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Process of reinterpretive word formation
Folk etymology is a change in a word or phrase resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by a more familiar one through popular usage. The form
Folk_etymology
Popular, but false belief about word origins
in a cultural or linguistic community, it is a folk etymology (or popular etymology). Such etymologies often have the feel of urban legends and can be
False_etymology
(الدرا, "the Forest") or Navarro-Aragonese andurrial ("scrubland"). One folk etymology holds that it derives from the Biblical Endor, a name bestowed by Louis
List of country-name etymologies
List_of_country-name_etymologies
Indicates an intentional reproduction in quotation
copy/context", "spelling is correct", "spelled incorrectly", and other such folk etymology phrases. These are all incorrect and are simply backronyms from sic
Sic
Approximate method for doing something
measured by comparison to the width or length of a thumb. A modern folk etymology holds that the phrase is derived from the maximum width of a stick allowed
Rule_of_thumb
Several etymologies have been proposed for the word OK or okay. The majority can be easily classified as false etymologies, or possibly folk etymologies. H
List of proposed etymologies of OK
List_of_proposed_etymologies_of_OK
Study of the origin and evolution of words
Etymology (/ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ ET-ih-MOL-ə-jee) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across
Etymology
Theory and methodology of text interpretation
a hermeneutic) could determine the truth or falsity of the message. Folk etymology places its origin with Hermes, the mythological Greek deity who was
Hermeneutics
English word
also documented controversy surrounding OK and the history of its folk etymologies, both of which are intertwined with the history of the word itself
OK
a folk etymology Reto [de], a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology Stuffo, a purported deity potentially stemming from a folk etymology
List_of_Germanic_deities
Altered phrase that is still plausible
expressions: Where a folk etymology is a change in the form of a word caused by widespread misunderstanding of the word's etymology, an eggcorn may be limited
Eggcorn
Country in South America
of the Surrinam spelling, 19th-century British sources offered the folk etymology Surryham, saying it was the name given to the Suriname River by Lord
Suriname
Military trope
is not cognate with English "hope": this is an example of folk etymology. This folk etymology has been strengthened by the fact that in Dutch, the word
Forlorn_hope
Combination of spirits and non alcoholic ingredients
as corruptions of other words or phrases. These can be dismissed as folk etymologies, given the well-attested term "cock-tail" for a horse. Dale DeGroff
Cocktail
Aspect of linguistic studies
folk etymology caused animal rights groups such as PETA to lobby that the town should be renamed. Common English usage misconceptions Folk etymology Pseudo-etymology
Folk_linguistics
Country north of the Caribbean
('shallow sea'). Wolfgang Ahrens of York University argues that this is a folk etymology. Alternatively, Bahama may have been derived from Guanahaní, a local
The_Bahamas
Urban area with a high concentration of sex-related businesses
use was likely responsible for the term's pervasiveness. A widespread folk etymology claims that early railroad workers took red lanterns with them when
Red-light_district
Trojan prince, second husband of Helen of Troy
etymologically unrelated to that of France's capital city, derived from the Gallic Parisii tribe, although it had been a misconceived folk etymology during
Paris_(mythology)
Acronym invented to fit an existing word
either serious or humorous intent, or they may be a type of false etymology or folk etymology. A normal acronym is a word derived from the initial letter(s)
Backronym
Island off the west coast of Scotland
similar origin, is associated with the healing-well of Evaux in France. For etymology of Ì and Latinised derivative Iona, see Watson (2004), pp. 87-90. The
Iona
Etymology of chemical elements
This article lists the etymology of chemical elements of the periodic table. Throughout the history of chemistry, many chemical elements have been discovered
List of chemical element name etymologies
List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies
Atmospheric optical phenomenon
exact etymology of sun dog largely remains a mystery. The Oxford English Dictionary says it is "of obscure origin". In Abram Palmer's 1882 book Folk-etymology:
Sun_dog
English idiom about minding manners
Pee and Kew'", possibly the initials of "Prime Quality" (folk etymology). Another folk etymology comes from the pubs in Scotland and England. The reason
Mind_your_Ps_and_Qs
Fallacy in which a word's history defines its meaning
of the word—racism against any of the Semitic peoples. False friends Folk etymology – Process of reinterpretive word formation Genetic fallacy – Fallacy
Etymological_fallacy
Epithet used in reference to a person of Cajun ethnicity
origins of "coonass" are obscure, and Cajuns have put forth several folk etymologies in an effort to explain the word's origin. Some of these hold that
Coonass
Expressive culture shared by particular groups
similes Epic poetry Fable Fairy tale Folk belief Folk etymologies Folk metaphors Folk poetry Folk music Folksongs Folk speech Folktales of oral tradition
Folklore
Origin of the place-name Kolkata
settlement beside a khal (which means canal in English) According to a folk etymology, Britishers, when they visited the city, saw the goddess with a skull
Etymology_of_Kolkata
God of the underworld in Greek mythology
dialogue Cratylus is devoted to the etymology of the god's name, in which Socrates is arguing for a folk etymology not from "unseen" but from "his knowledge
Hades
Wife of Odysseus in Greek mythology
semantic relation between the proper name and the gloss is not clear. In folk etymology, Pēnelopē (Πηνελόπη) is usually understood to combine the Greek word
Penelope
Official word describing a resident of the U.S. state of Indiana
also with poor white people by calling them "red-necks". Humorous folk etymologies for the term "hoosier" have a long history, as recounted by Dunn in
Hoosier
Prophet in Abrahamic religions
Nile" (mw-š). The biblical account of Moses' birth provides him with a folk etymology to explain the ostensible meaning of his name. He is said to have received
Moses
Type of polearm
dictionary. A partisan or partizan (from Middle French: partisane, via folk etymology, from pertuisane, "partisan"), a type of polearm, was used in Europe
Partisan_(weapon)
Clever scheme or artful plot, usually crafted for evil purposes
originated as an acronym from the names of the group of ministers is a folk etymology, although the coincidence was noted at the time and could possibly have
Cabal
Character in Greek Mythology
itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“vital energy, life”). By folk etymology, his name was said to come from the root of aiazō αἰάζω which means
Ajax_the_Great
Ancient Mesopotamian city in Iraq
the "gate of god" interpretation is increasingly viewed as a Semitic folk etymology to explain an unknown original non-Semitic placename. I. J. Gelb in
Babylon
Linguistic concept
Middle English (ME) male/femelle > LME male/female. Recomposition and folk etymology are related processes that assign transparent compound structure to
Analogical_change
Dialect or variety that is considered "sub-standard" and generally lacks a written form
standard French phrase la rivière ("the river"), has been associated by folk etymology with laver ("to wash"). Therefore, lavier is interpreted to mean "a
Patois
English and Latin forms of the name, would then have been due to later folk etymology. This latter view originated with philologist Niels Halvorsen Trønnes
Etymology_of_Norway
Name list
Alcalá, although the name Diego has now been associated with James via folk etymology for over two centuries. "Santi", "San", "Tiago", or "Thiago" are the
Santiago_(name)
Legendary king of Athens
etymology is possibly related to a pre-Greek form *Erektyeu-. The connection of Ἐριχθόνιος with ἐρέχθω, "shake" is a late folk-etymology; other folk-etymologies
Erichthonius (son of Hephaestus)
Erichthonius_(son_of_Hephaestus)
Ancient Greek mythological son of Theseus
Greek mythology, Acamas or Akamas (/ɑːˈkɑːmɑːs/;Ancient Greek: Ἀκάμας, folk etymology: 'unwearying') was a hero in the Trojan War. Acamas was the son of King
Acamas_(son_of_Theseus)
Ancient Greek hero and founder of Mycenae
tablet PY Tn 316, and tentatively reconstructed as *Preswa. A Greek folk etymology connected Perseus to the name of the Persians, whom they called the
Perseus
Female giant
medical or genetic abnormality (see gigantism). In 543, according to the folk etymology for the name of Neringa Municipality, there was a giantess girl named
Giantess
Phrase used to disregard someone
Bible (from Nehemiah 9.29). There is also a commonly repeated incorrect folk etymology which involves giving a cold serving of meat. The expression "cold shoulder"
Cold_shoulder
Evolution of a word's meaning
similarity of senses Metonymy: change based on a contiguity of senses Folk-etymology: change based on a similarity of names Ellipsis: change based on a contiguity
Semantic_change
Han Chinese subgroup
Hô-ló / Ho̍h-ló; 'Fujian folk' – a folk etymology emphasizing the people's native connection to Fujian. 鶴老; Ho̍h-ló; 'crane folk' – found in the 17th century
Hoklo_people
Deep-fried pastry of Chinese origin
literally expensive (Surname)) are equally meaningless. See Char koay teow: Etymology for more information. according to KWF Diksiyonáryo ng Wíkang Filipíno
Youtiao
Steamed bread bun popular in Northern China
white and soft type of steamed bread or bun popular in northern China. Folk etymology connects the name mantou to a tale about Zhuge Liang. Mantou are typically
Mantou
11th-century consort of King Harold Godwinson
of King Harold Godwinson. "Swanneck" (or Swan-Neck) comes from the folk etymology which made of her name, Swann Hnecca in Old English, "Swan Neck". This
Edith_the_Fair
Subdivision of the Uralic languages
István Vásáry the etymological connection between these two words has not been verified, and the name Ugric is based on a folk etymology. Two common phonetic
Ugric_languages
Glass bottle with marble stopper
needed] One etymology of the term codswallop originates from beer sold in Codd's bottles, though this is generally dismissed as a folk etymology. The bottles
Codd-neck_bottle
English idiom
people who had been buried alive could call for help, but this is a folk etymology. Look up dead ringer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. "ringer". Oxford
Dead_ringer_(idiom)
Upholstered chair
sometimes written as chaise lounge and pronounced /ˌtʃeɪsˈlaʊndʒ/, a folk etymology replacement of part of the original French term with the unrelated English
Chaise_longue
Small restaurant
Les deux gosses by Pierre Decourcelle, published in 1880. A popular folk etymology, not attested by the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, claims that
Bistro
Structure enclosing bells for ringing as part of building
'that which watches over peace'. The etymology was forgotten with time, which led to a variety of folk etymologies and spellings, with the initial meaning
Belfry
Municipality and town in Andalusia, Spain
50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Málaga. A popular and widely repeated folk etymology claims the name comes from Arabic for "abundant source", but the Arabic
Nerja
Character in the biblical Book of Judges
with the folk etymology, given in Judges 6:32. According to biblical scholar Lester Grabbe (1967), "[Judges] 6.32 gives a nonsensical etymology of his name;
Gideon
this etymology could also explain the nickname "Egyptian black arts". However, according to Friedrich Mahn, this theory may be an example of folk etymology
Etymology_of_chemistry
Name list
understood as “as a joy [to someone],” though this interpretation is a folk etymology and not linguistically related to the Greek origin. Archduchess Ilona
Ilona
Biblical creature
the form pꜣ jḥ mw "the water-ox", meaning "hippopotamus", altered by folk etymology in Hebrew to resemble bəhēmā. However, this phrase with this meaning
Behemoth
Armhole on a garment to which a sleeve is attached
chest (of obscure etymology, and sometimes confused with "scythe" due to similarly curved shapes). A more fanciful folk etymology is as follows. Because
Armscye
Genus of plants
divining rods, just as hazel twigs were used in England, may also have, by folk etymology, influenced the "witch" part of the name. Five species are recognized:
Witch-hazel
Common name for two species of game fish
white flesh or silvery skin. The supposed French meaning is, however, folk etymology, because the word is ultimately from Choctaw sakli, meaning "trout"
Crappie
Attached unit on the top floor of a building
or "appendage". The modern spelling is influenced by a 16th-century folk etymology that combines the Middle French word for "slope" (pente) with the English
Penthouse_apartment
Criminal gang in Birmingham, England (1880s – 1920s)
over victims' faces so they could not describe who robbed them. The folk etymology of Peaky Blinder is that the gang members would stitch disposable razor
Peaky_Blinders
Words inherited by different languages
Homology (biology) Indo-European vocabulary False friend False etymology Folk etymology Word family Crystal, David, ed. (2011). "cognate". A Dictionary
Cognate
Plant species
the seventeenth century). West Indian English brinjalle and (through folk-etymology) brown-jolly. French bringelle in La Réunion. Thus although Indian English
Eggplant
Mountain pass in Belluno, Italy
public. The name probably derives from Ladin fóuze, scythe. A popular folk etymology claims that it supposedly comes instead from Faúza Règo, which would
Falzarego_Pass
Item in Greek mythology
The transition to the meaning "shield" or "goatskin" may have come by folk etymology among a people familiar with draping an animal skin over the left arm
Aegis
Ferryman of Hades in Greek mythology
underworld and back again. The name Charon is unexplained except via folk etymology which takes it as a proper noun from χάρων (charon), a poetic form of
Charon
Hand tool for chopping, digging, and prying
formation. Forms such as mathooke, motthook and mathook were produced by folk etymology. Although used to prepare whale blubber, which the Inuit call "mattaq"
Mattock
Name list
great-grandmother. The name is also said to be a Basque name with a folk etymology meaning of honey, derived from the Basque word ezti. It is used as a
Esti_(given_name)
Neighborhood inhabited by a minority group, usually when poor
ghetto separated Jews from the rest of the population) is considered a folk etymology. Similarly, the Italian variant ghet, found in some Jewish notarial
Ghetto
Country in West Asia
origin. Another possible etymology for the name is from the Middle Persian word erāg, meaning "lowlands". An Arabic folk etymology for the name is "deeply
Iraq
Four-sided spinning top used on Hanukkah
shin for שטעל אַרײַן (shtel arayn, "put in"). However, according to folk etymology, these four letters represent the Hebrew phrase נֵס גָּדוֹל הָיָה שָׁם
Dreidel
Romance language derived from Old Spanish
an example of dropping the final [s], or more often as an example of folk etymology: taking the s as a plural ending (which it is not) and attributing it
Judaeo-Spanish
Mythological hardest substance
adamant also became confused with the magnetic rock lodestone, and a folk etymology connected it with the Latin adamare, 'to love or be attached to'. Another
Adamant
Third-Scheduled District in Bahamas
U.S. in 1908 – and the phrase is the subject of numerous fanciful folk etymologies. Chalk's International Airlines operated seaplane flights between Miami
Bimini
Priestly and learned class of the ancient Celts
priest with 'strong insight'. Pliny the Elder had already offered a folk etymology deriving druid from Greek drŷs ('oak') in the 1st century CE. An older
Druid
Name for the cannabis plant
association with the personal name María Juana ('Mary Jane') is probably a folk etymology. The original Mexican Spanish used forms with the letter ⟨h⟩ (marihuana)
Marijuana_(word)
Fox spirits in Japanese folklore
derived from folk tales feature them, as do contemporary works such as native animations, comic books and video games. The full etymology of kitsune is
Kitsune
Ancient Roman goddess of love, sex and fertility
seem to have been extended largely by the fondness of the Romans for folk-etymology, and by the prevalence of the religious idea nomen-omen which sanctioned
Venus_(mythology)
Mythical structure in the Hebrew Bible
and interpretation are now usually thought to derive from Akkadian folk etymology applied to an earlier form of the name, Babilla, of unknown meaning
Tower_of_Babel
Name list
aemulus, which means to rival, excel, or emulate, but this may be a folk etymology. Although similar Germanic names like Amalia may appear to be related
Emilia_(given_name)
High-ranking member of a religious office
mankind and the deity/deities. Uncertainty prevailing, this may be only a folk etymology, but it may also recall ancient tasks and magic rites associated with
Pontiff
Mythological king of Troy
an ally of the Ahhiyawa against Wilusa.[citation needed] A popular folk etymology derives the name from the Greek verb priamai, meaning 'to buy'. This
Priam
Iranian woodwind musical instrument
English horn, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. A folk etymology explains that the word sorna is a Pahlavi derivative of sūrnāy (literally
Sorna
mid-18th century, some Cornish language surnames underwent change through folk etymology. The Cornish meaning of the name was no longer understood and so it
Cornish_surnames
16th-century torture device
known as Skevington's daughter, from which the more commonly known folk etymology using "Scavenger" is derived. There is a Scavenger's daughter on display
Skevington's_gyves
Creating a word by removing actual or supposed affixes
project/projection, etc. Back-formation may be similar to the reanalyses or folk etymologies when it rests on an erroneous understanding of the morphology of the
Back-formation
Eburacum); after 400, Angles took over the area and adapted the name by folk etymology to Old English Eoforwīc or Eoforīc, which means "wild-boar town" or
History_of_York
Cajun dance party
Caffery, Joshua. "The Folk Etymology of the Fais Do-Do: A Note". Folklife in Louisiana. Retrieved 17 April 2018. Louisiana folk life Retrieved 17 November
Fais_do-do
phonetically and semantically similar pre-existent native word (related to folk etymology) Portmanteau: a new word that fuses two words or morphemes Retronym:
List_of_forms_of_wordplay
Name list
dictionary. Paco is a Spanish nickname for Francisco. According to folk etymology, the nickname has its origins in Saint Francis of Assisi, who was the
Paco
Blade worn by Sikhs
which must be worn at all times. The Punjabi word ਕਿਰਪਾਨ, kirpān, has a folk etymology with two roots: kirpa, meaning "mercy", "grace", "compassion" or "kindness";
Kirpan
Male given name
Rato y Hevia (1891). The suggestion that this identification may be a folk etymology, i.e. that Diego (and Didacus; see below) may be of another origin and
Diego
Study of causation, or origination
word delphus ('womb'), many etiological myths are similarly based on folk etymology (the term Amazon, for example). In the Aeneid (published c. 17 BC),
Etiology
Undergraduate educational qualification
century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word baccalaureus came to be associated with bacca
Bachelor's_degree
Legendary figure in Greek mythology
(Ὀνοκώλη) and Onoskelis (Ὀνοσκελίς), which both mean "donkey-footed". A folk etymology construes the name to mean "one-footed" (from Greek *έμπούς, *empous:
Empusa
Skin hanging below the jaw of animals
*dew(e)- is of nebulous origin and meaning; it probably was altered by folk etymology with "dew". Old English had fræt-læppa in the aforementioned sense (and
Dewlap
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sindhi, Telugu
Famous Folk
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from a medieval personal name, a short form of various Germanic personal names with the first element folk ‘people’. Compare Foulkes.Czech : variant of the personal name Volek.Slovenian : nickname from volk ‘wolf’.Ukrainian : Russianized form of Ukrainian Vovk, a nickname meaning ‘wolf’.Jewish (western Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Volk ‘people’.English : variant of Foulks.
Boy/Male
German
Surname relating to falconry.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Folk.
Boy/Male
British, Christian, English
People; Tribe
Male
Norse
Old Norse name, originally a short form of longer names containing folk, FOLKI means "people, tribe."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Foulks.Respelling of German Volk.
Girl/Female
Tamil
A folk heroine
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
People.
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, Finnish, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
People's Guardian; Chief; Stranger Man; Army; Warrior
Male
English
Modern form of Medieval English Fulke, FULK means "people, tribe."
Girl/Female
Hindu
A folk heroine
Boy/Male
Tamil
Famous folk
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Folki, FOLKE means "people, tribe."Â
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, French, German, Hebrew
Surname Relating to Falconry; Falconer
Girl/Female
German
Folk rule.
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
People.
Surname or Lastname
English (Derbyshire)
English (Derbyshire) : variant of Foulks.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Foulks.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Heroine of famous folk legend
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Sweet
Male
Croatian
, sound of peace.
Boy/Male
British, English
From Windsor
Boy/Male
Biblical Hebrew
Fatness, ashes.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
To Know about God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
English American
Strong; open-minded. Blend of Jerold and Darell.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Prosperity
Boy/Male
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malaysian, Muslim, Sindhi
Happiness; Joyful; Glad; Happy
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Beautiful Pleasant; Statue or Doll
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
FOLK ETYMOLOGY
n.
The place where a division or a union occurs; the angle or opening between two branches or limbs; as, the fork of a river, a tree, or a road.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Fold
v. i.
To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold.
n.
A synclinal fold.
n.
A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold.
imp. & p. p.
of Fold
n.
Anything furcate or like a fork in shape, or furcate at the extremity; as, a tuning fork.
n.
Yolk; egg yolk.
v. t.
To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Fork
n.
Same as Yolk.
v. t.
To raise, or pitch with a fork, as hay; to dig or turn over with a fork, as the soil.
imp. & p. p.
of Fork
v. i.
To confine sheep in a fold.
n. collect. & pl.
Alt. of Folks
v. t.
To confine in a fold, as sheep.
n. collect. & pl.
People in general, or a separate class of people; -- generally used in the plural form, and often with a qualifying adjective; as, the old folks; poor folks.
n. collect. & pl.
The persons of one's own family; as, our folks are all well.
n.
Entanglement; fold.