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American research program
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history during the Quaternary Period of Earth's
Global_Volcanism_Program
2025. "Ruang". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017. "Global Volcanism Program | Ruang". "Dampak
List of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century
List_of_volcanic_eruptions_in_the_21st_century
Global Volcanism Program (Report). Smithsonian Institution. doi:10.5479/si.GVP.SEAN197905-261140. "Report on Nyiragongo". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
List_of_volcanic_eruptions_by_death_toll
Set of volcanoes considered especially dangerous
ISSN 1050-4818. Retrieved 2025-08-27. "Global Volcanism Program | Koryaksky". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2022-02-06. Ford, Robert
Decade_Volcanoes
Geological feature
"Global Volcanism Program | Guatemala Volcanoes". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-04-07. "Global Volcanism Program |
Active_volcano
Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater
"Kīlauea". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Global Volcanism Program | Masaya". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved
Lava_lake
Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Augustine". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Colo". Global Volcanism Program.
List of volcanic eruptions 1500–2000
List_of_volcanic_eruptions_1500–2000
Volcano on the Kamchatka peninsula, Russia
2013". Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2018-04-26. "Global Volcanism Program | Sheveluch". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved
Klyuchevskaya_Sopka
Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
Retrieved 16 October 2024. "Global Volcanism Program | Report on Galunggung (Indonesia) – June 1982". Global Volcanism Program. doi:10.5479/si.gvp.sean198206-263140
Stratovolcano
Volcano on Montserrat in the Caribbean
Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-06-05. "Soufrière Guadeloupe". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-06-05
Soufrière_Hills
Institution | Global Volcanism Program. "Global Volcanism Program | Bláfjall". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. "Global Volcanism Program | Herdubreid"
List_of_stratovolcanoes
Volcanic event
"Mayon". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2 August 2010. "Lamington: Photo Gallery". Global Volcanism Program
Volcanic_eruption
Stratovolcano in Puebla, Mexico
here is from the Smithsonian Institution-Global Volcanism Program. "Popocatépetl". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 25 May
Popocatépetl
Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-03-21. "Adare Peninsula". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2018-01-20. "Adare Peninsula"
List of volcanoes in Antarctica
List_of_volcanoes_in_Antarctica
January 2024. "Hengill". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2024-01-28. "Hofsjokull". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
List_of_volcanoes_in_Iceland
Volcanism Program. "Volcán Ipala". Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program. "Ixtepeque". Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program.
List of volcanoes in Guatemala
List_of_volcanoes_in_Guatemala
Active volcano in Quetzaltenango Department, Guatemala
year cyclic timescales between periods of high volcanism with high extrusion rates and low volcanism with low extrusion rates. The latest with high extrusion
Santa_María_(volcano)
Stratovolcano in western Guatemala
of volcanoes in Guatemala "Tacaná". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-27. "Volcán Tacina: Mexico". Retrieved 2011-05-06
Volcán_Tacaná
Active stratovolcano on Sumbawa, Indonesia
Subfeatures". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 24 June 2021. "Tambora: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
Mount_Tambora
Active stratovolcano in the South Sandwich Islands
Island (Mount Michael)". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 8 October 2025. Smellie, J. L. (1999). "Volcanism in Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic
Mount_Michael
Highest mountain in Guatemala and in all of Central America
"Tajumulco". Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 22 April 2017. Stewart, Iain (2009). The Rough Guide
Volcán_Tajumulco
Tectonic belt of earthquakes and volcanoes
Ojos del Salado". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-07-15. "Llullaillaco". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
Ring_of_Fire
Active submarine volcano in the Pacific Ocean
Woodlark Basin "Kavachi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2010-02-26. "Kavachi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
Kavachi
Predictive qualitative scale for explosiveness of volcanic eruptions
caldera-forming eruptions, of large, but unknown magnitudes. By 2010, the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution had cataloged the assignment of
Volcanic_explosivity_index
Submerged caldera in the Aegean Sea
listed by the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History's Global Volcanism Program: In 2024, researchers identified a massive, ancient eruption of
Santorini_caldera
Stratovolcano in Flores, Indonesia
Kipling Society, 18 March 2008 "Global Volcanism Program | Lewotobi". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2025-05-19. "Flores
Lewotobi
Volcanic island in Tonga
starling. List of volcanoes in Tonga "Global Volcanism Program | Tofua". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 5 November 2025. Caulfield
Tofua
Fike (a pyroclastic cone) and Mount Billa (a cinder cone). "O'a Caldera". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-24. v t e
O'a_Caldera
003. "Global Volcanism Program". Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2021-06-24. "Holocene Volcano List". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland
List_of_volcanic_eruptions_in_Iceland
Potentially active volcano in Pampanga, Philippines
Fumarole activity is reported on the NW side of the summit. The Global Volcanism Program lists Mount Arayat as Holocene. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology
Mount_Arayat
Stratovolcano in Iceland
Retrieved 25 February 2024. "Snaefellsjökull: General Information". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2010-02-16. "Flash map of Snæfellsjökull"
Snæfellsjökull
Volcano in the Caribbean Netherlands
major eruption was at least 5,000 years ago. According to the U.S. Global Volcanism Program, Saba's volcano is the northernmost active volcano in the Caribbean
Mount_Scenery
10 November 2013 "Global Volcanism Program | Tilocalar". www.volcano.si.edu. Retrieved 10 November 2013. "Global Volcanism Program | Negros de Aras".
List_of_volcanoes_in_Chile
Southeast Asia". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved August 18, 2011. "Volcano Data Criteria". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
List of active volcanoes in the Philippines
List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines
"Damavand". Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 16 May 2026. "Qal'eh Hasan Ali". Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 16 May 2026
List_of_volcanoes_in_Iran
"Global Volcanism Program | Nevado del Sajama". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-09-12. "Global Volcanism Program |
List of highest points of South American countries
List_of_highest_points_of_South_American_countries
Stratovolcano in Oregon, United States
which is in the public domain. "Global Volcanism Program | Hood". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved September 18, 2024. Crandell
Mount_Hood
Islands of New Caledonia
islands". UCSanDiego. Retrieved 7 August 2024. "Hunter Island". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Maillet, P.; Monzier, M. (1982). "Volcanisme
Matthew Island and Hunter Island
Matthew_Island_and_Hunter_Island
Active stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, Italy
phonolitic tephrite). According to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, Vesuvius has had 54 confirmed eruptions during the Holocene Epoch
Mount_Vesuvius
Active volcano in Hawaii
June 19, 2018. Global Volcanism Program, 2017. Report on Kilauea (United States). In: Venzke, E (ed.), Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 42:8.
Kīlauea
Volcano in Guatemala
14 September 2011. Media related to Volcán de Fuego at Wikimedia Commons Map to Volcano Global Volcanism Program YouTube Video of the eruption on 3 June
Volcán_de_Fuego
Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Takahe". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Taveuni". Global Volcanism Program.
List_of_shield_volcanoes
Highest mountain in Panama
showed that the volcanism falls into two groups that range from 20 million years to recent. They also showed that the youngest volcanism consists primarily
Volcán_Barú
November 13, 2015. "Global Volcanism Program; Mariveles". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved November 16, 2015. "Global Volcanism Program; Masaraga". Smithsonian
List of mountains in the Philippines
List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines
Volcano in Ethiopia
24 November 2025. Retrieved 24 November 2025. "Hayli Gubbi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Hayli Gubbi volcano (Ethiopia): large
Hayli_Gubbi
Volcano on the island of Luzon, Philippines
the last eruptive activity dated as Holocene as reported by the Global Volcanism Program. Thick lava flows from that period are present on the flanks of
Mount_Masaraga
2022-10-09. "Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Metis Shoal". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. https://www
List of islands created since the 20th century
List_of_islands_created_since_the_20th_century
Chain of volcanoes in the Gulf of Guinea
1093/petrology/egh067. "San Carlos". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2011-02-04. "Santa Isabel". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
Cameroon_line
Volcano in Bali, Indonesia
doi:10.17014/ijog.vol4no3.20094. "Batur General Information". Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved
Mount_Batur
Island volcano in Mexico
extinction. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Volcán Bárcena. "Bárcena". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 27 June 2021
Volcán_Bárcena
Volcano in Katmai National Park, Alaska, US
Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved January 1, 2009. "Katmai". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
Novarupta
(2008). "Postglacial Volcanism in Iceland" (PDF). Jökull. 58: 197–228. doi:10.33799/jokull2008.58.197. "Global Volcanism Program | Holocene Volcano List"
Volcanism_of_Iceland
in China "Arshan". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2015-11-07. "Honggeertu". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
List_of_volcanoes_in_China
Volcanic activity in Canada
"Silverthrone". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved March 2, 2009. "Garibaldi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
Volcanism_of_Canada
Volcanic island in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
6 May 2022. "Krakatoa". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Global Volcanism Program; Smithsonian Institution
Anak_Krakatoa
Active stratovolcano in Ecuador
History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2018-12-01. "Global Volcanism Program | Cotopaxi". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism
Cotopaxi
Highest mountain of Russia and Europe
Holocene, and according to the Global Volcanism Program, the last eruption took place about AD 50. Evidence of recent volcanism includes several lava flows
Mount_Elbrus
Submarine volcano in the Caribbean Sea
down the ridge slope to the west toward the Grenada Basin. The Global Volcanism Program reports the summit to be 185 m (607 ft) below the sea surface.
Kick_'em_Jenny
One of the Japanese Volcano Islands
NHK as the preferable reading to Iōtō for broadcasting. "Ioto". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-11-04. "Iōjima no koshō
Iwo_Jima
Stratovolcano in Indonesia
Lists of volcanoes Argo Semeru "Global Volcanism Program | Semeru". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 29 September 2022. "Indonesia's
Semeru
Island of the Northern Mariana Islands
at the Wayback Machine Monatsbericht 04/1990 im Global Volcanism Program. "Global Volcanism Program: Anatahan - Monthly Reports". Volcano.si.edu. Archived
Anatahan
Mountain in Dominica in the Lesser Antilles
2010-03-24. "Morne Diablotin". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2010-03-13. "Global Volcanism Program | Morne Diablotins". Smithsonian
Morne_Diablotins
Volcanic caldera in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
the name of the Yucatán Peninsula. The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program cites the Indonesian name, Krakatau, as the correct name, but says
Krakatoa
Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Global Volcanism Program | Kialagvik". volcano.si.edu. Retrieved June 14, 2018. "Global Volcanism Program | Kukak". volcano.si.edu
List of volcanoes in the United States
List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_States
Active complex volcano in Nicaragua
"Masaya". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2009-01-22. "Global Volcanism Program | Masaya". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism
Masaya_Volcano
from the Global Volcanism Program website. Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website. Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website
List_of_Mount_Etna_eruptions
Stratovolcano in Luzon, Philippines
February 2000". Global Volcanism Program. February 2000. doi:10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200002-273030. Retrieved August 6, 2019. Global Volcanism Program (1999). Wunderman
Mayon
Highest peak in Mexico and highest volcano in North America
Spanish). Retrieved 2025-03-20. "Global Volcanism Program | Pico de Orizaba". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2025-03-20. "Etimologías
Pico_de_Orizaba
Antarctic shield volcano
Antarctica Ranges". World Ribus. Retrieved 2024-12-26. "Siple". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. http://www.skimountaineer.com/ROF/ROF
Mount_Siple
Active volcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy
that pressurised magma is still moving through the system. The Global Volcanism Program has assigned a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) to all of Mount
Mount_Etna
Cinder cone in British Columbia, Canada
125. Global Volcanism Program: Edziza, General Information. BC Geographical Names: Pillow Ridge. Souther 1992, p. 219. Global Volcanism Program: Edziza
Eve_Cone
Inactive volcano in the Philippines
the separate Taal caldera by the Global Volcanism Program. The volcano has no recorded historic eruption but volcanism is still evident through geothermal
Mount_Makiling
Active stratovolcano in Japan
deprecated archival service (link) "Global Volcanism Program | Yoteizan". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-11-29. "Yoteizan:
Mount_Yōtei
Volcano in Bolivia
6 mi) to the east that is Quetena's nearest higher neighbor. The Global Volcanism Program classifies Quetena as a fissure vent/cluster-type volcano and lists
Quetena
Active volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Retrieved 9 December 2023. Global Volcanism Program, 2018. Report on Marapi (Indonesia) (Venzke, E., ed.). Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 43:6. Smithsonian
Mount_Marapi
Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
"Purico Complex". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 30 December 2013. "Billy Mitchell". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
Shield_volcano
Chirip". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Gora Kanzhakovskiy Kamen, Russia at Peakbagger.com "Anjuisky". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
List of mountains and hills of Russia
List_of_mountains_and_hills_of_Russia
Complex stratovolcano in El Salvador
stratovolcano in central El Salvador. List of volcanoes in El Salvador List of stratovolcanoes "Tecapa". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. v t e
Tecapa
Volcanic activity of New Zealand
Fiji, Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. "Smithsonian Global Volcanic Program:Raoul Island". "Raoul Island". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
Volcanism_of_New_Zealand
Volcano in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
of volcanoes in Japan Aso Shrine Aso Volcano Museum "Asosan". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Cities on Volcanoes 5". u-tokyo.ac.jp
Mount_Aso
Mountain in Guatemala
cinder cone fields in south-eastern Guatemala. List of volcanoes in Guatemala "Ipala". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. v t e v t e
Volcán_Ipala
Large undersea volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea south of Naples
but the main source will not be an eruption, but maybe a landslide. "Marsili". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
Marsili
Field of submarine volcanoes near Sicily, Italy
Mediterranean Ridge Eratosthenes Seamount "Campi Flegrei Mar Sicilia". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28. 37°06′N 12°42′E
Campi_Flegrei_Mar_Sicilia
Volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea
Information". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 28, 2019. "Ischia: Synonyms & Subfeatures". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
Ischia
Submarine volcano near Tongatapu, Tonga
Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2 February 2022. "Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program
Hunga_Tonga–Hunga_Haʻapai
Vayotssar "Aragats". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2018-01-21. "Ghegam Ridge". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
List_of_volcanoes_in_Armenia
in Wallis Islands List of volcanoes in Samoa Volcanoes portal Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution "Existencia de Volcanes en Venezuela"
Lists_of_volcanoes
Stratovolcano on the island of Flores, Indonesia
June 1911. List of ultras of the Malay Archipelago List of volcanoes in Indonesia "Inierie". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. v t e
Inierie
"Global Volcanism Program: Savai'i". Smithsonian Institution. "Global Volcanism Program: Upolu". Smithsonian Institution. "Global Volcanism Program: Tutuila"
Geography_of_Samoa
Mountain on the China–North Korea border
Press. ISBN 978-7-03-006285-7. "Global Volcanism Program | Changbaishan". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 6 February 2023. Pan
Mount_Paektu
Volcano in Colorado, United States
effusive magmatic volcanism through a period of explosive phreatomagmatic maar-forming volcanism to a final period of explosive magmatic volcanism. They also
Dotsero
Mountain in Chile
Reports". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved June 29, 2021. "Calbuco: General Information". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian
Calbuco_(volcano)
Part of the Amur-Eurasian tectonic boundary
Plateau". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Oka Plateau". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. "Vitim Plateau". Global Volcanism
Baikal_Rift_Zone
Volcanic field in the Michoacán and Guanajuato states of central Mexico
Jorullo Cinder Cone List of volcanic fields "Michoacán-Guanajuato". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved
Michoacán–Guanajuato volcanic field
Michoacán–Guanajuato_volcanic_field
Volcanic cone in the country of Papua New Guinea
World Ribus. Retrieved 25 December 2024. "Bagana - Global Volcanism Program". Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 25 December 2024. "Earthquake-Report.com"
Bagana
Catastrophic volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815
or documents of the United States Geological Survey. "Tambora". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2022-02-08. Stothers, Richard
1815 eruption of Mount Tambora
1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora
Mountain in Washington state, United States
Company. p. 108. ISBN 0-87062-203-X. "Global Volcanism Program | Baker". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved September 18, 2024. Scott
Mount_Baker
ISSN 1814-9359. "BBC Two - Timewatch". BBC. "Global Volcanism Program | Grímsvötn". "Huaynaputina". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved
Timeline of volcanism on Earth
Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth
National park in Tanzania
Gregory Rift Valley, Active Volcanism and Regional Plateaus. Springer. pp. 69–79. ISBN 9783319737843. "Global Volcanism Program | Ol Doinyo Lengai". Smithsonian
Serengeti_National_Park
Volcano in Costa Rica
original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2009. "Arenal". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved October 11, 2009. Venzke, E
Arenal_Volcano
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GLOBAL VOLCANISM-PROGRAM
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GLOBAL VOLCANISM-PROGRAM