity is a concept within Protestant theology asserting that the justification of a believer takes place at least partially in eternity
Justification_from_eternity
Ancient Egyptian funerary practice
In ancient Egyptian religion, the crown of justification (mꜣḥ n mꜣꜥ ḫrw) was a wreath or fillet worn by the deceased to represent victory over death in
Crown_of_justification
Two types of knowledge, justification, or argument
used in philosophy and linguistics to distinguish types of knowledge, justification, or argument by their reliance on experience. Roughly speaking, a proposition
A_priori_and_a_posteriori
Philosophical problem about what constitutes knowledge
knowledge is equivalent to justified true belief; if all three conditions (justification, truth, and belief) are met of a given claim, then there is knowledge
Gettier_problem
Awareness of facts
articulate one's reasons is not an essential requirement of justification. Justification is usually included as a component of knowledge to exclude lucky
Declarative_knowledge
Fundamental teachings of Calvinism
Siegbert W. "Objective Justification" (PDF). Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary. p. 1. Retrieved 26 January 2015. "Universal Justification". WELS Topical Q&A. Wisconsin
Five_Points_of_Calvinism
2008 book by Thomas Scheck
Origen and the History of Justification: The Legacy of Origen's Commentary on Romans (2008) is a book by Thomas P. Scheck and published by University
Origen and the History of Justification
Origen_and_the_History_of_Justification
16th-century movement in Western Christianity
disputed among modern scholars. In general, the Reformers argued that justification was based on faith in Jesus Christ alone and not both faith and arising
Reformation
Form of typographical justification used with the Arabic script
type of justification in written Arabic scripts, in which the line connecting letters is extended. In contrast to white-space justification, which increases
Kashida
Major branch of Protestantism
and the doctrine of justification, the material principle of Lutheran theology. Lutheranism advocates a doctrine of justification "by Grace alone through
Lutheranism
often-discussed definition asserts that knowledge is justified true belief. Justification means that the belief fulfills certain norms like being based on good
Definitions_of_knowledge
Question of whether inductive reasoning leads to definitive knowledge
reasoning. The problem is that many philosophers tried to find such a justification but their proposals were not accepted by others. Identifying the inductivist
Problem_of_induction
Epistemological argument by George Edward Moore
(fallible) justification for believing P. Immediate justification for P is a justification that does not rest on independent justification for believing
Here_is_one_hand
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
culture, and there is still much debate concerning the ethical and legal justification for the bombings as well as their ramifications of geopolitics especially
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
occurrence of a death, making no implications regarding wrongdoing or justification on the part of the person killed or officer involved. Killings are arranged
List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
its Western and Eastern branches, and doctrinally diverse concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology
Christianity
Set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies causes
is sometimes used in the context of justification, e.g., the explanation as to why a belief is true. Justification may be understood as the explanation
Explanation
Explanation for a set of social behaviors
existing theories of ego-justification (i.e., the utilization of stereotypes as a means to protect the self) and group justification (i.e., the utilization
Outgroup_favoritism
Forty-two Articles (predecessor to 39 Articles)
Catholic teachings. Article 11 teaches justification by faith and rejects the Roman teaching that justification is by faith and good works. Article 12
Forty-two_Articles
Major branch of Christianity
Protestantism is a form of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine
Protestantism
is an EU labour law, relevant for UK labour law, that concerns the justification test for unequal pay between men and women. Dr Pamela Mary Enderby was
Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority
Enderby_v_Frenchay_Health_Authority
Epistemologically probative proposition
In epistemology (theory of knowledge), a self-evident proposition is a proposition that is known to be true by understanding its meaning without proof
Self-evidence
the Justification (theology) page. The Lutheran World Federation and The Roman Catholic Church. Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. English-Language
Bibliography of justification (theology)
Bibliography_of_justification_(theology)
justifications played a large role behind the war. Gregg Roman, the director of Middle East Forum, said that there are Judeo-Christian justifications
Rationale for the 2026 Iran war
Rationale_for_the_2026_Iran_war
Right for people to use reasonable force or defensive force
force") in the Digest of Justinian (6th century).[where?] The moral justification of this can be found in Graeco-Roman natural rights theory as enunciated
Right_of_self-defense
Pharmaceutical clinical trial
The JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) was a clinical trial aimed
JUPITER_trial
Thesis in epistemology
evidentialism is the strongest argument for justification because it identifies the primary notion of epistemic justification. They argue that if a person's attitude
Evidentialism
English Anglican bishop (born 1948)
He advocates a biblical re-evaluation of theological matters such as justification, women's ordination, and popular Christian views about life after death
N._T._Wright
Epistemological theory
The main rival of the foundationalist theory of justification is the coherence theory of justification, whereby a body of knowledge, not requiring a secure
Foundationalism
Sterilization effected by government coercion
reproduce and is usually done by surgical or chemical means. Purported justifications for compulsory sterilization have included population control, eugenics
Compulsory_sterilization
2018 United States Supreme Court case
mandatory minimum sentence with a statutory justification for a longer sentence, rather a justification within the Guidelines, is not entitled to sentence
Koons_v._United_States
Genus of legumes
from Lathyrus, and sank it into that genus. Others have disputed the justification and hence the necessity for this change. "Pisum L." Plants of the World
Pisum
Philosophical approach
to solve problems of special concern to modern epistemology, such as justification and reliabilism, by focusing on the knower as agent in a manner similar
Virtue_epistemology
Epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Popper
theory. For Popper, the term "induction" refers to a logical method of justification, and he emphasized that this preference does not result from such a
Critical_rationalism
Psychological phenomenon
The overjustification effect is a phenomenon in psychology in which providing expected external incentive, such as money or prizes, for an already intrinsically
Overjustification_effect
Hot metal typesetting machine (1886–1980s)
the assembler, the assembled line moves via the first elevator to the justification vise. The vise has two jaws (1 and 2 in the illustration) which are
Linotype_machine
Practice in data transfers
telecommunications, bit stuffing (also known—uncommonly—as positive justification) is the insertion of non-information bits into data. Stuffed bits should
Bit_stuffing
Practice of requiring all eligible citizens to register and vote in elections
considerably, and the penalty for not casting a ballot without a proper justification ranges from severe to non-existent. Athenian democracy held that it
Compulsory_voting
Aspect of Japanese criminal law
satsujin) in Japanese law is intentionally killing another person without justification. The crime of murder is specified in Chapter XXVI of the Japanese criminal
Murder_in_Japanese_law
Rationale or justification for colonialism
the 20th centuries. The civilizing mission was primarily the cultural justification for the colonization and atrocities in French colonies. In the Russian
Civilizing_mission
Australian Seventh-day Adventist
the 16th-century Protestant principle of justification by faith alone. His representation of justification by grace through faith alone was substantially
Robert_Brinsmead
Christian doctrine of salvific martyrdom
holds that a Christian is able to attain through martyrdom the grace of justification normally attained through baptism by water, without needing to receive
Baptism_of_blood
Type of epistemology
coherentism: the coherence theory of truth, and the coherence theory of justification (also known as epistemic coherentism). Coherent truth is divided between
Coherentism
Reflectiveness about truth of beliefs
false. Intellectual responsibility is related to epistemic justification, or justification of one's beliefs, and to the ethics of belief. Thomas Ash,
Intellectual_responsibility
Concept within epistemology (philosophy)
foundational justification, reads as follows: If it seems to S that p, then, in the absence of defeaters, S thereby has at least some degree of justification for
Phenomenal_conservatism
Terrorist acts by groups of individuals who profess Islamic motivations or goals
also been roundly condemned by prominent Islamic figures and groups. Justifications given for attacks on civilians by Islamic extremist groups come from
Islamic_terrorism
Doubt about God's existence
claims about the existence or non-existence of God lack sufficient justification and should be withheld. A different set of distinctions targets the
Agnosticism
Lutheran debate over imputed righteousness
that justification does not impute Christ's obedience and righteousness to the sinner, but instead the indwelling of Christ causes justification. Osiandrianism
Osiandrian_controversy
Academic movement in biblical studies
has generally asserted that Paul advocates justification through faith in Jesus Christ over justification through works of the Mosaic Law. During the
New_Perspective_on_Paul
Doctrine in Christianity; faithful humans are accepted by God
righteousness that God accepts humans. This acceptance is also referred to as justification. The teaching of imputed righteousness is a signature doctrine of the
Imputed_righteousness
Tendency to remember one's choices as better than they actually were
Choice-supportive bias or post-purchase rationalization is the tendency to retroactively ascribe positive attributes to an option one has selected and/or
Choice-supportive_bias
Illegal restraint of a person in a bounded area without justification or consent
another person's movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person's permission. Actual physical restraint is
False_imprisonment
Study of general and fundamental questions
justified. The problem is that the source of justification may itself be in need of another source of justification. This leads to an infinite regress or circular
Philosophy
Philosophical terms
several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning, and truth. The distinction arises in many areas of debate
Internalism_and_externalism
Concept in Christianity
because none of the things that precede justification, whether faith or works, merit the grace of justification". The Council of Trent declared that the
Grace_in_Christianity
Ideology that perceives slavery as a positive good
slavery, some supporters of slavery used the laws to provide religious justification for the practice of slavery. Today, slavery is considered absolutely
Proslavery_thought
2008 study published by the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization
Kelleher K and Willmann R (2008) The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform. Joint publication of the World Bank and the FAO
The_Sunken_Billions
Christian theology concerning the will in salvation
itself conferred by grace. This synergistic process applies to both justification and sanctification. The sacraments of the Catholic Church such as baptism
Synergism
Chamber of a bicameral legislature
replaced with the House of Councillors modeled after the US senate. Justifications for the political legitimacy of an upper house include: Mitigation of
Upper_house
Unlawful killing of a human with malice
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse and committed with the necessary intent as defined by the law in
Murder
Abrahamic religions and Western culture that have used the texts for both justification of and opposition to acts of violence. There are a wide variety of views
The_Bible_and_violence
Nuclear energy company
its logistics needs. By April, newcleo had submitted its Regulatory Justification in the UK and formed a partnership with CEA, France's Alternative Energies
Newcleo
Concept of an idealized society
social psychological concepts such as collective action and system justification. The term "utopia" gained widespread usage following the publication
Utopian_thinking
New Zealand law concerning corporal punishment
59) Amendment Act 2007 (formerly the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill) is an amendment to New Zealand's
Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007
Crimes_(Substituted_Section_59)_Amendment_Act_2007
Anglican doctrinal statement
penance, the Eucharist and justification. The core doctrine in the Ten Articles was justification by faith. Justification – which was defined as remission
Thirty-nine_Articles
Philosophy
purpose of copyright. Some take the approach of looking for coherent justifications of established copyright systems, while others start with general ethical
Philosophy_of_copyright
Theory developed by William Warren Bartley
ultimate commitment or infinite regress by decoupling criticism and justification. A pancritical rationalist holds all positions open to criticism, including
Pancritical_rationalism
Conviction that ethical standards do not apply to oneself
disengagement functions in the perpetration of inhumanities through moral justification, euphemistic labelling, advantageous comparison, displacing or diffusing
Moral_disengagement
Defense of Torture: Separation of Cases, Ticking Time-bombs and Moral Justification"(pdf) International Journal of Applied Philosophy, Fall 2005 Allhoff
Ethics_of_torture
"initial" justification, some contemporary Protestant Scholars such as N. T. Wright affirm that both faith and works are necessary for justification. Further
Criticism_of_Protestantism
Philosophical problem
epistemic regress is a series of beliefs in which the justification of each belief depends on the justification of the belief that comes before it. An infinite
Infinite_regress
American theorist and professor
University of California, Berkeley. His PhD dissertation was entitled "The Justification of Legal Punishment: Hegel's "Rechtsphilosophie" as Practical Theory"
Mark_Tunick
occurrence of a death, making no implications regarding wrongdoing or justification on the part of the person killed or officer involved. Killings are arranged
List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, May 2026
List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States,_May_2026
Business structure where shareholders cannot owe more than their stake in a venture
The Three Real Justifications for Piercing the Corporate Veil". Cornell Law Review. 100 (1): 99. ISSN 0010-8847. "The Three Justifications for Piercing
Limited_liability
Public exhibits of humans
the exhibits' inferiority to western culture and providing further justification for their subjugation. Such displays featured in multiple colonial exhibitions
Human_zoo
Religious law
Afghanistan uses Sharia as its justification for punishing blasphemy. The punishments are among the harshest in the world. Afghanistan uses its law against
Blasphemy_law_in_Afghanistan
Surgical modification of the male urinary meatus
alleviate meatal stenosis or urethral stricture. Outside of medical justification, it can be performed for aesthetic purposes and is considered to be
Meatotomy
Trust that comes into force after death
this, the courts have chosen to uphold them as valid. Although various justifications have been given for this, they are generally categorised as either based
Secret_trusts_in_English_law
Theological concepts in Christianity
The Arminian and Methodist order is (1) Repentance, (2) Faith, (3) Justification, (4) Regeneration), (5) Sanctification. Olson, Roger E. (2013). "An
Ordo_salutis
Formula for temperature dependence of rates of chemical reactions
calculation of energy of activation. Arrhenius provided a physical justification and interpretation for the formula. Currently, it is best seen as an
Arrhenius_equation
Ethiopic magico-religious funerary text
p. 188: Scroll of Righteousness; Chernetsov 2009, p. 110: Scroll of Justification. Also romanized Lefâfa Ṣedeḳ. Gehman 1933, p. 293. Chernetsov 2009,
Bandlet_of_Righteousness
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
Boy/Male
French English
Of the King.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dharshaneeya | தரà¯à®·à®¾à®¨à¯‡à®¯à®¾Â
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Roman Latin Maurice, MAURI means "dark-skinned; Moor."Â
Girl/Female
Norse
Thor's fighter.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Peaceful.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Meditation on Lord's Word
Boy/Male
Australian, Lebanese
Choreographer
Boy/Male
Arabic, British, English, German
Brilliant; Shining; Drummer
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Old Arabic Name; Threshold
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
JUSTIFICATION
n.
The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.
n.
That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an excuse; an apology.
a.
Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; as, inexcusable folly.
n.
The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.
n.
To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute.
a.
Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; preeminetly orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone"; the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion bodies not regarded as orthodox.
adv.
With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.
n.
Justification; warrant.
a.
To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4.
n.
One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is sufficient for justification; -- opposed to nullifidian.
n.
The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
n.
Protecting plea; vindication; justification.
n.
The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground of justification.
n.
Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.
v. t.
The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation.
n.
The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete.
n.
Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; as, Tertullian's Apology for Christianity.
conj.
Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to since, or because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone before.