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Soviet penal labor camp system
The Gulag was a system of labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word Gulag originally referred only to the division of the Soviet secret police that was
Gulag
1973 non-fiction book by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation (Russian: Архипелаг ГУЛАГ, romanized: Arkhipelag GULAG) is a three-volume nonfiction series
The_Gulag_Archipelago
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up gulag in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. It
Gulag_(disambiguation)
2006 studio album by Beirut
Gulag Orkestar is the debut album of Beirut. It was recorded in 2005 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Gulag was a Soviet government agency administering
Gulag_Orkestar
2003 book by Anne Applebaum
Gulag: A History, also published as Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps, is a nonfiction book covering the history of the Soviet Gulag system. It was
Gulag:_A_History
Autobiography by Doan Van Toai
The Vietnamese Gulag is the autobiography of the Vietnamese pro-democracy activist Doan Van Toai. The book focuses specifically on his arrest and imprisonment
The_Vietnamese_Gulag
Anti-Soviet military operation in Northern Russia and Siberia
The GULAG Operation was a German military operation in which German and Soviet anti-communist troops were to create an anti-Soviet resistance movement
GULAG_Operation
Ownership of people as property
the Gulag with "other forms of slave labor" and notes its "violence of human exploitation" in Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag: Stalin's Gulag was
Slavery
Topics referred to by the same term
Gulag Museum may refer to: Gulag History Museum [ru], Moscow, Russia "Perm-36" Museum of the History of Political Repression, Perm, Russia This disambiguation
Gulag_Museum
Soviet-era prison/labor camp
ispravitel'no-trudovoy lager'), commonly known as Vorkutlag (Воркутлаг), was a major Gulag labor camp in the Soviet Union located in Vorkuta, Komi Autonomous Soviet
Vorkutlag
Soviet-Russian author and dissident (1918–2008)
global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system. He was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the
Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn
influenced the Cold War were the detention of several hundred Americans in the Gulag labor camps, in addition to the obstacles in returning some 2,000 American
Americans_in_the_Gulag
Alleged Swedish child welfare scandal
Children's gulag (Swedish: Barngulag; in German: Kindergulag) was a metaphorical expression coined by the German magazine Der Spiegel in 1983, for an
Children's_gulag
which are memoirs and fictionalized personal accounts which speak about Gulag. 20 Years in Siberia [20 de ani în Siberia] by Anița Nandriș-Cudla is the
List_of_Gulag_memoirs
the support of Lenin. Gulag or Glavnoye Upravleniye Lagerej was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The Gulag penal system was restricted
Forced labor in the Soviet Union
Forced_labor_in_the_Soviet_Union
This is an incomplete list of uprisings in the Gulag: Akukan mine uprising, 1930 Parbig uprising near Narym, 1931 Ust-Usa uprising, 1942 Kolyma rebellion
List of uprisings in the Gulag
List_of_uprisings_in_the_Gulag
United States military prison in southeastern Cuba
This comparison of Guantánamo Bay to the Gulag system was met by criticism of Amnesty International."American Gulag". The Washington Post. 26 May 2005. Archived
Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp
1985 American TV series or program
Gulag is a 1985 drama and film directed by Roger Young, aired originally on HBO and later released to home video. It was reviewed by the New York Times
Gulag_(1985_film)
20th season of the reality television series
Challenge features a new format, consisting of three teams. A race to the "Gulag" was held to determine the selections of the teams. The three players that
The Challenge: Cutthroat (2010 season)
The_Challenge:_Cutthroat_(2010_season)
2018 American film
Women of the Gulag is a 2018 US short documentary film directed by Marianna Yarovskaya. and based on the book Women of the Gulag: Stories of Five Remarkable
Women_of_the_Gulag
Academic views on death rates in Stalin-era USSR
799,455 executions (1921–1953), around 1.5 to 1.7 million deaths in the Gulag, some 390,000 deaths during the dekulakization forced resettlement, and
Excess mortality under Joseph Stalin
Excess_mortality_under_Joseph_Stalin
Region of the Russian Far East
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, author of The Gulag Archipelago, to characterize it as the "pole of cold and cruelty" in the Gulag system.[citation needed] The Mask
Kolyma
Book by Caroline Elkins
Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya, published in the UK as Britain's Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya, is a 2005 nonfiction
Imperial_Reckoning
2010 American survival film by Peter Weir
prisoner of war Sławomir Rawicz, who claimed to have escaped from a Soviet Gulag and walked 4,000 miles (6,400 km) to freedom in World War II. The film stars
The_Way_Back_(2010_film)
Form of internment camp for political prisoners
Americans by the US during the Second World War, and the Soviet labour camps or gulag. The term concentration camp originates from the Spanish–Cuban Ten Years'
Concentration_camp
2008 book by Tim Tzouliadis
regarded as lacking in nuance. Americans in the Gulag Victor Herman - An American who was imprisoned in Gulag camps Robert Robinson (engineer) The Eternal
The Forsaken: An American Tragedy in Stalin's Russia
The_Forsaken:_An_American_Tragedy_in_Stalin's_Russia
enumerates the selected sites of the Soviet forced labor camps of the Gulag, known in Russian as the "corrective labor camps", abbreviation: ITL. Most
List_of_Gulag_camps
Autobiography by author who lived in the USSR
Gulag Boss: A Soviet Memoir (Russian: Гулаг Босс: советские мемуары) is a 2011 memoir by Fyodor Vasilevich Mochulsky (1918–1999), a Soviet Engineer and
Gulag_Boss:_A_Soviet_Memoir
First Gulag prison camp
keep the "politicals" in order. This was the nucleus from which the entire Gulag grew, thanks to its proximity to the first great construction project of
Solovki_prison_camp
Country in Eastern Europe
police known as Cheka. Those who resisted were arrested and deported to gulags and work camps. As members of the collective farms were sometimes not allowed
Ukraine
Global conflict (1939–1945)
known as the gulag. Between 200,000 and one million Soviet POWs and civilians repatriated from German camps were also sent to the gulag as alleged Axis
World_War_II
Macikai POW and GULAG Camps is location of the German, later Soviet prisoner-of-war camp and the Soviet GULAG forced labor camp located near the village
Macikai_POW_and_GULAG_camps
American Gulag inmate (1926–1986)
(29 September 1926 – 28 August 1986) was an American inmate in the Soviet Gulag who wrote about his experiences in 1975 after being allowed to leave the
Alexander_Dolgun
President of Russia (2000–2008; since 2012)
The Organic Theory of Societies (1873) Sociology of Revolution (1925) The Gulag Archipelago (1973) Foundations of Geopolitics (1997) The Notre Dame de Paris
Vladimir_Putin
Country in Central Europe
Union (1944–1955) Máthé, Áron. "Hungarians in Soviet captivity". Gulag.online. Gulag.cz Association. Retrieved 13 April 2026. Findley, Carter V., and
Hungary
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
that killed millions. The Soviet forced labour camp system, known as the Gulag, was expanded. During the late 1930s, Stalin's government conducted the
Soviet_Union
1936–1938 campaign in the Soviet Union
prepare uprisings and coups. They were executed by shooting, or sent to Gulag labor camps. The NKVD targeted certain ethnic minorities with particular
Great_Purge
Mine in Russia
memorial cross is installed at the location. Рудник Акукан, Virtual Museum of GULAG (archived; the website was seized by Russian police in 2008) "The Beloved
Akukan_mine
Forced labour camp in North Korea
for Human Rights in North Korea: Satellite Imagery of the North Korean Gulag: Kwan-li-so No. 14 Kaechon Overview, p. 209" (PDF). Archived from the original
Kaechon_internment_camp
and culture took on a variety of forms in the forced labor camps of the Gulag system that existed across the Soviet Union during the first half of the
Art and culture in the Gulag labor camps
Art_and_culture_in_the_Gulag_labor_camps
Soviet secret police chief (1899–1953)
hundreds of thousands of Poles, Balts, and Romanians to remote areas or Gulag camps. In 1940, Beria began a new purge of the Red Army. After Operation
Lavrentiy_Beria
2025 Marvel Studios film
shame rooms. The other shame rooms included: Shostakov being thrown in the gulag; Ghost growing up in an orphanage with no one wanting to be around her;
Thunderbolts*
English writer and historian
Udy (born February 1956) is an English writer and historian of the Soviet Gulag system. He is a member of the council of the Keston Institute and holds
Giles_Udy
Bangladeshi British academic and lawyer
"Amnesty's gulag idiocy". The Age. Melbourne. Roger Kimball (7 June 2005). "'The gulag of our times'?". The New Criterion. "Rumsfeld rejects Amnesty's 'gulag' label"
Irene_Khan
Gulag labor camp in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp (Russian: Норильлаг, Норильский ИТЛ) was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there
Norillag
Type of forced labour performed by prisoners
Union was produced by the Gulags. In 1951, the Gulags extracted over four times as much gold as the rest of the economy. Gulag camps also produced all of
Penal_labour
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
initiated, resulting in 142,000 deportations between 1945 and 1949. The Gulag system of forced labour camps was expanded further. By January 1953, three
Joseph_Stalin
Concentration camp in North Korea
Mike (2015). North Korea Image Analysis of Camp 16 (PDF). "The Hidden Gulag – Exposing Crimes against Humanity in North Korea's Vast Prison System (pp
Hwasong_concentration_camp
Secret police of the Soviet Union (1934–1946)
hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens. The agency sent millions to the Gulag system of forced labor camps and, during World War II, carried out the mass
NKVD
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
April 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2016. Nghia, M. Vo (2004). The Bamboo Gulag: Political Imprisonment in Communist Vietnam. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1714-8
Vietnam_War
Political prison camp in North Korea
map". Washington Post, July 20, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2012. "The Hidden Gulag – Exposing Crimes against Humanity in North Korea's Vast Prison System (p
Hoeryong_concentration_camp
Political reforms by Nikita Khrushchev
Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3207-0. Gulag Museum of Perm, Russia; US National Park Service. "Introduction: Stalin's Gulag". Gulag: Soviet Forced Labor Camps and
De-Stalinization
Russian-born ichthyologist and anti-Stalinist
Russian-born artist who wrote one of the earliest accounts of escaping the Soviet Gulag system, along with her husband Vladimir V. Tchernavin. Tatiana Vasilievna
Tatiana_Tchernavin
Country in East Asia
Pierre (2001). The Aquariums of Pyongyang: Ten Years in a North Korean Gulag. New York: BasicBooks. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-465-01101-8. Mansourov, Alexandre
North_Korea
Concentration camp in North Korea
* "North Korea's Camp No. 25" (PDF). Retrieved 2025-12-08. "The Hidden Gulag – Exposing Crimes against Humanity in North Korea's Vast Prison System (satellite
Chongjin_concentration_camp
Village in South Khorasan, Iran
Gowlag (Persian: گولگ, also Romanized as Gūlag, Gauwalg, Goolag, Goualg, and Gūlak) is a village in Jolgeh-e Mazhan Rural District, Jolgeh-e Mazhan District
Gowlag
North Korean concentration camp
for Human Rights in North Korea: Satellite Imagery of the North Korean Gulag: Kwan-li-so No. 18 Bukchang Overview, p. 209" (PDF). Archived from the original
Pukchang_concentration_camp
Russian writer (1908–1985)
the Far Eastern Soviet Gulag camps from 1938 to 1953. Along with Boris Dyakov and Yury Pilyar, he published his memoirs of Gulag life as part of the second
Andrey_Aldan-Semenov
Russian scientist and political prisoner (1887–1949)
ichthyologist who became famous as one of the first and few prisoners of the Soviet Gulag system to escape abroad. Tchernavin was born in 1887 in Tsarskoye Selo,
Vladimir_V._Tchernavin
Soviet secret police official (1891–1938)
White Sea–Baltic Canal with Naftaly Frenkel, using penal labor from the gulag system, during which 12,000–25,000 laborers died. Like many NKVD officers
Genrikh_Yagoda
Russian-language ironic expression
Solzhenitsyn in his Gulag Archipelago records the expression "Stalin's fur" in the meaning of no fur of any kind, in reference to the dress of Gulag inmates, supposedly
Fish_fur
Former forced labor colony in Kuchino, Perm Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
established by the former Soviet Union during the Stalin era, known as the Gulag. Since 1972 the camp was designated a "strict regime" and "special regime"
Perm-36
Polish-French writer and polyglot (1909-2004)
Polish-French writer and polyglot. Rossi was best known for his books on the Gulag. He was born as Franz Xaver Heyman and was the son of architect Martin (Marcin)
Jacques_Rossi
1953 gulag revolt in USSR
uprising was a major uprising of forced labor camp inmates at the Rechlag Gulag special labor camp in Vorkuta, Russian SFSR, USSR from 19 July (or 22 July)
Vorkuta_uprising
1953 uprising by Gulag inmates in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
The Norilsk uprising was a major strike by Gulag inmates in Gorlag, an MVD special camp for political prisoners, and later in the two camps of Norillag
Norilsk_uprising
Type of Gulag camps
MVD special camps of the Gulag (Russian: Особые лагеря МВД, особлаги, osobye lagerya, osoblags) was a system of special labor camps established addressing
MVD_special_camp
Political prison camp in North Korea
gulag" Archived March 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Reuters. Glionna, John M. (January 27, 2010). "North Korean ex-prisoners recall ordeal in gulag"
Yodok_concentration_camp
NKVD officer
OGPU, NKVD) high-ranking functionary, chief of the Gulag (1930–1932) and deputy chief of the Gulag (1932–1936). Born in Elovka, Krasnoyarsk Krai, in the
Lazar_Kogan
President of Syria from 2000 to 2024
from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2018. "America's gulag: Syrian regime was a 'common destination' for CIA rendition". Al Bawaba
Bashar_al-Assad
Continent
caused millions of deaths; surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced labour. Stalin was also responsible for the Great Purge of
Europe
2000 book by Kang Chol-hwan and Pierre Rigoulot
The Aquariums of Pyongyang: Ten Years in the North Korean Gulag (Korean: 수용소의 노래), by Kang Chol-hwan and Pierre Rigoulot, is an account of the imprisonment
The_Aquariums_of_Pyongyang
Soviet officer and secret police functionary (1896–1938)
police. Notable posts include deputy chief of the Gulag from 1935 to 1937 and chief administrator of the Gulag from 16 August 1937 to 16 November 1938. Pliner
Israel_Pliner
Soviet security officer (1883–1960)
work in the Gulag, starting from the forced labor camp of the Solovetsky Islands, which is recognised as one of the earliest sites of the Gulag. Naftaly
Naftaly_Frenkel
March, 3rd 2003. The Committees for Freedoms organized every year "Memento Gulag", a day of international studies on the repression and crimes of communist
Comitatus_pro_Libertatibus
Island country in Oceania
Retrieved 6 August 2016. "Life for asylum seekers in Australia's 'Pacific Gulag' on Nauru". South China Morning Post (SCMP). Agence France-Presse (AFP)
Nauru
Polish Army lieutenant (1915–2004)
he claimed that in 1941 he and six others had escaped from a Siberian Gulag camp and begun a long journey south on foot (about 6,500 km or 4,000 mi)
Sławomir_Rawicz
Monastery and Soviet prison in Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Voennykh Prokurorov (Moscow, 2000), 69. Solzhenitsyn, Gulag Archipelago, 181. Solzhenitsyn, Gulag Archipelago, 181–184. Jensen and Petrov, Stalin's Loyal
Sukhanovo_Prison
Soviet labor camp
Дубравлаг), was a Gulag labor camp of the Soviet Union located in Yavas, Mordovia from 1948 to 2005. The Dubravlag was founded as one of several Gulag special camps
Dubravlag
Road in eastern Russia
started the first stretch in 1932, and construction continued with the use of gulag labor until 1953. It has been widely claimed that an estimated[by whom?]
R504_Kolyma_Highway
Novel by Mikhail Bulgakov, written 1928–1940
later that year. Books portal Literature portal Soviet Union portal The Gulag Archipelago Azazel in popular culture Big Read (Bulgaria) Big Read (Hungarian)
The_Master_and_Margarita
American historian (born 1964)
(2002–2006). She won the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 2004 for Gulag: A History. She is a staff writer for The Atlantic magazine, as well as
Anne_Applebaum
Punishments by the state included summary executions, sending innocent people to Gulag, forced resettlement, and stripping of citizen's rights. Repression was
Political repression in the Soviet Union
Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union
Russian-American documentary filmmaker
Academy Award short-listed documentary film Women of the Gulag based on the book Women of the Gulag: Stories of Five Remarkable Lives by Paul Roderick Gregory
Marianna_Yarovskaya
Town in the Komi Republic, Russia
forced-labour camps of the Gulag. Vorkutlag was established in 1932 with the start of mining. It was the largest of the Gulag camps in European Russia and
Vorkuta
1988–1991 breakup of the sovereign state
and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Vasyl
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Russian state from 1721 to 1917
revolution • Korenization • Stalinism • Collectivization • Industrialization • Gulag • Great Purge • Great Patriotic War • Cold War • Warsaw Pact • Comecon •
Russian_Empire
Jonas Vabalas (28 October 1908 – 13 May 1978) was a Lithuanian military officer and sportsperson. An accomplished officer, Vabalas was nineteen times champion
Jonas_Vabalas
constantly and restlessly patrol and protect Keystone City. He is saved from the Gulag bombing by Jade's shields. Hawkman: Now a literal 'hawk man', he has become
List of Kingdom Come (comics) characters
List_of_Kingdom_Come_(comics)_characters
American folk band
brass section was in New York, in May 2006, in support of their debut album Gulag Orkestar, though they performed their first show with Condon, Petree, and
Beirut_(band)
Video game franchise
Activision. The video tells the story of how Captain Price ended up in a Russian Gulag set before the events of Modern Warfare 2. On November 6, 2015, upon the
Call_of_Duty
Soviet security officer (1898–1939)
develop the Gulag system of camps and became deputy chief of the Gulag in 1930. From June 9, 1932 to August 17, 1937, he was head of the Gulag. He was awarded
Matvei_Berman
1929–1932 Soviet repression of peasants
OGPU with a vast pool of forced labor that became the cornerstone of the Gulag system, along with contributing greatly to the collapse of Soviet agriculture
Dekulakization
American economist (born 1941)
Gregory's book Women of the Gulag inspired an Oscar-shortlisted film of the same name, directed by Marianna Yarovskaya. Women of the Gulag: Stories of Five Remarkable
Paul_Roderick_Gregory
Tattoo culture
criminal career and ranking. Specifically among those imprisoned under the Gulag system of the Soviet era, the tattoos served to differentiate a criminal
Russian_criminal_tattoos
American black metal band
Wotansvolk on vocals, Gelal Necrosodomy on guitar, Demonic on bass, and The Gulag on drums; the same lineup that would record Kosherat in 2005. Kosherat was
Grand_Belial's_Key
Place in Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan
reservoirs are located. It was the location of a major labor camp of the Gulag system maintained by the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s. Aleksandr
Ekıbastūz
American writer
(September 4, 1923 – November 10, 2007) was an American survivor of the Soviet Gulag system, who wrote several books which described his experiences in it after
John_H._Noble
Russian writer
Владимировна;1916–2000), was a Ukrainian writer, actress, puppet theater director and Gulag survivor. In literary value and historical witness, her notes from the Soviet
Hava_Volovich
Russian painter
remembered as one of few artists who has recorded the life of prisoners in the Gulag in the form of paintings. Getman had a difficult childhood in Ukraine, often
Nikolai_Getman
Soviet footballer (1937–1990)
instead prosecuted and sentenced to twelve years of forced labour under the Gulag system (abolished in 1960 and replaced by prisons). The conviction was highly
Eduard_Streltsov
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