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Termination of a species' lineage
though this claim has been disputed. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions of species and clades are quite common,
Extinction
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
extinctions do not fit with the idea that mass extinctions are periodic, or that ecosystems gradually build up to a point at which a mass extinction is
Extinction_event
Extinction of large animals at the end of the last Ice Age
diversity across the globe. The extinctions during the Late Pleistocene are differentiated from previous extinctions by their extreme size bias towards
Late_Pleistocene_extinctions
Disappearance of a species from a specific area
world. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions in which the species no longer lives anywhere worldwide. Local extinctions often mark a
Local_extinction
Ongoing extinction event caused by human activity
higher than natural background extinction rates. The Holocene extinction was preceded by the Late Pleistocene extinctions at the end of the last ice age
Holocene_extinction
Earth's most severe extinction event
regarding the chronology of the extinctions on land and whether they are synchronous with the main marine extinction event. The scientific consensus is
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
the extinctions occurred prior to, or during, the boundary interval. Ostracods that were heavily sexually selected were more vulnerable to extinction, and
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Large animals
extinctions, which is unprecented in previous extinctions during the last 30 million years. Various theories have attributed the wave of extinctions to
Megafauna
Topics referred to by the same term
Attenuation coefficient, sometimes called "extinction coefficient" in meteorology or climatology Mass extinction coefficient, how strongly a substance absorbs
Extinction_coefficient
Topics referred to by the same term
Extinctionism and extinctionist may refer to: Various theories about extinction of species, human race, social classes, etc. Extinctionism (religious concept)
Extinctionism
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up extinction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Extinction, in biology and palaeontology, is the end of a species or other taxon. Extinction may also
Extinction_(disambiguation)
Mass extinction event c. 444 million years ago
the Late Ordovician mass extinction did not produce major changes to ecosystem structures compared to other mass extinctions, nor did it lead to any particular
Late Ordovician mass extinction
Late_Ordovician_mass_extinction
Partial list from Image:Extinction Intensity.png Bond, David P. G.; Grasby, Stephen E. (2017-07-15). "On the causes of mass extinctions". Palaeogeography,
List_of_extinction_events
Process of re-creating an extinct organism
not natural processes like previous extinctions. Since humans are the primary cause of this modern extinction, it can be argued that humans now have
De-extinction
List of extinct species
species List of fossil primates Lists of prehistoric fish List of bird extinctions by year List of extinct dog breeds List of recently extinct amphibians
Lists_of_extinct_species
caused the extinctions, but human activity (hunting, fire, and habitat alterations) was certainly a factor in many of the Holocene extinctions. Climate
Prehistoric human impacts on the environment
Prehistoric_human_impacts_on_the_environment
2016 novel by Australian author Josephine Wilson
advanced years, Extinctions is akin to a coming-of-age story. Will he mature into a good person? Wilson attempts too much, but Extinctions is a rich and
Extinctions_(Wilson_novel)
Second of the big five mass extinctions
Some consider the extinction to be as many as seven distinct events, spread over about 25 million years, with notable extinctions at the ends of the
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Mass extinction ending the Triassic period
for marine extinctions, evidence is inconclusive since many sea level drops in geological history are not correlated with increased extinctions. However
Triassic–Jurassic_extinction
Future extinction of species due to events in the past
scientists' writings about the aftermaths of mass extinctions. In discussions of threats to biodiversity, extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment"
Extinction_debt
The accuracy of these dates for bird extinctions varies wildly between one entry and another. Hypothetical species, which cannot be proven to have existed
List of bird extinctions by year
List_of_bird_extinctions_by_year
Extinction event around 260 million years ago
Cretaceous, Late Ordovician, and end-Permian mass extinctions, and is considered to be the fifth worst extinction in terms of ecological severity within marine
Capitanian mass extinction event
Capitanian_mass_extinction_event
Standard rate of extinction
events throughout Earth's history. Extinctions are a normal part of the evolutionary process, and the background extinction rate is a measurement of "how often"
Background_extinction_rate
End of the human species
catastrophic extinctions but rather represented unrecognized gaps[clarification needed] in the record. As the possibility of extinction became more widely
Human_extinction
Pleistocene-Holocene Extinctions: Distinguishing Between Anthropic and Climatic Causes. Haynes, Gary (2009). American megafaunal extinctions at the end of the
Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_Holocene
Mass extinction 273 million years ago
regarding the duration of the overall extinction and about the timing and duration of various groups' extinctions within the greater process. Theories
Olson's_Extinction
the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year. Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene Timeline of extinctions in the 19th century
Timeline of extinctions in the 20th century
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_20th_century
Topics referred to by the same term
up extinction event in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. An extinction event, in biology and paleontology, refers to a mass extinction. Extinction Event
Extinction_Event
Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential
Global_catastrophic_risk
Environmental pressure group
Extinction Rebellion (abbreviated as XR) is a UK-founded global environmental movement, with the stated aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to compel
Extinction_Rebellion
End of viability for a population
genetics Mutational meltdown Small population size Extinction vortex Extinction debt Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences 1999
Functional_extinction
Interstellar absorption and scattering of light
aggregate and particular extinctions. It is A V / E ( B − V ) {\displaystyle A_{V}/E(B-V)\,} Restated, it is the total extinction, A(V) divided by the selective
Extinction_(astronomy)
Risk of plant or animal species becoming extinct due to climate change
marine species extinctions, 16–20% terrestrial animal species extinctions, and a combined average of 12–14% animal species extinctions. This was defined
Extinction risk from climate change
Extinction_risk_from_climate_change
2015 film
Extinction (formerly known as Welcome to Harmony) is a 2015 post-apocalyptic horror film directed by Miguel Ángel Vivas who also co-wrote the screenplay
Extinction_(2015_film)
Neanderthal extinction Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000 years ago. Hypotheses on the causes of the extinction include violence, transmission of
Neanderthal_extinction
Series of secondary extinctions
series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem. Secondary extinctions are likely to occur
Cascade_effect_(ecology)
Extinction event during the Aptian stage
Mass Extinctions. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999; p. 95. Archangelsky, Sergio. "The Ticó Flora (Patagonia) and the Aptian Extinction Event
Aptian_extinction
2018 studio album by Unearth
au/reviews/unearth-extinctions/F2cDCwoNDA8/04-11-18 https://newnoisemagazine.com/reviews/review-unearth-extinctions-2/ "Album Review: UNEARTH Extinction(s)". Metal
Extinction(s)
1992 studio album by Megadeth
Countdown to Extinction is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth, released on July 14, 1992, through Capitol Records. It was the
Countdown_to_Extinction
Mass extinction event about 488 million years ago
Ordovician period Fortey, Richard Alan (6 November 1989). "There are extinctions and extinctions: examples from the Lower Palaeozoic". Philosophical Transactions
Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event
Cambrian–Ordovician_extinction_event
Season of television series
Survivor: Edge of Extinction is the 38th season of the American competitive reality television series Survivor. Broadcast between February 20 and May 15
Survivor:_Edge_of_Extinction
2007 film by Russell Mulcahy
Resident Evil: Extinction is a 2007 action horror film directed by Russell Mulcahy and written by Paul W. S. Anderson. A direct sequel to Resident Evil:
Resident_Evil:_Extinction
Mass extinction event 33.9 million years ago
to the largest mass extinctions. In Europe it is also known as the Grande Coupure (French for "great cut"), marked by the extinction of many endemic mammal
Eocene–Oligocene extinction event
Eocene–Oligocene_extinction_event
2018 film by Ben Young
Extinction is a 2018 American science fiction action film directed by Ben Young and written by Spenser Cohen and Brad Kane. The film is about a father
Extinction_(2018_film)
Mass extinction at the end of the Devonian
extinctions. Depending on the method used, the Hangenberg Event typically falls between the fifth and tenth deadliest post-Cambrian mass extinctions,
Hangenberg_event
First period of the Mesozoic Era
observed mass extinction. The number of Late Triassic extinctions is disputed. Some studies suggest that there are at least two periods of extinction towards
Triassic
Ongoing mass extinction of amphibian species worldwide
amphibian populations, including population decline and localized mass extinctions, have been observed in locations all over the world. This type of biodiversity
Decline in amphibian populations
Decline_in_amphibian_populations
Extinct order of bivalve molluscs
major reef-building organisms in the Tethys Ocean, until their complete extinction at the close of the Cretaceous. The Late Jurassic forms were elongated
Rudists
Diverse clade of specialized reptiles
Cretaceous Extinctions". American Scientist. 70 (4): 377–385. Bibcode:1982AmSci..70..377A. JSTOR 27851545. Jablonski, D. (1991). "Extinctions: a paleontological
Dinosaur
the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year. Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene Timeline of extinctions in the 20th century
Timeline of extinctions in the 19th century
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_19th_century
Class of models about the dynamics of extinctions of species
Extinction vortices are types of extinction causing the population dynamics to "spiral" in a feedback loop, i.e., for small populations to become increasingly
Extinction_vortex
Hypothetical star orbiting the Sun, supposedly responsible for extinction events
somewhat beyond the Oort cloud, to explain a perceived cycle of mass extinctions in the geological record, which seem to occur more often at intervals
Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)
Species of some organisms facing a very high risk of extinction
Céline; Bernery, Camille; Leclerc, Camille (October 2021). "Looming extinctions due to invasive species: Irreversible loss of ecological strategy and
Endangered_species
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
least three, and possibly four major extinction events in the Permian, though the validity of some of these extinctions has been disputed. The end of the
Permian
Third division (unofficial) of the Pleistocene Epoch
Holocene Mammalian Extinctions in South America in a Context of Shrinking Open Areas?", in Haynes, Gary (ed.), American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of
Late_Pleistocene
Geological boundary between time periods
Eventually, most paleontologists began to accept the idea that the mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous were largely or at least partly due to a
Cretaceous–Paleogene_boundary
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
(incertae sedis). The Late Devonian extinction is not a single event, but rather is a series of pulsed extinctions at the Givetian-Frasnian boundary, the
Devonian
Third and last age of the late Jurassic
metrics outside the top 10 largest extinctions since the Cambrian. Nevertheless, it was still one of the largest extinctions of the Jurassic Period, alongside
Tithonian
2001 film by Joe Johnston
Spielberg's initial idea. These final scenes inspired the title Jurassic Park: Extinction, although the filmmakers decided against this name as it seemed to suggest
Jurassic_Park_III
Variety and variability of life forms
at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. and expected to still grow
Biodiversity
Family of primates
The Hominidae (/hɒˈmɪnɪdiː/; hominids /ˈhɒmɪnɪdz/), whose members are known as the great apes, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant
Hominidae
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
Vörös, Attila; Kocsis, Ádám T.; Pálfy, József (2019). "Mass extinctions and clade extinctions in the history of brachiopods: Brief review and a post-Paleozoic
Jurassic
Science fiction television series (2004–2009)
the intended direct-to-DVD Stargate Atlantis movie entitled Stargate: Extinction was cancelled. Stargate Atlantis follows the present-day adventures of
Stargate_Atlantis
Avoiding Mass Extinctions Engine (abbreviated AMEE) was an environmental data company which provides a free public database of companies' environmental
Avoiding Mass Extinctions Engine
Avoiding_Mass_Extinctions_Engine
2014 nonfiction book by Elizabeth Kolbert
sixth extinction. In the book, Kolbert chronicles previous mass extinction events, and compares them to the accelerated, widespread extinctions during
The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
The_Sixth_Extinction:_An_Unnatural_History
Symbol to represent mass extinction
The extinction symbol represents the threat of holocene extinction on Earth; a circle represents the planet and a stylised hourglass is a warning that
Extinction_symbol
Typically human-caused eradication of entire avian species
greatest influences on avian extinction. Island species are especially sensitive to these factors, with 95% of bird extinctions since the late 15th century
Bird_extinction
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
"Historic extinctions: a Rosetta stone for understanding prehistoric extinctions". In Martin PS, Klein RG (eds.). Quaternary extinctions: A prehistoric
Mammal
List of extinct species
J. K., & Reynolds, J. D. (2009). Holocene extinctions in the sea. In Turvey, S. (2009) Holocene Extinctions, pgs. 129-150. Miller, K.A.; Garske, L. &
List of Galapagos Islands species extinct in the Holocene
List_of_Galapagos_Islands_species_extinct_in_the_Holocene
Animal extinctions in the African continent since 9700 BCE
greater number of Holocene extinctions. Recently extinct species from these regions are listed in separate articles. Many extinction dates are unknown due
List of African species extinct in the Holocene
List_of_African_species_extinct_in_the_Holocene
Level of extinction from which a species cannot recover
Quasi-extinction refers to the state in which a species or population has declined to critically low numbers, making its recovery highly unlikely, even
Quasi-extinction
Environmental movement
population would prevent a significant amount of human-caused suffering. The extinctions of non-human species and the scarcity of resources caused by humans are
Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
Voluntary_Human_Extinction_Movement
Extinct species of conifer
potential plant extinctions. Further discovery and examination of plant macrofossils is needed to determine whether other plant extinctions have occurred
Picea_critchfieldii
Neurological disorder
Extinction is a neurological disorder that impairs the ability to simultaneously perceive multiple stimuli of the same type. Extinction is usually caused
Extinction_(neurology)
2025. Tyrberg, Tommy (2009). "4. Holocene avian extinctions". In Turvey, Samuel (ed.). Holocene extinctions. Oxford biology. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University
List of extinct bird species since 1500
List_of_extinct_bird_species_since_1500
Dutch paleontologist (born 1948)
mass extinctions. Smit independently hypothesized and worked on the asteroid impact hypothesis linking it to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Jan_Smit_(paleontologist)
University of Chicago paleontologist (1948–1999)
that the extinction of dinosaurs 66 mya was part of a cycle of mass extinctions that may have occurred every 26 million years. But their most important
Jack_Sepkoski
2013 first-person shooter video game
Ghosts also features an alternative co-operative shooter mode titled Extinction, acting as a spiritual successor to the Zombies co-operative PvE game
Call_of_Duty:_Ghosts
2014 film by Michael Bay
Transformers: Age of Extinction is a 2014 science fiction action film based on Hasbro's Transformers toy line. It is the sequel to Transformers: Dark of
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Transformers:_Age_of_Extinction
Concept of this parameter
In telecommunications, extinction ratio (re) is the ratio of two optical power levels of a digital signal generated by an optical source, e.g., a laser
Extinction_ratio
Process in which a language loses all its native speakers
when a language loses its last native speaker. By extension, language extinction is when the language is no longer known, including by second-language
Language_death
Informal working group of taxonomists
The Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) is an informal working group of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (TFTSG). It is composed
Turtle_Taxonomy_Working_Group
Two extinction intervals that occurred during Stages 4 and 5 of the Cambrian Period
extinction event, also known as the late early Cambrian extinctions, refer to two extinction intervals that occurred during Stages 4 and 5 of the Cambrian
End-Botomian_mass_extinction
a list of South American species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years
List of South American species extinct in the Holocene
List_of_South_American_species_extinct_in_the_Holocene
Fading of non-reinforced conditioned response over time
Extinction in psychology refers to the gradual decrease and possible elimination of a learned behavior. This behavioral phenomenon can be observed in both
Extinction_(psychology)
species extinct in the Holocene. Extinctions in Easter Island, a territory of Chile, are included, but extinctions in the Juan Fernández Islands are
List of Oceanian species extinct in the Holocene
List_of_Oceanian_species_extinct_in_the_Holocene
Geologist and paleontologist
paleontologist whose work has focused on global catastrophes and mass extinctions. She has been a professor of geosciences at Princeton University since
Gerta_Keller
Extinction event in the Middle Devonian
ma). The Taghanic event at the Givetian/Frasnian boundary caused many extinctions, including the disappearance of about 50% of coral genera. About 47%
Taghanic_event
Hypothesized risk to human existence
human extinction or another irreversible global catastrophe. Debates center on whether AI can achieve the capabilities needed for human extinction, the
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
five hundred years of mammalian species extinctions". In MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (eds.). Extinctions in Near Time. Advances in Vertebrate
List of recently extinct mammals
List_of_recently_extinct_mammals
American AI safety research center
Oliver Zhang. In May 2023, CAIS published the statement on AI risk of extinction signed by hundreds of professors of AI, leaders of major AI companies
Center_for_AI_Safety
Australian writer and academic
September 2017, Wilson won the Miles Franklin Award for her second novel, Extinctions (UWA Publishing, 2016). This book had won the inaugural Dorothy Hewett
Josephine_Wilson_(writer)
Study of past life through fossils
sixth extinction as a result of human activity. However, mass extinction events only account for a small percentage of total species extinctions. Most
Paleontology
1998 studio album by Busta Rhymes
Extinction Level Event: The Final World Front is the third studio album by American rapper and record producer Busta Rhymes. It was released on December
Extinction Level Event: The Final World Front
Extinction_Level_Event:_The_Final_World_Front
Topics referred to by the same term
The Sixth Extinction or Holocene extinction is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch. Sixth Extinction may also refer
Sixth Extinction (disambiguation)
Sixth_Extinction_(disambiguation)
Ecology term
change Ecological threshold Extinction Flying fox Guanaco Keystone species Rhea Sea otter Estes et al. The ecology of extinctions in kelp forest communities
Ecological_extinction
Scientific theory concerning impact events
Machine Asteroid/Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions Archived 2009-08-12 at the Wayback Machine,
Shiva_hypothesis
Lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains
the extinctions. All of the factors that have played a role in past extinctions are still present and active today. As a result, the extinction event
Subfossil_lemur
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
Pleistocene extinctions resulted in a change of body shape as the species adapted for increased power rather than speed. The extinctions hardly affected
Pleistocene
The white genocide, white extinction, or white replacement conspiracy theory is a white nationalist conspiracy theory that claims there is a deliberate
White genocide conspiracy theory
White_genocide_conspiracy_theory
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