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Class of chemical compounds
Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically
Iridoid
Species of insect (butterfly)
Caterpillars of these butterflies appear to prefer plants that produce iridoid glycosides, which are bitter compounds that release a hormone called gastrin
Junonia_coenia
Molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group
ends of the aglycone to form the different compounds. These contain an iridoid group; e.g. aucubin, geniposidic acid, theviridoside, loganin, catalpol
Glycoside
Chemical compound
Nepetalactol is an iridoid. It is produced from 8-oxogeranial by the enzyme iridoid synthase. Nepetalactol is a substrate for the enzyme iridoid oxidase (IO)
Nepetalactol
Terpene hydrocarbon
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Limonene
Nepeta cataria; species of plant
lemon catmint, is known for the strong lemon-scent of its leaves. The iridoid that is deposited on cats who have rubbed themselves against the plants
Catnip
Grasses grown for domestic cats to eat
are grown indoors for cats to chew. Catnip (Nepeta cataria) and other iridoid-rich plants are usually not included in the term, as they primarily elicit
Cat_grass
Chemical compound
Nepetalactones are a group of iridoid analog stereoisomers produced by Nepeta cataria (catnip) and certain other plants in the genus Nepeta in order to
Nepetalactone
Species of flowering plant in the plantain family
lavandulifolioside, plantamajoside and isoacteoside. It also contains the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol. Plantago lanceolata is native to Europe
Plantago_lanceolata
Chemical compound
Actinidine is an iridoid produced in nature by a wide variety of plants and animals. It was the first cyclopentanoid monoterpene alkaloid to be discovered
Actinidine
Chemical compound
Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Iridoids decrease the growth rates of many
Aucubin
Species of flowering plant
in herbal medicine as a remedy for depression. The plant also contains iridoid glucosides. In south-east Britain, Viburnum tinus is the principal host
Viburnum_tinus
Species of flowering plant
B, decaffeoyl-acteoside, leucosceptoside A, marthynoside, neolignanes, iridoids sesamoside, 5-desoxy-sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamalbide,
Phlomoides_tuberosa
Chemical compound
Oleuropein is a glycosylated seco-iridoid, a bitter phenolic compound found in green olive skin, flesh, seeds, and leaves. The term oleuropein is derived
Oleuropein
Chemical compound
is an iridoid. It is produced from 8-oxogeranial by the enzyme iridoid synthase (IS). Iridodial is one of the substrates for the enzyme iridoid oxidase
Iridodial
Chemical compound
7-Deoxyloganic acid is an iridoid monoterpene. 7-Deoxyloganic acid is produced from 7-deoxyloganetic acid by the enzyme 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase
7-Deoxyloganic_acid
Species of flowering plant
strong plant growth inhibitor plumericin, a tetracyclic iridoid lactone, and duroin, another iridoid lactone. This process, common amongst plants, is termed
Duroia_hirsuta
Species of moth
Helga; Bowers, M. Deane; Dobler, Susanne (December 2010). "Influence of iridoid glycoside containing host plants on midgut β-glucosidase activity in a
Spilosoma_virginica
Genus of flowering plants
honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica) showed the presence of iridoids, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic
Honeysuckle
Chemical compound
8-hydroxygeraniol as its substrate. 8-Oxogeranial is itself a substrate for iridoid synthase which synthesizes cis-trans-iridodial and cis-trans-nepetalactol
8-Oxogeranial
Chemical used by felines for communication
hours, susceptible cats gain interest again. Various volatile chemicals, iridoid terpenes extracted from essential oils, are known to cause these behavioral
Cat_pheromone
Chemical compound
Geniposide, the glycoside form of genipin, is a bioactive iridoid glycoside that is found in a wide variety of medicinal herbs, such as Genipa americana
Geniposide
Species of plant
leaves include saponins, polysaccharides, mucilage, flavonoids, tannins, iridoid and lignin glycosides, and essential oils. The plant's leaves, in addition
Verbascum_thapsus
Chemical compound
characterized as an iridoid glycoside, which is a product of the non-mevalonate pathway in plants. The iridane skeleton found in iridoids is monoterpenoid
Harpagoside
Psychoactive substance found in plants in the family Apocynaceae
by tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) to form tryptamine. Secologanin, an iridoid synthesized from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
Ibogaine
Species of butterfly
the presence of iridoid glycoside compounds in the scrophulariaceous plants that make up the majority of its larval diet. The main iridoid glycoside found
Variable_checkerspot
Chemical compound
Catalpol is an iridoid glucoside. This natural product falls in the class of iridoid glycosides, which are simply monoterpenes with a glucose molecule
Catalpol
Class of chemical compounds
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Betalain
Flowering vine known as Japanese honeysuckle
glycosides, loniceracetalides A and B, can be isolated, together with 10 known iridoid glycosides, from the flower buds. The plant also contains the saponins
Lonicera_japonica
Chemical compound
Loganic acid is an iridoid. Loganic acid is synthesized from 7-deoxyloganic acid by the enzyme 7-deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7-DLH). It is a substrate
Loganic_acid
Species of plant
Among other chemical constituents, it also contains stachydrine, bitter iridoid glycosides (leonuride), diterpenoids, flavonoids (including rutin and quercetin)
Leonurus_cardiaca
Species of flowering plant
Chemical investigation of methanol extracted from this species yielded the iridoid glycoside theviridoside along with five phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside
Amphilophium_crucigerum
Portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely digested
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Dietary_fiber
Chemical compound
found in Genipa americana fruit extract. It is an aglycone derived from an iridoid glycoside called geniposide which is also present in fruit of Gardenia
Genipin
Class of plant-derived organic compounds with soap-like properties
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Saponin
Genus
analyses Allamanda species have yielded several chemical compounds, including iridoid lactones such as allamandin, plumericin, and plumierides. Plumericin particularly
Allamanda
Species of flowering plant
aiding in seed dispersal. Chemical constituents of Galium aparine include: iridoid glycosides such as asperulosidic acid and 10-deacetylasperulosidic acid;
Galium_aparine
Species of flowering plant
plant, as has the bee Amegilla sapiens. Parts of the plant contain the iridoid glycoside ipolamiide, which inhibits insect predation on the plant. Wikimedia
Stachytarpheta_mutabilis
Genus of flowering plants
this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as iridoids, and several Scrophularia species, such as the Ningpo figwort (S. ningpoensis)
Scrophularia
American molecular biologist
in assembling important plant natural products – vinblastine, morphine, iridoids, secologanin – and how changing the enzymes involved in this pathway lead
Sarah_O'Connor
Species of flowering plant
and Shrubs of Britain p.143. Bock, Klaus; Jensen; Nielson; Norn (1978). "Iridoid allosides from Viburnum opulus". Phytochemistry. 17 (4): 753–757. Bibcode:1978PChem
Viburnum_opulus
Class of oily organic compounds found in plants
cypress trees) or pinene (present in pine trees). Iridoids derive from monoterpenes. Examples of iridoids include aucubin and catalpol. Sesquiterpenes consist
Terpene
Species of flowering plant
be isolated from the flowers of L. album. The plant also contains the iridoid glycosides lamalbid, alboside A and B, and caryoptoside as well as the
Lamium_album
Species of flowering plant
control postprandial hyperglycemia by alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Cornel iridoid glycoside, a chemical extracted from Cornus officinalis, promoted neurogenesis
Cornus_officinalis
Species of tree
posts and railroad ties. Catalpa bignonioides contains varying levels of iridoid glycosides that deter generalist herbivores, but which are tolerated by
Catalpa_bignonioides
Species of flowering plant
Picrorhiza kurroa include Kutkin, a bitter glycoside which contains two C-9 iridoid glycosides, Picroside I and Kutakoside. In 1997, kutki was listed in appendix
Picrorhiza_kurroa
Chemical compound
7-Deoxyloganetic acid is an iridoid monoterpene. It is produced from nepetalactol or iridodial by the enzyme iridoid oxidase (IO). 7-Deoxyloganetic acid
7-Deoxyloganetic_acid
Species of flowering plant
alkaloid) have also been isolated. The chemicals that attract cats are the iridoid compounds isodihydronepetalactone and isoiridomyrmecin. Some of the chemical
Acalypha_indica
Temporary form of skin decoration
primary chemicals that are responsible for skin dyeing effects. They are iridoid cross-linking compounds that spontaneously react with amino acids and proteins
Jagua_tattoo
Species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae
can occur when soils are kept too moist. Flavonoids (vitexin, casticin), iridoid glycoside (agnuside, aucubin), p-hydroxybenzoic acid, alkaloids, essential
Vitex_agnus-castus
Medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis
Hydrolysis and decarboxylation would initially remove one carbon from the iridoid portion and produce corynantheal. Then the tryptamine side-chain were cleaved
Quinine
Carotenoid pigment
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Lycopene
Genus of flowering plants in the lilac family
include phenylpropanoids such as syringin and iridoids such as oleuropein. Substituent compounds, such as iridoids, as well as crude extracts from Syringa plants
Syringa
Genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family
acid, 2′-O-caffeoyl-D-glucopyranoside ester, and caffeoylquinic acid, iridoid glucosides, triterpenoids oleanic acid and akebiasaponin D. "Dipsacus"
Dipsacus
Species of flowering plant
studies on lab rats show T. laurifolia may stimulate dopamine production. Iridoid glucosides have been isolated from T. laurifolia. Microwave-dried leaves
Thunbergia_laurifolia
Polymer harvested from certain trees
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Natural_rubber
Class of chemical compounds
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Polyphenol
Plant species in the stickleaf family
further north for assisting its migration in response to climate change. The iridoid glycoside, mentzeloside, was first identified from tenpetaled blazingstar
Mentzelia_decapetala
Chemical compound
Iridomyrmecin is a defensive chemical, classified as an iridoid, isolated from ants of the genus Iridomyrmex. It has also evolved into a sex pheromone
Iridomyrmecin
Pleasure of taste for foods or drinks
in the future. For example, the variable checkerspot butterfly contains iridoid compounds that are unpalatable to avian predators, thus reducing the risk
Palatability
Family of flowering plants
attached to the stem. Stipules are absent. Plants usually accumulate bitter iridoid substances; bicollateral bundles are present. Partial myco-heterotrophy
Gentianaceae
Chemical compound
chemical compound with two aldehyde groups, which belongs to the group of iridoids. It has in its five-membered ring three asymmetric carbon atoms and accordingly
Dolichodial
Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family
and D,[citation needed] as well as other compounds, such as catalpol, an iridoid glycoside. "Rehmannia Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.". Plants of the World
Rehmannia
Species of flowering plant
compounds in Thunbergia grandiflora, including alkaloids, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, glycosides, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds. Identified
Thunbergia_grandiflora
Foraging behavior
example is a plant called Catalpa speciosa which produces nectar containing iridoid glycosides that deter nectar-thieving ants but not legitimate bee pollinators
Nectar_robbing
Class of aromatic organic chemicals found in plants
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Terpenoid
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Palustric_acid
Species of plant
in January 2021 suggests that felines are specifically attracted to the iridoids nepetalactol and nepetalactone, present in silver vine and catnip, respectively
Actinidia_polygama
Species of plant
including anthraquinones, lignans, oligo- and polysaccharides, flavonoids, iridoids, such as deacetylasperulosidic acid, fatty acids, scopoletin, catechin
Morinda_citrifolia
Species of plant
produces many other secondary metabolites. These include various saponins, iridoids and other monoterpenoids, triterpenoids such as ursolic acid and oleanic
Mitragyna_speciosa
Pungent chemical compound in chili peppers
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Capsaicin
Species of flowering plant
acids. Chromatographic purification of the methanol extract yield two iridoid glucosides (verbenalin and hastatoside), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, verbascoside
Verbena_officinalis
Chemical compound
Loganin is one of the best-known of the iridoid glycosides. It is named for the Loganiaceae, having first been isolated from the seeds of a member of
Loganin
Species of tree
such as higher elasticity, lower thermoplastic temperature, etc. The iridoid glucoside geniposidic acid can be found in E. ulmoides. Chinese herbology
Eucommia_ulmoides
Large family of flowering plants
groups), tannins. They have terpenoid essential oils that never contain iridoids. Asteraceae produce secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and terpenoids
Asteraceae
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Nootkatin
Genus of flowering plants
see Glycoside ) (urceolide (6) and 4(S)-4-hydroxyurceolide (7)) and 10 iridoids, ( triohimas A–C, naucledal, secologanin dimethyl acetal, grandifloroside
Triosteum
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Achilleol_A
Species of flowering plant
Bo; Chen, Wei-Kang; Ma, Shuang-Cheng (2016-03-03). "Hepatoprotective iridoid glucosides from Callicarpa nudiflora". Journal of Asian Natural Products
Callicarpa_nudiflora
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Serratenediol
Vitamin D3, a chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Cholecalciferol
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Lambertianic_acid
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Monoterpene
Genus of plants
have yielded a strong plant growth inhibitor plumericin, a tetracyclic iridoid lactone. This process, common amongst plants, is termed allelopathy. In
Duroia
Red-orange pigment of the terpenoids class
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Β-Carotene
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Geranylfarnesol
Class of chemical compounds
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Triterpene
Species of flowering plant
a laboratory setting. A phytochemical study was able to isolate a new iridoid chemical from the plant's extract, which was named pensteminoside. Penstemon
Penstemon_gentianoides
Chemical compound
Verbenalin is a chemical compound, classified as an iridoid glucoside, that is found in Verbena officinalis. It is one of the sleep-promoting (soporific)
Verbenalin
Species of butterfly
P. alpina, and Alchemilla species. Larvae and pupae also contain three iridoid glucosides: aucubin, catalpa, and 6-O-glucopyranosylaucubin. Small amounts
Euphydryas_cynthia
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Citrostadienol
Chemical compound
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Mercusic_acid
Plant species in the veronica family
Jensen, Søren (November 1998). "Iridoid glycoside biosynthesis in Penstemon secundiflorus. Another H-5, H-9 trans-iridoid glycoside". Phytochemistry. 49
Penstemon_secundiflorus
Family of flowering plants
epiphytes are also present (e.g. Myrmecodia). The plants usually contain iridoids, various alkaloids, and raphide crystals are common. The leaves are simple
Rubiaceae
Species of plant
Long; Xu, Huixian; Li, Tian; Yin, Xuezhe (2009). "Protective effect of iridoid glucosides from Boschniakia rossica on acute liver injury induced by carbon
Boschniakia_rossica
Polycyclic organic compound having sterane as a core structure
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Steroid
Species of edible kelp
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Arame
Chemical compounds produced by plants
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Phytochemical
Organic compound used as flavouring and analgesic
forms) Monocyclic (single ring) Bicyclic (2 rings) Iridoids (cyclopentane ring) Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar) Steroids (4 rings) Hemiterpenoids
Menthol
Chemical compound
Navrot N, Schneider T, Burlat V, Pollier J, et al. (April 2014). "The seco-iridoid pathway from Catharanthus roseus". Nature Communications. 5 (1): 3606.
Secologanin
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