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Concept in political science
Finlandization (Finnish: suomettuminen) is the process by which one powerful country makes a smaller neighboring country refrain from opposing the former's
Finlandization
Eastern European military alliance (1955–1991)
referring to the Soviet Union's policies towards Finland known as finlandization, was the main factor in the rejection of the Soviet proposals. Adenauer
Warsaw_Pact
Country in northern Europe
13 May 2024. Finland 1917–2007 Ford, Hal (August 1972). ESAU -LVI – FINLANDIZATION IN ACTION: HELSINKI'S EXPERIENCE WITH MOSCOW (PDF). DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
Finland
Political alignment in the right-wing spectrum
all former fascist activists had to find new political homes. Despite Finlandization, many continued in public life. Three former members of the Waffen SS
Far-right_politics
Prime Minister of Japan (2006–2007; 2012–2020)
countries a counterbalance to Chinese expansionism. Abe feared the Finlandization of Japan with respect to China, and saw the reaction of the Kan Cabinet
Shinzo_Abe
1948 treaty between Finland and the Soviet Union
such as the note crisis. This influence was commonly referred to as Finlandization. It is hotly debated to what degree President Kekkonen (President 1956–1981)
Finno-Soviet_Treaty_of_1948
Bilateral relations
Finland maintained a position of neutrality, in what became known as Finlandization, in the face of its often complicated relations with the Soviet Union
Finland–NATO_relations
Phase of the Cold War during 1962–1979
leverage in Finnish domestic politics, which was later used as the term "Finlandization" by the West German press, meaning "to become like Finland". This meant
Cold_War_(1962–1979)
1944 peace treaty between the USSR and Finland which ended the Continuation War
Lapland. Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940 Allied Control Commission (Finland) Finlandization Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces Bulgarian coup d'état
Moscow_Armistice
Countries with an originally European shared culture
or the east; important members included India, Yugoslavia, Finland (Finlandization) and Switzerland (Swiss Neutrality); some include the People's Republic
Western_world
1997 geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin
countries. The book states that "the maximum task [of the future] is the 'Finlandization' of all of Europe". Germany should be offered the de facto political
Foundations_of_Geopolitics
was published in 1981. The kotiryssä system was closely related to Finlandization. Finnish politician Erkki Tuomioja recalled that Finnish politicians
Kotiryssä
American economist (born 1954)
on US". The Brussels Times. Brussels: BXL Connect. "Jeffrey Sachs: Finlandization Made Finland the Happiest Country in the World". Helsinki Times. Helsinki
Jeffrey_Sachs
American initiative for foreign aid to Western Europe following World War II
Finland also declined, to avoid antagonizing the Soviets (see also Finlandization). The Soviet Union's "alternative" to the Marshall plan which was purported
Marshall_Plan
Citizen rebellion in Hungary
administration to negotiate Hungarian independence in a framework similar to Finlandization: "These contradictory policies sabotaged the overall approach. The harder
Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956
American historian, political scientist, and editor
(1979) in International Relations from the University of Pennsylvania. "Finlandization": A Map to a Metaphor, Foreign Policy Research Institute (Philadelphia)
Adam_Garfinkle
Term for Soviet foreign policy before 1989
in pressure to a more conventional sphere of influence, resembling Finlandization but applied to the erstwhile East Bloc states, until the Soviet fall
Soviet_empire
Rights and obligations of a dominant state
arrangement.[citation needed] Associated state Client state Feudalism Finlandization Hegemony Imperator totius Hispaniae Imperialism Mandala (Southeast Asian
Suzerainty
Union sometimes resulted in overcautious concern in foreign policy ("Finlandization"), Finland developed closer co-operation with the other Nordic countries
History_of_Finland
Peninsula in Finland
Finland on 26 January 1956. This may be attributed to the process of Finlandization and to technological progress making coastal artillery obsolete, in
Porkkalanniemi
Post-WWII Nazi-inspired ideologies
all former fascist activists had to find new political homes. Despite Finlandization, many continued in public life. Three former members of the Waffen SS
Neo-Nazism
Political history of Austria
on minority rights. Declaration of Neutrality Austria–NATO relations Finlandization Finland–NATO relations Swedish neutrality Sweden–NATO relations Swiss
Neutral and Non-Aligned European States
Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States
and neighbouring country, the Soviet Union. (Finland had a policy of Finlandization). 1969–1989 The Great Silence Banned by the Finnish Board of Film in
List_of_banned_films
the Polish agreement, a Soviet consent for an independent, presumably "Finlandized" Polish state. Following a refusal to accept the conditions by the Polish
History_of_Poland_(1939–1945)
Russian policy of suppressing Finnish autonomy (1899–1905, 1908–17)
Russification February Manifesto Kagal (Finnish society) Great Wrath Finlandization Finnish: sortokaudet / sortovuodet, lit. 'times/years of oppression';
Russification_of_Finland
Vietnam's foreign policy and doctrine
maintaining their own sovereignty: Finland's "Active Neutrality" (or "Finlandization"): Finland practiced a policy of neutrality during the Cold War to maintain
Bamboo_diplomacy_(Vietnam)
1955 Austrian law declaring the country's permanent neutrality
system with anti-ballistic missile capability. Austria–NATO relations Finlandization Irish neutrality Moldovan neutrality Swedish neutrality Swiss neutrality
Declaration_of_Neutrality
Spheres of influence of an empire arising without formal annexation
in pressure to a more conventional sphere of influence, resembling Finlandization but applied to the erstwhile East Bloc states, until the Soviet fall
Informal_empire
Russian defector to Canada (1919–1982)
Third-worldism White supremacy White nationalism White separatism Apartheid Finlandization Organizations NATO SEATO METO EEC Warsaw Pact Comecon Non-Aligned Movement
Igor_Gouzenko
Period of Finnish history from 1714 to 1721
cultural, social, and political domination of Finland in 1899–1917 Finlandization, term used to describe political influence of the Soviet Union over
Great_Wrath
Defunct Finnish political party
the lack of any national emergency. Ehrnrooth saw this as a sign of Finlandization, and held that the constitution was being circumvented and the people
Constitutional_Right_Party
1989 deaths of Romanian leader and his wife
Third-worldism White supremacy White nationalism White separatism Apartheid Finlandization Organizations NATO SEATO METO EEC Warsaw Pact Comecon Non-Aligned Movement
Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu
Trial_and_execution_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceaușescu
1976 Finnish film
general perception, it strongly represents the spirit of the era of Finlandization between Finland and the Soviet Union. Trust takes place at the end of
Trust_(1976_film)
1987 alleged attempted missile attack over Norway
publicised and commented upon in the Finnish media, amidst allegations of Finlandization. The alleged incident has been compared to other similar incidents involving
Finnair_Flight_915
President of Finland from 1956 to 1982
commentators referred to this policy of appeasement pejoratively as Finlandization. He is credited by Finnish historians for his foreign and trade policies
Urho_Kekkonen
Policy of Moldova
member. Moldova–NATO relations Transnistria conflict Austrian neutrality Finlandization Irish neutrality Swedish neutrality Swiss neutrality Socor, Vladimir
Moldovan_neutrality
Soviet Lieutenant general, diplomat and KGB officer
diplomaattitoiminnasta Suomessa 1954–1984., Viktor Vladimirov, 1993, Otava, Helsinki Finlandization Russian diplomat in Helsinki served as head of KGB assassination section
Viktor_Vladimirov
Unsuccessful 1986 Soviet-American diplomatic summit
Third-worldism White supremacy White nationalism White separatism Apartheid Finlandization Organizations NATO SEATO METO EEC Warsaw Pact Comecon Non-Aligned Movement
Reykjavík_Summit
Finnish bat-and-ball sport
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
Pesäpallo
State which is neutral towards belligerents in a given conflict
expeditions in Russian East Karelia. The treaty was signed in Tartu, Estonia. Finlandization Neutrality was violated after the Winter War broke out on 1939. Moscow
Neutral_country
Yugoslav involvement in the Cold War
constrained by great power influences, a phenomenon often referred to as Finlandization. Yugoslavia's leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement granted it a disproportionately
Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement
Proposed political order by Nazi Germany
concentration camps for eventual expulsion, while Karelians underwent Finlandization and de-Stalinization programs. Additionally, Germany relocated 62,000
New_Order_(Nazism)
National security and intelligence agency of Finland
espionage. The Service had to work with discretion and caution due to Finlandization—a balance between the independence of Finland and appeasement to the
Finnish Security and Intelligence Service
Finnish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service
1961 film by Billy Wilder
Berlin. One, Two, Three was banned in Finland, which had a policy of Finlandization, from 1962 to 1986 on "political" grounds — it was feared that the film
One,_Two,_Three
Professional pesäpallo league in Finland
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
Superpesis
1956 quote by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
Third-worldism White supremacy White nationalism White separatism Apartheid Finlandization Organizations NATO SEATO METO EEC Warsaw Pact Comecon Non-Aligned Movement
We_will_bury_you
Finnish Cold War foreign policy
bloc on 4 April 2023. Finland–Russia relations Finland–NATO relations Finlandization Night Frost Crisis Note Crisis Politics of Finland Politics of the Soviet
Paasikivi–Kekkonen_doctrine
Fundamental foreign policy of Switzerland
changing the laws of neutrality. Neutral country Austrian neutrality Finlandization Irish neutrality Moldovan neutrality Neutral and Non-Aligned European
Swiss_neutrality
Overview of and topical guide to the Cold War
series) Culture during the Cold War Danube River Conference of 1948 Finlandization List of Soviet Union–United States summits McCarthyism Mutually assured
Outline_of_the_Cold_War
Korean Confucian concept on relationships
the ways to defend his ideas against it. Emperor at home, king abroad Finlandization Gyorin Joseon diplomacy Melian dialog Samguk Sagi Tribute Analogous
Sadae
(link) Laqueur, Walter (1980). The Political Psychology of Appeasement: Finlandization and Other Unpopular Essays. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1412838320
Cases of political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
Cases_of_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union
Crisis in Soviet–Finnish relations in 1961
cause that confidence to run out by our actions, the fault is our own". Finlandization Night Frost Crisis Paasikivi–Kekkonen doctrine Sander, Gordon F.; er
Note_Crisis
International relations phenomena
(disambiguation) Bandwagon effect (also describes the origin of the phrase) Finlandization Mearsheimer 2001, pp. 162–163. Mearsheimer 2001, p. 163. Mearsheimer
Bandwagoning
2022 Finnish TV series or program
The series addresses Finland's efforts to join NATO, hybrid warfare, Finlandization, and bureaucratic scheming. The main character, Aleksis Nyqvist, is
Stop_Nyqvist
February 15, 2023. Pasanen, Tero (July 18, 2013). "Gaming the Taboo in the Finlandization Era Finland: The Case of Raid Over Moscow". Academia.edu. DATA EAST
List of controversial video games
List_of_controversial_video_games
1958 Soviet–Finnish political crisis
dispute Kekkonen's motives for bringing down the Fagerholm government. Finlandization Note Crisis Paasikivi–Kekkonen doctrine "Neuvostoliiton salaisia papereita
Night_Frost_Crisis
American left-wing political and humor podcast
Enemies of the Group Chat". "839 - King of the Swill". "840 - Tom of Finlandization". "Bonus: Ren Faire feat. Lance Oppenheim". "841 - Fr*ciaggine Follies"
List of Chapo Trap House episodes
List_of_Chapo_Trap_House_episodes
Bilateral relations
to the neighbouring Soviet Union, which was commonly referred to as Finlandization. After the end of the Cold War, an active debate started in Sweden on
Sweden–NATO_relations
1984 video game
health. The foreign ministry thus was able to dodge possible claims of Finlandization by referring to unsuitable legislation. Finally, the Minister of foreign
Raid_over_Moscow
2013 alternate history novel by Frederic Rich
aside from the United Kingdom and Scandinavia, has entered a state of Finlandization under Russian authority. In a quid pro quo solution, America has recognized
Christian_Nation_(novel)
Military neutrality of the Republic of Ireland
limiting the area to which the arms could be exported. Austrian neutrality Finlandization Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland Ireland–NATO relations
Irish_neutrality
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
Agriculture_in_Finland
Geopolitical consequences of the Russo-Ukrainian War since 2014
S2CID 158314589. Kakachia, Kornely; Kakabadze, Shota (2022). Creeping Finlandization or Prudent Foreign Policy? Georgia's Strategic Challenges amid the Ukrainian
Russo-Ukrainian war and Arctic geopolitics
Russo-Ukrainian_war_and_Arctic_geopolitics
Finnish writer and playwright (born 1977)
women's rights, Russian politics, information war, immigration and Finlandization. In 2014, Die Welt published her article about information war from
Sofi_Oksanen
People's Republic of Albania (1946–1961) Republic of Finland (1947-1991) - Finlandization Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989) Polish People's Republic
Russian_imperialism
and that "In a situation where the candidates would solely represent Finlandization and behind-the-scenes dealings, I would feel a calling to attempt the
2024 Finnish presidential election
2024_Finnish_presidential_election
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
Ice_hockey_in_Finland
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
National landscapes of Finland
National_landscapes_of_Finland
Finnish politician and diplomat, President of Finland (1937–2023)
NATO and the EU in order "to shrug off once and for all the burden of Finlandization". He believed politicians should file an application and make Finland
Martti_Ahtisaari
Finnish politician (1923–1990)
Finland. Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2017-04-13. Finlandization' Wins Respect of Finns HS kuukausiliite 1/2010, pages 32-36 Vanhan liiton
Ahti_Karjalainen
President of Finland from 1946 to 1956
This "Paasikivi doctrine" was adhered to for decades, and was named Finlandization in the 1970s. Paasikivi's ability to speak some Russian helped his relations
Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi
20th-century genocide in the Soviet Union
homes or schools. In Reuter's view, this may have been influenced by Finlandization, maintaining good relations with the Soviet Union, and the Cold War
Genocide_of_the_Ingrian_Finns
German debate on Nazi motives and uniqueness, and guilt of post-Nazi Germany
pacifism" would lead to West Germany and hence all of Western Europe being "Finlandized" if the Germans did not have a national identity that inspired pride
Historikerstreit
strife Fennoman Foreign relations of Finland Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 Finlandization Paasikivi-Kekkonen Line Historical figures Mikael Agricola Per Brahe
List of Finland-related topics
List_of_Finland-related_topics
countries and followed the development of what will be called process of Finlandization with great concern. In 1956 the Belgrade declaration ended the period
Foreign relations of Yugoslavia
Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia
Finnish politician (born 1976)
decision to approve a Russian-built nuclear reactor invoked "a sense of Finlandization". Shortly after, he quit in protest at the project, accusing the government
Ville_Niinistö
Prime minister of Finland from 1932 to 1936
was for decades seen in a somewhat critical light. During the era of finlandization, many prominent Finns expressed themselves cautiously on such subjects
Toivo_Mikael_Kivimäki
Finnish politician (1897–1961)
self-censorship motivated by concerns about relations with the Soviet Union (see Finlandization). The book was finally published in 1991, after the collapse of the
Yrjö_Leino
American historian (1921–2018)
Brown, 1980 ISBN 0-316-51474-8 The Political Psychology of Appeasement: Finlandization and Other Unpopular Essays, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1980
Walter_Laqueur
Erkki Aho. The Pirkkala handout has later been seen as an example of Finlandization in education in the 1970s, although in practice the repercussions of
Pirkkala_handout
Alleged foreign meddling campaign
services. The isolation of the UK is a key part of a plan called the "Finlandization of Europe". Foreign electoral intervention Russian interference in British
Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum
Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum
Swedish foreign policy from the 19th century to the early 21st century
to the neighbouring Soviet Union, which was commonly referred to as Finlandization. During the early Cold War, Sweden's neutrality policy was maintained
Swedish_neutrality
American political writer
1997 ISBN 978-0-271-01604-7 Carolyn M. Ekedahl at Potomac Books, Inc. "Finlandization in Action: Helsinki's Experience with Moscow Archived September 30,
Carolyn_Ekedahl
1939–1940. Algonquin Books. p. 58, 61. Ford, Hal (August 1972), ESAU -LVI – FINLANDIZATION IN ACTION: HELSINKI'S EXPERIENCE WITH MOSCOW (PDF), DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
History of Finland (1917–present)
History_of_Finland_(1917–present)
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
Rugby_union_in_Finland
Third-worldism White supremacy White nationalism White separatism Apartheid Finlandization Organizations NATO SEATO METO EEC Warsaw Pact Comecon Non-Aligned Movement
List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States
Finnish publishing company
self-censorship motivated by concerns about relations to the Soviet Union (see Finlandization). The book was finally published in 1991, when interest in it had largely
Tammi_(company)
Soviet demand. The book was republished in 1991. During the period of Finlandization, major Finnish publishers tended to avoid books that were thought to
Censorship_in_Finland
42nd Prime Minister of Poland from 1991 to 1992
advocated cooperation with Russia in regards to troop withdrawals, of "Finlandizing" foreign policy. Individuals close to the Olszewski government, like
Jan_Olszewski
Bilateral relations
and followed the development of what will be called the process of Finlandization with great concern. It therefore turned its focus on new allies among
Finland–Yugoslavia_relations
Finnish film director
was censored four times. Finland's foreign policy was heading towards Finlandization Public outrage forced the censorship to be lifted. Marcus acted in the
William_Markus
all former fascist activists had to find new political homes. Despite Finlandization, many continued in public life. Yrjö Ruutu, the leader of the National
Far-right_politics_in_Finland
published in Finnish by the Johan Beckman Institute. During the period of Finlandization, the Finnish president Urho Kekkonen gave a speech in April 1973 in
Aftermath_of_the_Winter_War
War Finland in World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Finlandization History of independent Finland Military history Geography Cities and
Regional_anthems_of_Finland
playing a central role. The final document, which was aimed at the Finlandization of Central and Eastern Europe, aimed to force concessions out of countries
Falin-Kvitsinsky_Doctrine
National emanation of human rights
Some leftist works were banned in the 1930s whereas during the era of Finlandization, major news outlets practiced self-censorship in order to not antagonize
Human_rights_in_Finland
(link) Laqueur, Walter (1980). The Political Psychology of Appeasement: Finlandization and Other Unpopular Essays. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1412838320
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union
Peace Treaty Continuation War Continuation War Finland Nazi Germany Soviet Union 1941–1944 Soviet Victory Moscow Armistice, Lapland war, Finlandization
Soviet-Finnish_wars
originally from Fez, (also called tarboosh), a hat — Fez, a city in Morocco Finlandization, the influence a large country can have on a smaller one, after Finland
List of words derived from toponyms
List_of_words_derived_from_toponyms
Finnish translator, author and interpreter
publicity seeker, and she accused him of curbing free speech and of "neo-Finlandization. Mallinen said he was being persecuted by the newspaper Tiedonantaja
Jukka_Mallinen
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Having Yama as King
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian
Lord Balaji
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
King of Intelligence
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu
Help
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places so called. Most of them, including those in Herefordshire, Shropshire, and Somerset (Winford), are named from Old English feld ‘pasture’, ‘open country’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. Another place of the same name in Somerset, also known as Whitchurch, has as its first element Old English fileðe ‘hay’. Felton Hill in Northumberland is named with the Old English personal name Fygla (a derivative of fugol ‘bird’; compare Fowle).
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Celtic, English, French, Irish, Welsh
Saint's Name; St Ninian was a 5th Century Bishop Sent to Scotland to Convert the Picts to Christianity
Girl/Female
Tamil
Payodhara | பயோதரா
Cloud
Girl/Female
Arabic
Beloved
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Very Illustrious
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION
FINLANDIZATION