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Liabilities owed to nonresidents by residents
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. The debtors can be governments, corporations
External_debt
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in internationally accepted currencies
List of countries by external debt
List_of_countries_by_external_debt
Total unpaid borrowed funds carried by the Government of Pakistan
096 billion in 2013. Majority of this increase in debt was in domestic debt in which external debt of Pakistan increased by 22 percent, from US$42.8 billion
National_debt_of_Pakistan
Debt owed by India to foreign creditors
The external debt of India is the debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government, state governments, corporations
External_debt_of_India
Money owed from Haiti to other countries and international institutions to repay loans
The external debt of Haiti (French: Dette Extérieure d'Haïti) is a notable and controversial national debt which mostly stems from an outstanding 1825
External_debt_of_Haiti
of GDP) (October 2024) ∟Domestic debt: ₱10.89 trillion ($187.80 billion) (41.6% of GDP) (October 2024) ∟External debt: ₱5.13 trillion ($88.47 billion)
National debt of the Philippines
National_debt_of_the_Philippines
debt List of countries by household debt List of countries by external debt List of sovereign debt crises Consumer price index by country Global debt
List of countries by government debt
List_of_countries_by_government_debt
1953 debt relief treaty
London Agreement on German External Debts, also known as the London Debt Agreement (German: Londoner Schuldenabkommen), was a debt relief treaty between the
London Agreement on German External Debts
London_Agreement_on_German_External_Debts
U.S. federal government debt (united states national debt)
obligations. The U.S. has the largest external debt in the world alongside the world's largest economy (GDP). The ratio of debt to GDP oscillates as economic
National debt of the United States
National_debt_of_the_United_States
Total amount of money owed by the Nigerian government to its creditors
domestic and external. The national debt is composed of two main components: debt held by the public and debt held by government accounts. Debt held by the
Nigeria_national_debt
Republic of China government
Republic of China ordered its banks to roll over debts in a debt-restructuring. China's gross external debt in 2023 was $2.38 trillion. By the mid-2010s,
National_debt_of_China
2022[update], global debt was the equivalent of 305 trillion USD. This includes debt by both public and private debtors. The total external debt owed by public
Global_debt
Economic assessment of a country's debt
between external debt denominated in domestic currency, and external debt denominated in foreign currency. A nation can service external debt denominated
Debt-to-GDP_ratio
Total amount of debt owed to lenders by a government/state
residents, that quantity is included in the country's external debt. In 2020, the value of government debt worldwide was US$87.4 trillion, or 99% measured as
Government_debt
2010 economics paper by Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff
effectiveness of austerity in fiscal policy for debt-burdened economies. The paper argues that when "gross external debt reaches 60 percent of GDP", a country's
Growth_in_a_Time_of_Debt
countries by corporate debt List of countries by external debt List of countries by government debt Global debt "Household debt, loans and debt securities". IMF
List of countries by household debt
List_of_countries_by_household_debt
Concept in economics
between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country. External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly
Net international investment position
Net_international_investment_position
Defaulting On All Its External Debt". NDTV. "Sri Lanka economic crisis live updates: Sri Lanka defaults on entire $51 billion external debt". Times of India
List_of_sovereign_debt_crises
Money held by a central bank to pay debts, if needed
broad money, broad money to short-term external debt, and short-term external debt to short-term external debt on residual maturity basis plus current
Foreign_exchange_reserves
The debt of developing countries usually refers to the external debt incurred by governments of developing countries. There have been several historical
Debt_of_developing_countries
Financial crisis during the 1970s and 1980s
excessive external debt accumulation, particularly in economies heavily reliant on commodity exports. As Latin American governments took on more debt in the
Latin_American_debt_crisis
Obligation to pay borrowed money
to address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress. Municipal bonds (or muni bonds) are typical debt obligations, for
Debt
Debts accumulated under Ceaușescu in the 1970s and 1980s
its total external debt was $0.0 billion. However, external debt is only part of a country's public debt, the other part being its internal debt. The tax
Foreign debt of the Socialist Republic of Romania
Foreign_debt_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania
Diplomatic practice coercing alignment or access of an indebted country to its creditor
an Economic Hit Man Debt crisis Debt of developing countries Dollar diplomacy Economic diplomacy European debt crisis External debt Foreign policy of China
Debt-trap_diplomacy
by external debt List of countries by household debt List of countries by government debt Global debt "Nonfinancial corporate debt, loans and debt securities"
List of countries by corporate debt
List_of_countries_by_corporate_debt
Leader of Romania from 1965 to 1989
stock. By March 1989, virtually all external debt had been repaid, including all medium- and long-term external debt. The remaining amount, totalling less
Nicolae_Ceaușescu
International law legal theory
Debt of developing countries Debt relief Domestic liability dollarization Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Haiti's external debt
Odious_debt
Payments by Haiti to France in compensation for property lost in the Haitian Revolution
Independence of Saint-Domingue External debt of Haiti France–Haiti relations Foreign relations of Haiti Chilean independence debt Convention of London (1861)
Haitian_independence_debt
Head of state of India
The first two emergencies were in the face of external aggression and war. They were hence external emergencies. Even as the second emergency was in
President_of_India
Situation in which a government cannot pay back its debt
out most of Sub-Saharan Africa’s external debts. These debt relief initiatives substantially reduced nominal public debt to sustainable levels, bringing
Debt_crisis
report on the debt which contains detailed statistical analysis of the country's external debt position. At end-June 2024, India’s external debt was placed
Economy_of_India
Political party in India
companies. It also introduced policies aimed at relieving farmers of their debt. In 2005, Singh government introduced the value-added tax, replacing the
Indian_National_Congress
Upper house of the Indian Parliament
proclaimed criminal. Not be a subject of insolvency, i.e. they should not be in debt that they are not capable of repaying in a current manner and should have
Rajya_Sabha
Mexican political party
Echeverría's administration (1970–76) increased social spending, through external debt, at a time when oil production and prices were surging. However, the
Institutional Revolutionary Party
Institutional_Revolutionary_Party
country's debts. The Australian Lowy Institute said that Sri Lanka was "not engulfed in a Chinese debt trap", as 47% of Sri Lanka's external debt is owed
Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–2024)
Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis_(2019–2024)
infrastructure. In 2012, Nigeria's external debt was an estimated $5.9 billion and N5.6 trillion domestic, putting total debt at $44 billion. In April 2006
Economy_of_Nigeria
Guideline in international finance
reserves should equal short-term external debt (one-year or less maturity), implying a ratio of reserves-to-short term debt of 1. The rationale is that countries
Guidotti–Greenspan_rule
and the EU is the fifth largest import partner of Vietnam. In 2004, external debt amounted to US$16.6 billion, or 37% of GDP. From 1988 to December 2004
Economy_of_Vietnam
of Yemen inherited an unsustainable debt burden amounting to roughly 106 percent of gross domestic product. Debt rescheduling by the Paris Club creditor
Economy_of_Yemen
Economic policy in Communist Romania
Republic of Romania by President Nicolae Ceaușescu in order to pay off the external debt incurred by the state in the 1970s. Beginning in 1981, the austerity
1980s austerity policy in Romania
1980s_austerity_policy_in_Romania
debts. The 2004 budget did provide funds for external debt service (interest) at some 6% of the government budget, the 2005 budget projects external debt
Economy_of_Moldova
Total amount of debt owed to lenders by the Republic of Turkey
about Turkey's "debt problem" as "alarmist" and based on "fallacies," in March 2018, citing concerns about the country's large, external-financing needs
National_debt_of_Turkey
state, the Russian Federation, with a growing pile of $66 billion in external debt and barely a few billion dollars in net gold and foreign exchange reserves
Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union
Series of economic events in Western Europe
(1998), The Theory of Sovereign Debt and Spain under Philip II (PDF) Carlos Álvarez-Nogal; Christophe Chamley, Debt policy under constraints: Philip
Price_revolution
Indian stock exchange in Mumbai
trade. NSE commenced operations on 30 June 1994 starting with the wholesale debt market (WDM) segment and equities segment on 3 November 1994. It was the
National Stock Exchange of India
National_Stock_Exchange_of_India
debt in Turkey had more than doubled since 2009, up to $214 billion after netting against their foreign-exchange assets. Turkey's gross external debt
Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)
Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)
Currency of Zimbabwe
continues to overspend. As of November 2024, Zimbabwe had US$21 billion in external debt. The ZiG currency was announced on 5 April 2024, taking the name from
Zimbabwe_Gold
estimate, and can be reranked by any of the sources. List of countries by external debt List of countries by GDP (nominal) List of countries by GDP (PPP) per
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita
debt: List of countries by corporate debt List of countries by external debt List of countries by government debt List of countries by household debt
Lists_of_countries_by_debt
May 2023. In 2022, the share of external debt to GDP was 17%, decreasing from 26.3% in 2021. Russia's external debt was estimated at 381.8 billion U
Economy_of_Russia
Sovereign debt crisis faced by Greece (2009–2018)
List of countries by external debt List of countries by net international investment position per capita Puerto Rican government-debt crisis Vulture fund
Greek_government-debt_crisis
Nigeria's public debt manager
difficulties in Nigeria's debt portfolio, including high external and domestic debt, substantial debt service obligations, low external reserves, and weak institutional
Debt Management Office (Nigeria)
Debt_Management_Office_(Nigeria)
India's domestic intelligence agency
the IB was responsible for both internal and external intelligence. However, shortcomings in its external intelligence, particularly in foreseeing Chinese
Intelligence_Bureau_(India)
Exchange of foreign debt for investments
Through a debt-for-nature swap, a debtor country reduces its total outstanding external debt. The debtor country is able to buy back part of its debt in more
Debt-for-nature_swap
Vice President of Nigeria from 2015 to 2023
(Osinbajo & Awa Kalu eds.) 1991 External Debt Management: Case Study of Nigeria – International Finance and External Debt Management, UNDP/UNCTC, 1991 Judicial
Yemi_Osinbajo
agriculture (3.5%). Following the economic reform of 1989, Poland's external debt has increased from $42.2 billion in 1989 to $365.2 billion in 2014.
Economy_of_Poland
President of Brazil from 1969 to 1974
8.43% per year). However, this period also saw a threefold rise in external debt and a growing income disparity. Médici took office with inflation at
Emílio_Garrastazu_Médici
problem. Morocco suffers both from structural unemployment and a large external debt. The youth unemployment rate was 27.2% in 2021. About 80% of jobs are
Economy_of_Morocco
Egyptian economic event
of increasing external public debt service payments and the absence of measures to boost foreign exchange reserves, the country's debt capacity significantly
2023–2024 Egyptian financial crisis
2023–2024_Egyptian_financial_crisis
Distribution of Public Debt (FY 2016) Unsecurized Public Debt (43.3% of GDP) (88.2%) Securized Public Debt (4.3% of GDP) (8.80%) External Debt (1.5% of GDP) (3
Politics_of_Iran
Integrated Schematic National Programs for Economic Development
control of the economy would undermine a young democracy. India faced an external payments crisis in 1957, which is viewed as confirmation of Shenoy's argument
Five-Year_Plans_of_India
enterprises; remained state-owned. Government debt rose to $33.9 billion (29.5% of GDP), while corporate external debt reached $30.2 billion (26.2%). The government
Economy_of_Uzbekistan
Political boundaries between India and neighboring territories
also called bazaars and haats, established by the efforts of Ministry of External Affairs. India-Bhutan Border Haat on India-Bhutan border are in operation
Borders_of_India
and to safeguard trade interests, and it was overloaded with debt under threat of external violence (the French indemnity). Self-chosen isolation, for
Economy_of_Haiti
Set of three bond indices
markets external-currency debt, a list of the instruments traded, and a compilation of their terms. The index comprises a set of broker-traded debt instruments
JPMorgan_EMBI
Retrieved 4 February 2026. "Lebanon External Debt [2002 – 2020] [Data & Charts]". www.ceicdata.com. "public debt net total debt". banque du liban. Archived from
Economy_of_Lebanon
Part of a national economy
direct investment External debt Exchange rate Foreign exchange reserves Net international investment position "Analyzing the External Sector" (PDF). IMF
External_sector
Country in South Asia
with some external support. The UPA returned to power in the 2009 general election with increased numbers, no longer dependent on external support. Singh
India
President of Brazil (2003–2011; since 2023)
such as Bolsa Família that eventually led to GDP growth, reduction in external debt and inflation, and helping millions of Brazilians escape poverty. He
Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva
Sri Lanka sovereign debt crisis
foreign debt from April 12, 2022, kindling the Asian island's first sovereign default event and ending an unblemished record of repaying external debt despite
Sri_Lanka_sovereign_default
Economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong
to various degrees of success, three variables in: budget deficits, external debt and exchange rates. Each Tiger nation's budget deficits were kept within
Four_Asian_Tigers
from Russia led to the cancellation of Algeria's entire debt to Russia. In 2006 external debt was estimated at US$4.4 billion, down from US$23.5 billion
Economy_of_Algeria
Debt intolerance is a term referring to the inability of emerging markets to manage levels of external debt that, under the same circumstances, would
Debt_intolerance
of GDP (in 2017). Government debt and liabilities data is sourced from the State Bank of Pakistan. Pakistan's external debt servicing includes the repayment
Economy_of_Pakistan
sexuality. These changes came as a result of both internal and external influences. External influences came in the form of British colonial rule causing
Sexuality_in_India
India's first successful nuclear weapons test (1974)
intelligence, the operation was named as Happy Krishna. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the test as a peaceful nuclear explosion. The bomb
Smiling_Buddha
Partial or total forgiveness of debt
Debt relief or debt cancellation or debt jubilee is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals
Debt_relief
Prime Minister of Russia from 2000 to 2004
its debts, and the ruble was dramatically devaluated. Kasyanov was the head of the working team for restructuring Russian government external debts and
Mikhail_Kasyanov
mineral and textile products accounting for 94% of total exports. It's external debt has been around $1.4 billion since the early 2020s. The Afghan economy
Economy_of_Afghanistan
Process following Argentina's Great Depression
December 26, 2001, Argentina defaulted on a total of US$93 billion of its external debt; of around $81.8 billion in bonds that were defaulted, 51% were issued
Argentine_debt_restructuring
(Gross external debt)". UOL. 1950–2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2022. Alt URL "Brazil Government Debt: % of
Economy_of_Brazil
Topics referred to by the same term
Debt service may refer to: Interest payable on debt, especially on government debt Debt service ratio Debt service coverage ratio External debt Developing
Debt_service
nearly 1.5 million adults learned to read. From 2006 to 2013, PDVSA's external debt increased from $3 billion to $35 billion. The economy had become dependent
Venezuela
Legislative committee of the Nigerian national assembly
aids, and debt management within the federal government. Its creation was in response to increasing concerns about Nigeria's growing external debt and the
House Committee on Aids, Loans and Debt Management
House_Committee_on_Aids,_Loans_and_Debt_Management
Multi-year debt crisis in multiple EU countries, 2009–2010
also known as the eurozone crisis, European debt crisis, or European sovereign debt crisis, was a debt crisis and financial crisis in the European Union
Euro_area_crisis
1858–1947 Crown colonial rule in India
cost of the Indian Army, which had the effect of erasing India's national debt; it ended the war with a surplus of £1,300 million. In addition, heavy British
British_Raj
Financial losses that an entity might incur from an uncertain future event
Tax Disputed Financial guarantees given "9. Contingent Liabilities". External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. International Monetary Fund
Contingent_liability
reflect the real floating exchange rate. As of February 2021, Suriname's external debt stands at US$4 billion. Of this amount, the nation sought to restructure
Economy_of_Suriname
Burundi is heavily dependent on bilateral and multilateral aid, with external debt totaling $1.247 billion (1.247 G$) in 1997. A series of largely unsuccessful
Economy_of_Burundi
a large foreign debt, with an overall external debt of 28 billion US dollars. China owns over 13 billion dollars of its debt. Its debt to GDP ratio is
Economy_of_Ethiopia
When a sovereign entity fails to pay its debts
international negotiations that end in a partial debt cancellation (London Agreement on German External Debts 1953) or debt restructuring (e.g. Brady Bonds in the
Sovereign_default
Default of three major Icelandic banks
banks in rolling over their short-term debt. At the end of the second quarter of 2008, Iceland's external debt was 9.553 trillion Icelandic krónur (€50
2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
2008–2011_Icelandic_financial_crisis
Kingdom in Europe between 1881 and 1947
Romania's public debt as of 1 April 1938 amounted to 112,267,290,144 lei, of which 78,398,078,964 lei consisted of external debt. Total public debt thus amounted
Kingdom_of_Romania
economic growth. The economic growth resulted in inflation, and the external debt of the country increased by 15 times in a period of 5 years. With the
Economic_history_of_Ecuador
October 2015. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015. public external debt only; private external debt unavailable
Economy_of_Brunei
1918 sovereign debt crisis
repudiating the external debt, the Soviet government implemented the Petrograd Soviet’s decision of 1905. The cancellation of the foreign debt by Soviet Russia
Repudiation of debt at the Russian Revolution
Repudiation_of_debt_at_the_Russian_Revolution
1998 fundraising campaign in South Korea
their foreign debts. Foreign borrowing by financial institutions was blocked, making it difficult to repay a short-term external debt of $30 billion
Gold-collecting_campaign
Land service branch of the Indian Armed Forces
ensure national security and national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression and internal threats, and to maintain peace and security within
Indian_Army
"Telugu" (6,670). "Population of Overseas Indians". mea.gov.in. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023
Indian_people
President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982
before leaving office, and by the end of his term Mexico had the highest external debt in the world. His presidency was also marked by widespread government
José_López_Portillo
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL DEBT
Girl/Female
Hindu
Eternal
Boy/Male
Hindu
Eternal
Girl/Female
Tamil
Saswaty | ஸஸà¯à®µà®¤à¯à®¯Â
Eternal
Saswaty | ஸஸà¯à®µà®¤à¯à®¯Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Eternal
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
External; Outside
Boy/Male
Tamil
Eternal
Girl/Female
Tamil
Nithyadevi | நீதà¯à®¯à®¤à¯‡à®µà¯€Â
Eternal
Nithyadevi | நீதà¯à®¯à®¤à¯‡à®µà¯€Â
Boy/Male
Arabic American Egyptian Muslim
Eternal.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Eternal
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Eternal
Girl/Female
Hindu
Eternal
Girl/Female
Tamil
Eternal
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nabhanyu | நபாநà¯à®¯à¯
Eternal
Nabhanyu | நபாநà¯à®¯à¯
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Outside external
Girl/Female
Arabic Muslim
Eternal.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
External
Boy/Male
Muslim
Eternal
Girl/Female
Tamil
Eternal
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Eternal
Boy/Male
Hindi
Eternal.
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL DEBT
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin
Sea of Bitterness; Little Mary; Wished-for Child; Rebellion; Bitter; Star of the Sea
Boy/Male
German
Soldier who wields an axe.
Boy/Male
Afghan, African, Australian, French, Hebrew, Lebanese, Parsi
Help; Scarlet; Fire
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse byname Triggr meaning ‘trustworthy’, ‘faithful’, a cognate of Trow 1.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Gaelic, Irish, Jamaican
Royal; Little King; Descendant of Riagan; Form of Regan; Furious; Impulsive
Boy/Male
Muslim
Fairness
Female
Egyptian
, an Egyptian lady.
Biblical
treading under foot; manger
Boy/Male
Arabic, British, Malaysian
Glow
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Goddess of Knowledge
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL DEBT
n.
The point where two converging lines meet; an angle, either external or internal.
a.
External; outward; not inherent.
a.
Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care.
a.
Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly; as, maternal love; maternal tenderness.
a.
Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth.
a.
Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.
n.
The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals.
a.
Situated between the external and internal carotid arteries; as, an intercarotid ganglion.
n.
Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.
n.
A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments.
a.
Eternal; everlasting.
a.
Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures.
a.
Internal; inward; -- opposed to external.
a.
Possessing knowledge, whether by internal, conscious experience or by external observation; cognizant; aware; sensible.
a.
Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate.
n.
A very slight convulsive or spasmodic contraction of certain muscles, external or internal.
adv.
In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly.
a.
Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade; internal troubles or war.
a.
Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.
a.
Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the sternum.