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Baseball rule about certain fly balls
infield fly rule is a rule of baseball and softball that treats certain fly balls as though caught, before the ball is caught, even if the infielder fails
Infield_fly_rule
1975 iconic article in the University of Pennsylvania Law Review
"The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule" is the title of an article by William S. Stevens published in 1975 in the University of Pennsylvania Law
The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule
The_Common_Law_Origins_of_the_Infield_Fly_Rule
American lawyer
The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule, which treated the development of one of baseball's most-misunderstood rules as if it were a legal matter
William_S._Stevens
In baseball and softball, a pitched ball that is contacted by the batter's bat
"In Defense of Baseball's Infield Fly Rule". The Atlantic. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2020. "Infield Fly Rule". umpirebible.com. Retrieved
Batted_ball
Inaugural edition of Major League Baseball's National League Wild Card Game
final game of Chipper Jones’ career, as well as for a controversial infield fly rule call made by umpire Sam Holbrook. The game was televised on TBS. Baseball
2012 National League Wild Card Game
2012_National_League_Wild_Card_Game
American baseball umpire (born 1965)
line, ruled that a popup in mid left field, 225 feet from home plate, hit by Atlanta Brave Andrelton Simmons was an out under the infield fly rule. The
Sam_Holbrook
Baseball term
base. The logic of the situation is similar to that which led to the infield fly rule. Regardless of the outcome of an uncaught third strike, the pitcher
Uncaught_third_strike
Call by the umpire against a batter or runner
Flyout-related outs: a batted ball is caught in flight (fly out); they hit an infield popup while the infield fly rule applies; a fielder intentionally drops a line
Out_(baseball)
and the infield fly rule was adopted with one out. In 1895, foul tips were made strikes, but not foul balls. In 1898, the first modern balk rule was adopted
Rules_of_baseball
Baseball threshold for incompetent hitting
Glossary Baseball rules Cheating Comparison of baseball and softball fastpitch softball 16-inch softball Ejections Ground rules Infield fly rule In flight Interference
Mendoza_Line
Illegal pitcher's move in baseball
played under the Official Baseball Rules that govern professional play in the United States and Canada, as well as NCAA rules governing college baseball, a
Balk
that an infielder could have caught the ball using "ordinary effort." The ball does not need to remain in the infield for the infield fly rule to be invoked
Glossary_of_baseball_terms
Baseball slang for a pitch intended to hit the batter
Glossary Baseball rules Cheating Comparison of baseball and softball fastpitch softball 16-inch softball Ejections Ground rules Infield fly rule In flight Interference
Beanball
Curaçaoan baseball player (born 1989)
entitled to a single, but left field umpire Sam Holbrook cited the infield fly rule and called Simmons out. Angered Braves fans littered the field with
Andrelton_Simmons
Early formalization of the rules of American baseball
ball to create a force play, the same principle underlying the infield fly rule. The rule makes no reference to the strike zone, called strikes, or balls
Knickerbocker_Rules
American actress (1951–2006)
Rialson at IMDb ' Candice Rialson 1952-2006' Sergio Leone and the Infield Fly Rule 10 August 2006 'The Wonderful Candice Rialson Is Gone', JOHNNY LARUE'S
Candice_Rialson
American guitarist, bandleader and songwriter (born 1979)
Dan (October 19, 2012). "Derek Trucks on his great uncle Virgil, the infield fly rule and other baseball thoughts | Sound Observations". Soundobservations
Derek_Trucks
Overview of and topical guide to baseball
Foul ball Foul tip Fourth out Ground rule double Ground rules Hit Hit by pitch Home run In flight Infield fly rule Injured list (historically known as
Outline_of_baseball
Hitting a single, double, triple, and a home run in one game of baseball
Stallings of the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians. Under Major League Baseball Rule 6.09(a), the "batter becomes a runner when he hits a fair ball". The single—in
Hitting_for_the_cycle
Ball used in the sport of baseball
baseball. Generally a tighter-wound baseball will leave the bat faster, and fly further. Since the baseballs used today are wound tighter than in previous
Baseball_(ball)
Occurs in baseball, initiated by a manager
Atlanta Braves: Umpires Get Infield Fly Rule Call Right". Bleacher Report. Retrieved July 29, 2019. Official Baseball Rules (PDF) (2020 ed.). Major League
Protested_game
Sports season
The infield fly rule is adopted, which is enforced when: A fly ball is hit in the infield. There is a force play at third base. The infield fly rule shall
1895 Major League Baseball season
1895_Major_League_Baseball_season
English filmmaker (born 1974)
OF 35mm AND MEMORIES OF A BRITISH ICONOCLAST". Sergio Leone and the Infield Fly Rule. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Wright, Edgar (5 August 2013). "The New Beverly
Edgar_Wright
Baseball player who can hit both left- and right-handed
Glossary Baseball rules Cheating Comparison of baseball and softball fastpitch softball 16-inch softball Ejections Ground rules Infield fly rule In flight Interference
Switch_hitter
Team ball sport
at the risk of being tagged out between bases. As in baseball, the infield fly rule applies in some game situations to prevent the defense from recording
Softball
Removal of a participant due to a violation of the rules
removal of a participant from a contest due to a violation of the sport's rules. The exact violations that lead to an ejection vary depending upon the sport
Ejection_(sports)
Target zone for a pitched baseball
vertical planes extending up from the edges of home plate. The official rules of Major League Baseball define the top of the strike zone as the midpoint
Strike_zone
Sports season
the infield fly rule, now an umpire could make a judgement about an outfield fly ball. If it is judged that an outfielder intentionally drops a fly ball
1939 Major League Baseball season
1939_Major_League_Baseball_season
American baseball player (born 1972)
final game of his career was the 2012 NL Wild Card Game (dubbed the "infield fly rule game" following a controversial call by umpire Sam Holbrook), in which
Chipper_Jones
Batting technique in baseball or fastpitch softball
Baseball Rules define a bunt as follows: "A bunt is a batted ball not swung at, but intentionally met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield." To
Bunt_(baseball)
Play in baseball
In baseball, a sacrifice fly (sometimes abbreviated to sac fly) is defined by Rule 9.08(d): "Score a sacrifice fly when, before two are out, the batter
Sacrifice_fly
Method for MLB officials to review on-field decisions
used. These plays include subjective calls, such as check swings, infield fly rule, and balls and strikes. Instead, as of the 2026 MLB season, balls and
Instant replay in Major League Baseball
Instant_replay_in_Major_League_Baseball
Equipment that protects the shin from injury
and professional wrestling. This is due to either being required by the rules/laws of the sport or worn voluntarily by the participants for protective
Shin_guard
Sport
reenactment of an earlier version of the game. Games are typically played using rules from the mid to late 19th century. Often, players dress in uniforms appropriate
Vintage_base_ball
Topics referred to by the same term
video game Infield fly rule, a rule in baseball that treats certain balls as caught regardless of outcome Instrument flight rules, rules and regulations
IFR_(disambiguation)
Former baseball stadium in Atlanta, Georgia
Holliday. Umpire Sam Holbrook called Simmons out, citing the infield fly rule. Had an infield fly not been called, Simmons would have been credited with a
Turner_Field
Sports season
precursor to the Infield fly rule is implemented, stating "the batsman is out if he hits a fly ball that can be handled by an infielder while first base
1894 Major League Baseball season
1894_Major_League_Baseball_season
Topics referred to by the same term
Infield may refer to: Infield fly rule Infield Infield shift Infielder Infield hit Infield House, country house near Barrow-in-Furness. This disambiguation
Infield_(disambiguation)
Cuban-American baseball manager (born 1964)
Game at Turner Field. González put this game under protest after the infield fly rule was called by umpire Sam Holbrook on a ball that fell in shallow left
Fredi_González
Game strategy of dubious methods
caught ball, to create a force play on the baserunners (hence the infield fly rule). All of the above are considered very close to cheating, and the abuser
Gamesmanship
Baseball video game series
thrown out while trying for extra bases is not credited with a hit. The infield fly rule is not implemented. The rosters for the eight teams are fairly accurate
R.B.I._Baseball
covered with a stitched leather coat. Base One of four corners of the infield which must be touched by a runner in order to score a run; more specifically
Baseball clothing and equipment
Baseball_clothing_and_equipment
American baseball umpire (born 1961)
field umpire Sam Holbrook called a highly controversial infield fly rule on an outfield fly struck by Andrelton Simmons. Kellogg was the second base
Jeff_Kellogg
Defensive realignment of players in baseball
The infield shift in baseball is a defensive realignment from the standard positions, to place more fielders on one side of the field or another. Used
Infield_shift
Academic journal
humorous "asides." The most well known is The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule, 123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1474 (1975). Positions on the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania Law Review
University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_Review
American baseball coach (born 1974)
and subsequently suspended for two games for arguing a controversial infield fly rule call. While the Heels lost the game, they won three straight games
Scott_Forbes_(baseball)
Illegally changing the course of play
the runner is out, unless the ball has already passed an infielder or the infield fly rule has been declared. The base is not a sanctuary. However, being
Interference_(baseball)
Tactic in baseball
the runners to second and third. After then retiring the side on two short fly balls to outfielders, the pitcher remarked to the umpire that he had balked
Intentional_balk
Law regarding baseball
publication regarding baseball is the article "The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule", written by Philadelphia attorney William S. Stevens and published
Baseball_law
1991 video game
awards $500 (double), stealing home awards $800 (triple). There is no infield fly rule in this game, which can be used to the advantage of a defender if there
Super_Baseball_2020
Sports season
graduated, was lifted. Now, any college player could be signed. If an infield fly rule was declared, and the ball bounced foul and was untouched, it was a
1957 Major League Baseball season
1957_Major_League_Baseball_season
Person charged with officiating a baseball game
1982) Sam Holbrook (NL, 1996–99; MLB 2000–2022); made controversial Infield Fly Rule call in the 2012 National League Wild Card Playoff, ejected Washington
Umpire_(baseball)
Umpire Sam Holbrook called Simmons out, citing the infield fly rule. Had an infield fly not been called, Simmons would have been credited with a single
History_of_the_Atlanta_Braves
American baseball announcer (1899–1975)
One man is said to have claimed that Lassen's explanation of the infield-fly rule was so good, “even my wife understands it.” People started calling
Leo_Lassen
When a batter safely reaches base
umpire, unless a runner is called out for having been touched by an Infield Fly, in which case the official scorer shall not score a hit; or (6) a fielder
Hit_(baseball)
21st edition of Major League Baseball's National League Championship Series
hoping for a double play. Robby Thompson popped to shortstop, and the infield fly rule resulted in an automatic out. This set the stage for Clark with the
1989 National League Championship Series
1989_National_League_Championship_Series
Field on which baseball is played
League Baseball where all infielders must be on the infield dirt when the pitch is thrown as part of an experimental rule for the 2021 season),[needs
Baseball_field
American baseball player (born 1985)
Braves' Andrelton Simmons hit an outfield fly on which left field umpire Sam Holbrook called an infield fly rule, causing a 19 minute delay as fans threw
Kris_Medlen
outfielders have to try to catch long fly balls before they hit the ground or to quickly catch or retrieve and return to the infield any other balls entering the
List of Major League Baseball career double plays leaders
List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_double_plays_leaders
final innings of the game under protest following a controversial infield fly rule ruling in the eighth inning. The protest is subsequently denied. The
2012_in_baseball
American baseball player (born 1984)
infamous infield fly rule call by left field umpire Sam Holbrook, in which Andrelton Simmons's fly ball to leftfield off of Boggs was ruled an out, followed
Mitchell_Boggs
Bat and ball game
out. Only infielders can field balls in the infield and only outfielders are allowed to field balls in the outfield. If in any case an infielder plays a
Indian_Ball
English media personality and model (born 1978)
Katie Price (born Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield; 22 May 1978) is an English media personality, model and businesswoman. She gained recognition
Katie_Price
American baseball umpire (born 1987)
2024, Valentine received both praise and criticism for a controversial "infield fly interference" double play call in the game between the Chicago White
Junior_Valentine
Sports venue type
playing field is divided into two field sections called the infield and the outfield. The infield is an area whose dimensions are rigidly defined in part
Ballpark
Bat-and-ball game
dimensions of the infield are specifically regulated, the only constraint on outfield size and shape for professional teams, following the rules of MLB and Minor
Baseball
In baseball, generally, a struck ball that ends up in foul territory
fair territory was called fair, even if it went foul before leaving the infield. These "fair fouls" led to first and third basemen being forced to play
Foul_ball
Taiwanese baseball player (born 2001)
Zhèng Zōngzhé; born July 26, 2001) is a Taiwanese professional baseball infielder for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played
Tsung-Che_Cheng
American baseball player and executive (1814–1899)
the "bound rule". Adams supported a ban on such outs, calling his preferred rule "the fly-game". Under the style of play he backed, when a fly ball was
Doc_Adams
Board game
8% in baseball) 11.7% are flyballs or liners to the infield (14.7% in baseball) and 20.8% are fly balls in the outfield (20.1% in baseball). On average
Diceball
American baseball player and broadcaster (born 1951)
Perry. He joined the Seattle Mariners in 1979 before being selected in the Rule 5 draft by the Kansas City Royals, ending his MLB tenure in 1983. He retired
Joe_Simpson_(baseball)
104th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series
plate. Tampa Bay then brought the infield in (including right fielder Ben Zobrist who was brought in to be a fifth infielder), hoping to convert any ground
2008_World_Series
American exhibition baseball league
dead, with runners not able to be gotten out as they run, until the four infielders and three outfielders have each touched the ball. This often results in
Banana_Ball
American baseball umpire (born 1951)
used the rare umpiring technique of calling balls and strikes from the infield while waiting for another umpire to put on the home plate gear after home
Tim_McClelland
Finnish bat-and-ball sport
movements and infields listed elsewhere on the page, summaries of the most significant differences from baseball are: Balls leaving the field on the fly is a foul
Pesäpallo
Bahamian baseball player (born 1998)
Chisholm Jr. (born February 1, 1998) is a Bahamian professional baseball infielder and center fielder for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB)
Jazz_Chisholm_Jr.
Tactical act in baseball
pitch—often tries to prevent this by throwing the ball to one of the infielders in order to tag the runner. This pick-off attempt is usually unsuccessful
Base_running
121st edition of Major League Baseball's championship series
a long fly ball to left-center which became lodged in the padding at the base of the outfield wall. This resulted in a dead-ball ground-rule double,
2025_World_Series
sacrifice fly from Franklin made it 8–1 Canada. Italy could not score in the bottom of the sixth, and the game ended on the Olympics run-ahead rule. Facing
Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics
Puerto Rican baseball player (born 1991)
home run. He was the first position player since Babe Ruth to play in the infield, outfield and give up three runs or more in the same game. He was also
Enrique_Hernández_(baseball)
Occurrence within the game of baseball
the act of a position player (a player who is normally a catcher, an infielder, an outfielder, or, in this context, a designated hitter) being used as
Pitching_by_position_players
Statistic used in baseball and softball
the batter's home run), sacrifice bunt, sacrifice fly, infield out, or fielder's choice unless Rule 9.04(b) applies; (2) by reason of the batter becoming
Run_batted_in
46th edition of Major League Baseball's American League Championship Series
third on Josh Donaldson's ground-rule double with runners on first and second followed by José Bautista's sacrifice fly. Kansas City's bullpen then shut
2015 American League Championship Series
2015_American_League_Championship_Series
Making three outs during the same play in baseball
out or hitting a fly ball, do not normally provide an opportunity for a triple play. A ball hit sharply and directly to an infielder, who then takes very
Triple_play
Baseball stadium in St. Petersburg, Florida, U.S.
call being overturned by instant replay, when a fly ball by Carlos Peña originally ruled a ground-rule double due to fan interference, was overturned and
Tropicana_Field
have fields with large outfields (though baseball's distinction between infield and outfield is more naturally derived, being based on the separation of
Comparison of baseball and cricket
Comparison_of_baseball_and_cricket
Large leather glove worn by baseball players
outfielder Albert Spalding, originally skeptical of glove use, influenced more infielders to begin using gloves. Spalding later founded the sporting goods company
Baseball_glove
Major League Baseball team season
the fifth. The Cubs rallied again in the sixth, scoring four runs on an infield single by Moisés Ballesteros, a two-run double by Amaya, and a double by
2025_Chicago_Cubs_season
Youth baseball program
play baseball. These rules include no base stealing, no balks, and no infield fly . Tee ball divisions are operated and determined by the local Khoury
George Khoury Association of Baseball Leagues
George_Khoury_Association_of_Baseball_Leagues
1981 baseball game in Rhode Island, US
themselves, and the clubhouses ran out of food. The wind blew into the infield, making hits difficult; Pawtucket's Dave Koza later said that otherwise
Longest professional baseball game
Longest_professional_baseball_game
Baseball stadium in Houston, Texas
were in season, the competition fields were built on a stage over the infield dirt between first and third base. Until 2017, center field featured a
Daikin_Park
Sports season
advanced more than one base on a single or infield out and when he advanced a base on a fair or foul fly out, "provided there is a possible chance and
1892 Major League Baseball season
1892_Major_League_Baseball_season
Season for the Major League Baseball team the Los Angeles Dodgers
claimed infielder Ryan Fitzgerald off waivers from the Minnesota Twins. On January 13, they designated Fitzgerald for assignment and signed infielder Andy
2026 Los Angeles Dodgers season
2026_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_season
American independent baseball league
Exceptions: pitching change or for medical issues Restricting infield shifts Two infielders must be positioned on each side of second base Increasing the
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball
Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball
American actor and comedian (born 1964)
(2001–2002), Jeb Denton on Less than Perfect (2003–2006), Jeff Bingham on Rules of Engagement (2007–2013), and Lemony Snicket on A Series of Unfortunate
Patrick_Warburton
International baseball tournament
fifth inning on a single by Christian Yelich, and Yelich scored on an infield single by McCutchen. Two more runs scored on a bases loaded single by Brandon
World_Baseball_Classic
Dominican baseball player (born 2003)
the Rockies added Amador to their 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. Amador was optioned to Double-A Hartford to begin the 2024 season
Adael_Amador
American baseball player (1910–2006)
Eddie", was an American professional baseball player. He played as an infielder in the Major League Baseball from 1936 to 1948, most notably as a member
Eddie_Mayo
41st edition of Major League Baseball's American League Championship Series
eighth inning, New York left fielder Brett Gardner reached base on an infield single to lead off the top of the inning and scored on a double by Derek
2010 American League Championship Series
2010_American_League_Championship_Series
Major League Baseball team season
2022 seasons, on a reported $6 million one-year deal. Washington signed infielder Amed Rosario on January 8 to a one-year contract reportedly valued at
2025 Washington Nationals season
2025_Washington_Nationals_season
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE
INFIELD FLY-RULE