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Group of mostly pollinating insects whose larvae live in figs
Fig wasps are wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea which spend their larval stage inside fig syconia. Some are pollinators but others simply feed off
Fig_wasp
Species of flowering plant, or its fruit
Unlike other fig species, F. carica does not always require pollination by a wasp or from another tree, but can be pollinated by the fig wasp, Blastophaga
Fig
Genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family
specific wasps, known as fig wasps, that enter via ostiole these subclosed inflorescences to both pollinate and lay their own eggs. Each species of fig is pollinated
Ficus
Group of insects
species of tropical fig trees has its own specific fig wasp (Chalcidoidea) that has co-evolved with it and pollinates it. Many wasp species are parasitoids;
Wasp
reproductive mutualism with the fig wasp. Fig trees either produce hermaphrodite fruit (caprifigs) or female figs; only the female figs are palatable to humans
Reproductive coevolution in Ficus
Reproductive_coevolution_in_Ficus
Species of banyan tree
with fig wasps; figs are pollinated only by fig wasps, and fig wasps can reproduce only in fig flowers. The wasp partner of the Moreton Bay fig is Pleistodontes
Ficus_macrophylla
Species of wasp
a wasp species in the genus Blastophaga. It pollinates the common fig Ficus carica and the closely related Ficus palmata. These wasps breed in figs without
Blastophaga_psenes
Species of fig
widespread. The pollinating fig wasp associated with Ficus microcarpa is Eupristina verticillata. In addition, 19 non-pollinating fig wasp species parasitize Ficus
Ficus_microcarpa
Genus of wasps
Pegoscapus is a genus of fig wasp native to the Americas. They range from Florida and Mexico in the north to Argentina in the south. Fig wasps have an obligate
Pegoscapus
Subgenus of fig trees
syconium of Ficus species supply shelter and food for fig wasps and the trees depend on the fig wasps for pollination. Frugivore birds disperse the seeds
Banyan
Species of flowering plant
the fig wasp species Pleistodontes imperialis, which may comprise four cryptospecies. The syconia are also home to another fourteen species of wasp, some
Ficus_rubiginosa
Superfamily of wasps
superfamily. Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators
Chalcid_wasp
Species of fig
syconia are subglobose to pear-shaped, attached by a stout peduncle. Fig wasps such as Ceratosolen sp. pollinate the flowers by entering the ostiole
Ficus_racemosa
Family of wasps
Pompilidae is a family of wasps commonly called spider wasps, spider-hunting wasps, or pompilid wasps. The family is cosmopolitan, with some 5,000 species
Spider_wasp
Species of banyan tree
the flowers require a particular species of fig wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved relationship. These wasps enter receptive female flowers by way of the
Ficus_elastica
Species of plant
are 1.0 to 2.5 cm (0.4 to 1.0 in) in diameter. It is pollinated by the fig wasp Blastophaga nipponica.[citation needed] The fruit is eaten by local people
Ficus_erecta
Two or more species influencing each other's evolution
fig, defined by their syconia, the fruit-like vessels that either hold female flowers or pollen on the inside. Each fig species has its own fig wasp which
Coevolution
2016 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
Nonagon Infinity track listing No. Title Length 1. "Robot Stop" 5:22 2. "Big Fig Wasp" 4:54 3. "Gamma Knife" 4:21 4. "People-Vultures" 4:45 5. "Mr. Beat" 4:56
Nonagon_Infinity
Type of fruit produced by plants of the genus Ficus
short styles and male flowers and produce pollen. Once pollinated by a fig wasp, the individual florets inside the syconium develop into achenes or drupes
Syconium
Species of fig tree
associated with a fig wasp, an agaonid wasp which acts as its sole pollinator as this wasp lays its eggs only on trees of this species. All fig trees have this
Ficus_amplissima
Special case of mutualism
relationship. Fig and fig wasps are an example of a co-obligate relationship, where both species are totally dependent on the relationship. The fig plant is
Obligate_mutualism
Family of insects
family of wasps, including nearly all the eusocial wasps (such as Polistes fuscatus, Vespa orientalis, and Vespula germanica) and many solitary wasps. Each
Vespidae
Anatomical structure for laying eggs
apparatus and a functional ovipositor. Fig wasp ovipositors have specialized serrated teeth to penetrate fruits, but gall wasps have either uniform teeth or no
Ovipositor
Genus of wasps
Blastophaga is a genus of wasps in the family Agaonidae (fig wasps) which pollinate figs or are otherwise associated with figs, a coevolutional relationship
Blastophaga
Family of wasps
Evaniidae is a family of parasitoid wasps also known as ensign wasps, nightshade wasps, or hatchet wasps. They have a short abdomen and the gaster is often
Evaniidae
Family of wasps
Agaonidae is a group of pollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs. The pollinating wasps (Agaoninae, Kradibiinae, and Tetrapusiinae)
Agaonidae
One of the earliest plants to be domesticated
(parthenogenetically). Figs and fig wasps have had a symbiotic relationship throughout history. The fig wasps need the figs in order to reproduce, while the figs rely on
Domestication_of_Ficus_carica
Family of wasps
a cosmopolitan family of wasps of the suborder Apocrita that includes sand wasps, mud daubers, and other thread-waisted wasps. The name Sphecidae was formerly
Sphecidae
Tree species; the small-leaved fig
lining an internal cavity. Ficus obliqua is pollinated by two species of fig wasp—Pleistodontes greenwoodi and P. xanthocephalus. Many species of bird, including
Ficus_obliqua
Family of wasps
Ichneumonidae, also known as ichneumon wasps, ichneumonid wasps, ichneumonids, or Darwin wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Species of strangler fig
Ficus aurea, commonly known as the Florida strangler fig (or simply strangler fig), golden fig, or higuerón, is a tree in the family Moraceae that is
Ficus_aurea
Family of wasps
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, or cynipids, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common
Gall_wasp
Species of epiphyte
hemiepiphyte. Figs have an obligate mutualism with fig wasps, (Agaonidae); figs are pollinated only by fig wasps, and fig wasps can reproduce only in fig flowers
Ficus_pleurocarpa
Family of insects
jewel wasp, gold wasp, emerald wasp, ruby wasp and so on (cf. French guêpe de feu, "fire-wasp", and German / Dutch Goldwespe / goudwesp, "gold-wasp"). Members
Cuckoo_wasp
Species of fig native to the Americas
agaonid wasp. Agaonid wasps have a symbiotic relationship with figs such that a given agaonid species acts as a pollinator for just one species of fig, and
Ficus_citrifolia
Genus of wasps
genus of fig wasp native to the Americas. Fig wasps have an obligate mutualism with the fig species they pollinate. Tetrapus pollinates figs in the subgenus
Tetrapus
Clade of insects
leafcutter bees, and sweat bees – are solitary. Unlike the closely related wasps and ants, who are carnivorous/omnivorous, bees are herbivores that specifically
Bee
Family of wasps
The Mymaridae, commonly known as fairyflies or fairy wasps, are a family of chalcidoid wasps found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions throughout
Fairyfly
Suborder of insects
Sawflies are wasp-like insects that are in the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the
Sawfly
Family of wasps
Velvet ants (Mutillidae) are a family of more than 7,000 species of wasps whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name velvet
Velvet_ant
Species of wasp
pumilae is a fig wasp species in the genus Wiebesia, Family Agaonidae. W. pumilae is the pollinator of Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang (Jelly Fig) and Ficus
Wiebesia_pumilae
Infraorder of insects
Aculeata is an infraorder of Hymenoptera containing ants, bees, and stinging wasps. The name is a reference to the defining feature of the group, which is
Aculeata
Fig tree native to the Neotropics
heights of 30 m (98 ft). Like all figs it has an obligate mutualism with fig wasps; F. maxima is only pollinated by the fig wasp Tetrapus americanus, and T.
Ficus_maxima
Species of fig from Southern Africa
of fig wasp from the family Agaonidae to carry out the fertilisation. F. burtt-davyi is no exception to the rule and depends on the minute fig wasp Elisabethiella
Ficus_burtt-davyi
Ecological theory regarding mutualisms
The fig tree-fig wasp mutualism was observed by Axelrod and Hamilton in 1981. In this mutualism, the fig tree receives pollination from the fig wasps, and
Host_sanction_theory
Order of insects
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described
Hymenoptera
Variety of climbing fig
relationship of fig and fig wasp is a classic example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Only pollinating wasps pollinate the figs, while fig wasps only lay
Ficus_pumila_var._awkeotsang
Genus of wasps
Afrotropical genus of fig wasps that live on the section Sycomorus of the monoecious fig subgenus, Sycomorus, and one of several fig wasp genera to exploit
Sycophaga
Species of climbing fig
stems to adhere to their support.[citation needed] It is pollinated by the fig wasp Wiebesia pumilae (syn. Blastophaga pumilae), and is fed upon by larvae
Ficus_pumila
Suborder of insects containing wasps, bees, and ants
Vespidae (paper wasps, potter wasps, hornets, pollen wasps, yellowjackets) Proctotrupomorpha Superfamily Chalcidoidea Family Agaonidae (fig wasps) Family Aphelinidae
Apocrita
Species of fig
inside the flower galls. As of 2006, 19 species of fig wasp were known to associate with the Cape fig, these belonging to genera Acophila, Apocrypta, Apocryptophagus
Ficus_sur
Family of sawflies
Horntails or wood wasps are any of the 150 non-social species of the hymenopteran family Siricidae, a type of wood-eating sawfly. The common name "horntail"
Horntail
Family of wasps
Crabronidae is a large family of wasps within the superfamily Apoidea. This family has historically been treated as a subfamily in the now-defunct Spheciformes
Crabronidae
Species of wasp
within the host egg, while fig wasps of the family Agaonidae exhibit similar sexual dimorphism and mate within the host fig. Mites of the family Acarophenacidae
Dicopomorpha_echmepterygis
Family of bees
well-known and common are species in the genus Sphecodes, which are somewhat wasp-like in appearance (often shining black with blood-red abdomen- German: Blutbienen
Halictidae
Superfamily of insects
Vespoidea is a superfamily of wasps in the order Hymenoptera. Vespoidea includes wasps with a large variety of lifestyles including eusocial, social, and
Vespoidea
Species of fig
genus Ficus are pollinated by a single species of pollinating fig wasps specific to each fig species, but recent observations of Ficus septica have shown
Ficus_septica
Species of wasp
of fig wasps in the family Agaonidae. They are obligate pollinators of the opposite leaf fig, Ficus hispidia a functionally dioecious tree. Wasp larvae
Ceratosolen_solmsi
Genus of wasps
non-pollinating fig wasp which is native to the Afrotropical, Indomalayan and Australasian realms. They are parasitoids of fig wasps in the Ceratosolen
Sycoscapter
Species of wasp
astrabocheilus is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus subpuberula, the fig species it pollinates. Lopez-Vaamonde
Pleistodontes_astrabocheilus
Family of wasps
Scoliidae, the scoliid wasps or mammoth wasps, is a family of wasps comprising about 300 described species worldwide. They tend to be black, often marked
Scoliidae
Species of wasp
species of fig wasp which is native to Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus aurea, the fig species
Pegoscapus_mexicanus
African fig species known as the large-leaved rock fig
south of the equator. The two populations are pollinated by different fig wasps, and are morphologically distinct. It is named for the similarity of its
Ficus_abutilifolia
Species of wasp
Platyscapa clavigera is a species of fig wasp; it is the pollinator of Ficus elastica. Female: has shiny brown body that is smooth and glabrous, with paler
Platyscapa_clavigera
Family of wasps
consume the prey immediately; they also include fig wasp genera. Because of their parasitoid nature, wasps of this family are often used as biological control
Pteromalidae
Conflict between groups of ants
involve other animals, particularly other eusocial insects like termites or wasps. In the early 21st century, with the rapid spread of many species into new
War_in_ants
Genus of wasps
Apocrypta is an Old World genus of parasitic fig wasps in the family Pteromalidae. They are parasitoids of gall-wasps in the Sycophagini tribe, and especially
Apocrypta
Family of wasps
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Species of fig
often along streams and small rivers. Ficus benguetensis is pollinated by fig wasps from the genus Ceratosolen and dispersed by birds and fruit bats. In a
Ficus_benguetensis
Species of wasp
greenwoodi is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus obliqua, the fig species it pollinates. Lopez-Vaamonde
Pleistodontes_greenwoodi
Species of flowering plant
Melanocercops ficuvorella. The fig wasp Apocrypta bakeri has F. hispida as its host, where it parasitizes the pollinator fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi. The yet
Ficus_hispida
Species of wasp
regalis is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus pleurocarpa, the fig species it pollinates. Lopez-Vaamonde
Pleistodontes_regalis
South Australian fruit grower)
known for his introduction into the colony of the fig wasp, responsible for fertilizing the Smyrna fig, and for his association with the Society of Friends
T._B._Robson
Cosmopolitan family of bees
(They were outnumbered in diversity by almost twice as many species of wasps (75) that used the nests). Because they are (mostly) above-ground nesters
Megachilidae
Family of insects
Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period
Ant
Family of bees
1007/s13592-022-00931-8. Arnett, R. H. Jr. (2000). "Ch. 25: Hymenoptera (Wasps, Ants, and Bees)". American insects (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 531–614.
Apidae
Species of wasp
imperialis is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus rubiginosa, the fig species it pollinates. It
Pleistodontes_imperialis
Species of wasp
xanthocephalus is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus obliqua, the fig species it pollinates. Lopez-Vaamonde
Pleistodontes_xanthocephalus
Family of wasps
The Ceraphronidae, commonly known as ceraphronids or ceraphronid wasps, are a small hymenopteran family with 14 genera and some 360 known species, though
Ceraphronidae
Small hole in algae, fungi or plants
example to denote the opening of the involuted syconium (fig inflorescence) through which fig wasps enter to pollinate and breed. The species pharamacosycea
Ostiole
American biologist
approaches to disease processes. The fig wasp Pegoscapus franki was named after Frank in recognition of his early work on fig wasps. "Steven A. Frank". American
Steven_Frank_(biologist)
Superfamily of wasps and bees
Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from
Apoidea
Pacific island territory of France
Ungricht, S.; Rasplus, J. Y. (2012). "Testing the Emergence of New Caledonia: Fig Wasp Mutualism as a Case Study and a Review of Evidence". PLOS ONE. 7 (2) e30941
Grande_Terre_(New_Caledonia)
Superfamily of wasps
species, many of which have not yet been described. Like other parasitoid wasps, they were long placed in the "Parasitica", variously considered as an infraorder
Ichneumonoidea
Species of flowering plant
fig trees and fig wasps. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Amsterdam, 1-298 pp. Bouček Z., A. Watsham & J.T. Wiebes, 1981. The fig wasp
Ficus_vasta
Species of flowering plant
hemi-epiphytic species within the family Moraceae. It is pollinated by the fig wasp, Courtella wardi. Ficus tremula has three subspecies: Ficus tremula subsp
Ficus_tremula
Species of fig
mini-ecosystems involving the wasp, nematodes, other parasitic wasps, and various larger predators revolve around the life cycle of the fig. The trees' random production
Ficus_sycomorus
Study of organisms and their environment
symbiosis, bacteria living in the guts of insects and other organisms, the fig wasp and yucca moth pollination complex, lichens with fungi and photosynthetic
Ecology
Species of wasp
is a species of fig wasp in the genus Pegoscapus which is native to Colombia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus andicola, the fig species it pollinates
Pegoscapus_bacataensis
Indian ecologist and evolutionary biologist
ecology with special reference to plant and animal interactions such as figs and fig-wasps. Other areas of research interest include conservation biology and
Renee_Borges
Species of tropical fig
variants in Ficus dammaropsis, red and green. They are pollinated by the tiny fig wasp Ceratosolen abnormis. The young leaves are pickled or cooked and eaten
Ficus_dammaropsis
Species of fig tree native to the Neotropics
americana. Figs have an obligate mutualism with fig wasp (Agaonidae); figs are only pollinated by fig wasps, and fig wasps can only reproduce in fig flowers
Ficus_americana
Family of wasps
Chalcedectus is a genus of chalcid wasps, previously classified as part of the subfamily Cleonyminae, in the polyphyletic family Pteromalidae. It is the
Chalcedectus
Species of fungus
also been isolated from normal skin and in seawater, feces of animals, fig wasps, buttermilk, leather, fish, and beer. Candida guilliermondii colonies
Meyerozyma_guilliermondii
Species of wasp
species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It is associated with Ficus cerasicarpa and F. brachypoda. Female P. macrocainus wasps are 1.6 to 1
Pleistodontes_macrocainus
Species of flowering plant
pollinated by a wasp species of the family Agaonidae, with each fig species often being pollinated by a single species of wasp, and each wasp species pollinating
Ficus_watkinsiana
Species of wasp
Pleistodontes froggatti is a species of fig wasp that is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with the Moreton Bay fig, Ficus macrophylla, the species
Pleistodontes_froggatti
Species of wasp
nigriventris is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus watkinsiana, the fig species it pollinates. Lopez-Vaamonde
Pleistodontes_nigriventris
Species of wasp
schizodontus is a species of fig wasp which is native to Australia. It has an obligate mutualism with Ficus triradiata, the fig species it pollinates. Lopez-Vaamonde
Pleistodontes_schizodontus
Family of bees
subantennal sutures on the face, a primitive trait shared with the sphecoid wasps. Many groups also have depressions or grooves called "foveae" on the head
Andrenidae
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