Search references for ERNA HAMBURGER. Phrases containing ERNA HAMBURGER
See searches and references containing ERNA HAMBURGER!ERNA HAMBURGER
Swiss engineer (1911–1988)
Erna Hamburger (14 September 1911 – 15 May 1988) was a Swiss engineer and professor. In 1957, she became professor of electrometry at the University of
Erna_Hamburger
American computer scientist
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty. In 2018, she won the Erna Hamburger prize from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne -Women
Jennifer_Widom
electro-wetting Patrick E. Haggerty Co-founder of Texas Instruments Erna Hamburger Swiss electrical engineer working in radio-wave research. First female
List_of_electrical_engineers
American computer scientist (1932–2020)
Portrait of Fran Allen receiving the Erna Hamburger Distinguished Lecture Award at EPFL, May 6, 2008
Frances_Allen
British engineer and life peer (born 1954)
Society, Constance Tipper, Bengough and Kelvin medals as well as the Erna Hamburger Prize and the 2012 President's Prize of the Engineering Professors'
Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge
Julia_King,_Baroness_Brown_of_Cambridge
Kenyan energy researcher
Pritzker Emerging Environmental Genius Award. Mutiso received the 2025 Erna Hamburger Award for her research into climate resilient energy solutions.[citation
Rose_Mutiso
British-Australian quantum physicist (born 1967)
Society Bakerian Medal 2023: Prime Minister's Prize for Science 2023: Erna Hamburger Prize 2026: Promoted to Companion of the Order of Australia in the 2026
Michelle_Simmons
Little Erna (German: Klein Erna) is the butt of Little Erna jokes popular in Hamburg. This fictional character derives from a real person, Erna Nissen
Little_Erna
Australian scientist
and an Honorary Fellow of Engineers Australia. O'Kane won the 2017 Erna Hamburger Prize. The Prize is awarded by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
Mary_O'Kane
German biologist (born 1967)
Environment Prize (German Environment Foundation) Boetius also won the Erna Hamburger Prize in 2019. Boetius received her biology degree from the University
Antje_Boetius
Swiss academic, international expert in cybersecurity and cyber defence
Solange Ghernaouti was also president of various associations such as the Erna Hamburger Foundation from 2012 to 2017 as well as the Social Commission of the
Solange_Ghernaouti
Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist (born 1963)
in Physiology or Medicine (with Edvard Moser and John O'Keefe) 2016: Erna Hamburger Prize, EPFL, WISH Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland 2018: Grand Cross
May-Britt_Moser
Swiss physicist (1898-1947)
member of the Club of Rome), Gustav Guanella, Werner Lindecker and Erna Hamburger, who became famous on their own. Fritz Fischer was one of the important
Fritz_Fischer_(physicist)
Conference for women engineers and scientists
Architecture), and supported by the late Dr. Emma Strada. Attendees included Erna Hamburger, Letitia Obeng, Nicole Becarud, Deborah Ajakaiye, Ebun Oni (née Adegbohungbe)
International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
International_Conference_of_Women_Engineers_and_Scientists
Austrian physicist
for Science and Art, First Class’ of the Republic of Austria 2012: Erna Hamburger Prize of the EPFL-WISH foundation (CH) 2013: Elected Member of the Executive
Felicitas_Pauss
German soprano (1904–1969)
Braunfels / 2 boxes of 5 CDs, published by the Hamburger Archiv für Gesangskunst: Beethoven: Fidelio with Erna Schlüter (Leonore), Lisa Della Casa, Julius
Erna_Schlüter
German armorer worker
Erna Gertrude Wazinski (born September 7, 1925, in Ihlow (Oberbarnim); died November 23, 1944, in Wolfenbüttel) was a German armorer worker. She was denounced
Erna_Wazinski
German activist and politician (1892 - 1983)
most Hamburgers, and the Hamburg Parliament ("Hamburgische Bürgerschaft;") soon recovered a level of control of city administration. In 1920 Erna Halbe
Erna_Lang
German publisher (1912–1985)
occupation authorities a license to run a newspaper. His first daily was the Hamburger Abendblatt. Competing in Hamburg with the five other dailies, Springer
Axel_Springer
German businessman
his parents Karabet Tchilinghiryan (21 July 1869 – 12 November 1927) and Erna Tchilinghiryan, née Petersen (18 May 1887 – 12 July 1959). Tchibo is 100%
Carl_Tchilinghiryan
Space primarily used for preparation and storage of food
the 1920s by architects in Germany and Austria, most notably Bruno Taut, Erna Meyer, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky and Benita Otte, who designed the first
Kitchen
German dish
can also contain onions. In Hamburg, the corresponding dish is called Hamburger National und can contain beef or chicken in addition to bacon and belly
Steckrübeneintopf
German anti-Nazi resistance activist (1919–2023)
youngest of three sisters. Together with Heinz Kucharski, Lafrenz studied under Erna Stahl [de] at the Lichtwarkschule [de], a liberal arts school in Hamburg
Traute_Lafrenz
hanging in the first Stuffhof trial, which took place Gdańsk, Poland in 1946. Erna Beilhardt had been the only woman to not receive a death sentence, having
Female guards in Nazi concentration camps
Female_guards_in_Nazi_concentration_camps
German music award
Frank Wohlfahrt 1970: Erna Berger 1973: Wolfgang Sawallisch, Rolf Liebermann, Emil Gilels 1976: Monteverdi-Chor Hamburg 1982: Hamburger Symphoniker 1983:
Johannes_Brahms_Medal
as a mayor in the U.S. William E. Donovan, MLB pitcher and manager Sully Erna, Godsmack lead singer Aaron Feuerstein, one of the CEOs of Malden Mills;
List of people from Lawrence, Massachusetts
List_of_people_from_Lawrence,_Massachusetts
German resistance member
in autumn of 1942. The commission's findings related to the activities of Erna Eifler and Wilhelm Fellendorf swept up Abshagen on 19 October 1942. He was
Robert_Abshagen
Fleming Fazzin 1924–1995 American actor and television host Joy Fleming Erna Raad 1944–2017 German singer Rhonda Fleming Marilyn Louis 1923–2020 American
List_of_stage_names
White Rose Activist in Nazi Germany
In 1923 he opened (with his colleague Erna Kracht, who stayed there until 1932) his own store, the "Hamburger Bücherstube", in the Collonaden 104. Although
Felix_Jud
wirbt für Olaf Scholz Archived 14 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine Hamburger Abendblatt. Sueddeutsche.de: Eine Kandidatin zu viel (german) Horst Andresen
Candidates of the 2021 German federal election
Candidates_of_the_2021_German_federal_election
Street in Berlin, Germany
northern city centre: the Stettiner Bahnhof (today Nordbahnhof), the Hamburger Bahnhof and the Lehrter Bahnhof, the present-day Berlin Hauptbahnhof.
Invalidenstraße
Israeli Bernard Stevens 1916 1983 British Irwin Swack 1916 2006 American Erna Tauro 1916 1993 Finnish-Swedish Guido Turchi 1916 2010 Italian Arnold van
List of 20th-century classical composers
List_of_20th-century_classical_composers
German writer and journalist (1869–1943)
became cultural editor for Schwarz-Rot in 1894, editor-in-chief at the Hamburger Neueste Nachrichten in 1897 and was head of the culture section of the
Rudolf_Herzog
Americans of German birth or descent
German Singing Societies", West Virginia History 1980–1981 42(1–2): 1–56 Erna Ottl Gwinn, "The Liederkranz in Louisville, 1848–1877", Filson Club History
German_Americans
Leader of East Germany, 1971–1989
September 2013. "Der Mann, der Erich Honecker damals Asyl gab" (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt. 30 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2 February
Erich_Honecker
People from Germany who have attained or surpassed the age of 110 years
2024. "Sie starb mit 113 Jahren: Erna Brosig war die älteste Hannoveranerin aller Zeiten" [She died at the age of 113: Erna Brosig was the oldest Hanoverian
List of German supercentenarians
List_of_German_supercentenarians
Dish of a flour tortilla wrapped to enclose a filling
collection of regional recipes from New Mexico that was written by historian Erna Fergusson. In 1956, a frozen burrito was developed in Southern California
Burrito
Intelligence service of the Communist Party of Germany
murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck Walter Caro [de], chemist, associate of Erna Eifler Gertrud Classen, party functionary, associate of Apparatus agents
Antimilitärischer_Apparat
1963 speech by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in West Berlin
German cities with names connected with food, introducing himself as a "hamburger" and a "frankfurter". The jelly doughnut myth was largely unknown to Germans
Ich_bin_ein_Berliner
American physicist (1908–1991)
accomplishments at the university. He would always ask his guests if they liked the hamburger bun toasted (since he liked his that way). He enjoyed playing golf and
John_Bardeen
824f6f9b48b2fcff6b7c85 "Die Hamburger Krankheit". Deutsches Filmhaus (in German). Retrieved 19 August 2021. "Die Hamburger Krankheit". Filmfest Hamburg
List of German films of the 1970s
List_of_German_films_of_the_1970s
Icelandic politician (born 1949)
of Tommi's Burger Joint restaurant chain. He previously ran a chain of hamburger places under the name Tommaborgarar, one of the first fast food chains
Tómas_A._Tómasson
Lorent (1920–1944), Ehrenfeld Group Ludwig Philipp Lude [de] (1895–1961), SPD Erna Lugebiel [de] (1898–1984) Rudolf Lunau [de] (1906–1943 missing), KPD Johann
List of Germans who resisted Nazism
List_of_Germans_who_resisted_Nazism
Twelfth meeting of the Group of Twenty
National Infrastructure Investment platform as he met Norway's Prime Minister Erna Solberg, who, in a gesture symbolising renewed cooperation towards the attainment
2017_G20_Hamburg_summit
Austrian pianist and composer (1852–1924)
so Gustav never forgave the young pianist who had given him this shock." Erna Grünfeld, the daughter of Grünfeld's youngest brother, who taught the piano
Alfred_Grünfeld
First known person to die at the Berlin Wall
Ltd., ASIN B0000CMM6U. Biography at Chronik der Mauer.de (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt article "In der Tasche der Toten fand man die Adresse der Schwester"
Ida_Siekmann
German jurist, economist, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany (1901–1942)
join the Nazi Party to protect himself, and become what was known as a Hamburger (i.e. Nazi brown outside, Moscow red inside). In May 1937, Harnack joined
Arvid_Harnack
German photographer (1907–1990)
1941, her photographs – besides those of Liselotte Orgel-Köhne [de] and Erna Lendvai-Dircksen – were shown in an exhibition compiled by the Reichsfrauenführung
Rosemarie_Clausen
Reinhold Fritz, chorus members Max Heinemann, Leon Aschil, Elsa Reder and Erna Both, the dancer Suse Rosen [de], orchestra player Julius Brauer, repetiteur
Verstummte_Stimmen
German journalist and writer (1905–1945)
Bundesarchiv Military Archive [de] in Freiburg. Berndt married Elisabeth Erna Anna Krzoßa in 1928, with whom he had two daughters: Hildegund and Roswitha
Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt
World War II anti-Nazi resistance movement
espionage agents were parachuted into Germany. On 16 May 1942, Soviet agents Erna Eifler and Wilhelm Fellendorf were parachuted into East Prussia. They were
Red_Orchestra_(espionage)
German artist (1815–1905)
the Menzel pastel "Lady with a Red Blouse" was restituted to the heirs of Erna Felicia and Hans Lachmann-Mosse. Oskar Reinhart had purchased the pastel
Adolph_Menzel
Romantic comic opera by Friedrich von Flotow
the melody then appears as a leitmotif to represent Lyonel's longing. 1944 Erna Berger (Harriet), Else Tegetthoff (Nancy), Peter Anders (Lyonel), Josef Greindl
Martha_(opera)
2007 1968–1976 Frank Lucas and his heroin drug trade. Hamburger Hill 1987 1969 Battle of Hamburger Hill in the Vietnam War Apocalypse Now 1979 1969 Vietnam
List of historical films set in Near Eastern and Western civilization
List_of_historical_films_set_in_Near_Eastern_and_Western_civilization
German philologist
lecturer in Greek and Latin at the University of Heidelberg. Fehrle married Erna Küster in 1910, with whom he had two daughters and a son. Fehrle completed
Eugen_Fehrle
German-Jewish teacher and Holocaust survivor (1921–2024)
military service as a highly decorated former officer. Her mother, born Erna Rosenbaun (1893–1944), came originally from Halberstadt in central Germany
Rachel_Dror
Polish artist (1932–2022)
Eastern Europe" Cromwell Place, London, UK - among others: Alina Szapocznikow, Erna Rosenstein, Maria Anto [pl], Franciszka Themerson 2023 "Old veins, new tunnels"
Alicja_Wahl
Todesmärsche im April 1945 (Teil I)". Freies Radio Neumünster (in German). "Die Hamburger Staatspolizei 1933" (PDF). Offenes Archiv. "1946 von deutschen Polizisten
List of killings by law enforcement officers in pre-reunification Germany
List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_pre-reunification_Germany
Culinary traditions of Israel
chickpeas. The first Hebrew cookbook, How to Cook in Palestine, written by Erna Meyer and published in the early 1930s by the Palestine Federation of the
Israeli_cuisine
Church in Lower Saxony, Germany
Nolte, Quellen (1932), 88–90. Grotefend, Der Einfluß (1872), 73-88. Hamburger, Schlotheuber, Marti, Fassler, Liturgical Life (2017), 92-96. Nolte, Quellen
Lüne_Abbey
Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont Kurt Waldheim Ernst Waldschmidt Erna Wallisch Martin Walser Hertha Wambacher Otto-Wilhelm Wandesleben Felix Wankel
List_of_Nazis_(S–Z)
German actress (born 1971)
ensemble at the Munich Residenztheater, where she also played three roles as Erna, Rosa and Schürzinger in Frank Castorf's production of Kasimir und Karoline
Bibiana_Beglau
German political activist (1910–1944)
Office had already placed her name, along with one of her cover names, "Erna", on the "manhunt targets lists" ("Sonderfahndungsliste") of government opponents
Irene_Wosikowski
Icelandic interview TV show
Þórðarson - Siggi Stormur 19.02.2012 Theoóór Júlíusson Actor 26.02.2012 Þórunn Erna Clausen Actress 04.03.2012 Reynir Traustason 11.03.2012 Ari Eldjárn Comedian
Independent People (TV program)
Independent_People_(TV_program)
German resistance fighter (1905–1943)
"hamburg: Schottmüller – korrigiert" [Hamburg: Schottmüller – corrected]. Hamburger Wochenblatt (in German). WBV Wochenblatt Verlag GmbH. Archived from the
Oda_Schottmüller
Franz Crass, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau Kölner Rundfunkchor; Chor der Hamburger Musikhochschule; Städtischer Chor Hamburg; Knabenchor der Oberschule Eppendorf
Mahler Symphony No. 8 discography
Mahler_Symphony_No._8_discography
Opéra bouffe, or operetta, by Jacques Offenbach
Retrieved 21 April 2013 Jacobs, Arthur. Opera, July 1966, Vol.17 No.7, p.586. Erna Metdepenninghen. Report from Lyon. Opera, October 2019, Vol.70 No.10, p1279-80
Barbe-bleue_(opera)
German actor and singer (1891–1960)
179-227 Matthias Wegner: Hans Albers. Ellert & Richter, Hamburg 2005 (Hamburger Köpfe) ISBN 3-8319-0224-0 Berg, Anne (22 February 2022). On Screen and
Hans_Albers
German communist and resistance fighter (1902–1937)
contributor and then as a contributing editor, he began writing for the Hamburger Volkszeitung, a newspaper founded in 1918 which since 1920, had operated
Adolf_Rembte
19th Miss Universe pageant
cut it?". WalesOnline. August 30, 2006. Retrieved September 28, 2025. "Hamburger diet upsets Bonn beauty". The Orlando Sentinel. July 6, 1970. p. 9. Retrieved
Miss_Universe_1970
Participants in German resistance to Nazism
ISBN 0-89093-203-4. Ursel, Hochmuth; Meyer, Gertrud (1980). Streiflichter aus dem Hamburger Widerstand : 1933-1945 [Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance]. Bibliothek
People_of_the_Red_Orchestra
Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 17 November 1965. Retrieved 9 February 2021. "ERNA MENZEL v. ALBERT A. LIST (02/10/66)". Find a Case. Retrieved 9 July 2025
List of claims for restitution for Nazi-looted art
List_of_claims_for_restitution_for_Nazi-looted_art
German resistance fighter against the Nazi regime (1923–1942)
entzweit die Dänen" [Bestsellers about German Hatred divide the Danes]. Hamburger Morgenpost. 20 February 2007. Archived from the original on 25 December
Horst_Heilmann
30 January – Ruth Cohn, 97, German psychotherapist (b. 1912) 31 January – Erna Baumbauer, 91, German casting agent (b. 1919) 10 February – Michael Palme
2010_in_Germany
(1991–2007). Janė Narvilienė, 76, Lithuanian politician, MP (2000–2004). Erna Paris, 83, Canadian author. Frank Pietrzok, 57, German politician, member
Deaths_in_February_2022
Belgian journalist and resistance fighter (1902–1943)
OCLC 269406597. Hochmuth, Ursel; Meyer, Gertrud (1980). Streiflichter aus dem Hamburger Widerstand : 1933-1945 [Streiflichter from the Hamburg Resistance : 1933-1945]
Wilhelm_Guddorf
List of Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organisation people
illness. Died of cancer in 1947 Distributed communist materials from the National Committee for a Free Germany received from his collaborator, Erna Senkel.
People of the Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organisation
People_of_the_Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein_Organisation
Wikimedia list article
retrieved on 26 July 2017 The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: ERNA FASSEL, Yad Vashem, retrieved on 27 July 2017 The Central Database of Shoah
Stolpersteine in the Banská Bystrica Region
Stolpersteine_in_the_Banská_Bystrica_Region
Municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Henrietta Selma Landau (1882) Nathan Landau (1878) Rudolf Landau (1885) Erna Marx (1900) Heinrich Metzler (1905) Siegfried Metzler (1907) Adolf Neuberger
Fürfeld
(1985-05-18)18 May 1985 (aged 24) Djurgårdens IF Fotboll (women) 14 4FW Erna Björk Sigurðardóttir (1982-12-30)30 December 1982 (aged 26) Breiðablik (sports
UEFA_Women's_Euro_2009_squads
American music magazine
and humor: Byron Coley & Thurston Moore's Bull Tongue column, Ask Neil Hamburger (advice/comedy), and other recurring pieces. Visuals and production: strong
Arthur_(magazine)
(STC Blau-Weiß Solingen) Hans Eschweiler / Günter Ropertz (1. DBC Bonn) Erna Wüsthoff / Irmgard Ehle (Ohligser TV) Hans Riegel / Luise Stuch-Schmitz (1
German National Badminton Championships
German_National_Badminton_Championships
McIntyre, Ruth-Margret Pütz, Halina Lukomska, Mattiwilda Dobbs, Inia Te Wiata, Erna Spoorenberg, Helen Watts, Gerald English, Forbes Robinson, Hans Hotter, Robert
Musicians at the Edinburgh International Festival, 1957–1966
Musicians_at_the_Edinburgh_International_Festival,_1957–1966
German conservative socialist and resistance fighter (1890–1943)
Steinburg (Elbe) : (1860-1933)] (dissertation). Veröffentlichungen des Hamburger Arbeitskreises für Regionalgeschichte (HAR), Bd. 22. Lit Verlag. ISBN 9783825891947
Erwin_Gehrts
British royal recognitions
Head, Music Department, Queen Elizabeth High School, Hexham Miss Lesley Erna Christine Attwood, executive director, The Golf Foundation. Ralph Bacon,
1992_New_Year_Honours
ERNA HAMBURGER
ERNA HAMBURGER
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Ethna, ETNA means "kernel." Compare with another form of Etna.
Female
Hebrew
(×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name EDNA means "delight, pleasure, rejuvenation." In the apocryphal Book of Tobit, this is the name of the mother of Sarah. Compare with another form of Edna.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, German, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Swedish
Sincere; Earnest; Eagle; Serious; To Know; Battle to the Death
Female
English
 Feminine form of English Vernon, VERNA means "place of alder trees."Â
Female
Polish
Feminine form of Polish Bożydar, BOŻENA means "divine gift."
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Ornat, ORNA means "little sallow one." Compare with another form of Orna.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Úna, possibly EUNA means "famine, hunger."
Male
Hebrew
(עֵרָן) Hebrew name ERAN means "awake; vigilant," i.e. "watcher." In the bible, this is the name of the eldest son of Ephraim.
Female
Hebrew
(×Ö¶×ªÖ°× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name ETNA means "hire" or "for hire." Compare with another form of Etna.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of German Ernust, ERNÖ means "battle (to the death), serious business."
Girl/Female
English American German Latin
Eagle.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eithne, ENA means "kernel."
Male
English
Short form of English Ernest, ERN means "battle (to the death), serious business."
Male
Egyptian
, a royal scribe.
Female
English
(Hebrew ×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸×”): Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eithne, EDNA means "kernel." Hebrew name meaning "delight, pleasure, rejuvenation." In the apocryphal Book of Tobit, this is the name of the mother of Sarah.Â
Female
English
Variant spelling of German Irma, ERMA means "entire, whole."
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of German Ernust, ERNO means "battle (to the death), serious business."
Female
Turkish
Turkish name BERNA means "young."
Female
Hebrew
(×Ö¸×¨Ö°× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name ORNA means "let there be light" or "pine tree." Compare with another form of Orna.
Female
German
 Feminine form of German Ernust, ERNA means "battle (to the death), serious business." Compare with another form of Erna.
ERNA HAMBURGER
ERNA HAMBURGER
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Defender
Boy/Male
Hindu
One who has four arms, Lord Ganesh
Male
Egyptian
, a son of Rameses II.
Girl/Female
Slavic
Hope.
Female
Scandinavian
Short form of Scandinavian Elisabet, LISBET means "God is my oath."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lotus
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sandal tree
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Happy
Biblical
pearl; precious stone; the face
ERNA HAMBURGER
ERNA HAMBURGER
ERNA HAMBURGER
ERNA HAMBURGER
ERNA HAMBURGER
a.
Designating, or applied to the Era of man; as, the psychozoic era.
n.
A relic of the Paleolithic era.
a.
Consisting of, containing, or resembling, fire; as, the fiery gulf of Etna; a fiery appearance.
v. i.
To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn. [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of Shakespeare.]
n.
A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla).
a.
Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone.
n.
Alt. of Erne
n.
A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a succession of years dating from some important event; as, the era of Alexander; the era of Christ, or the Christian era (see under Christian).
a.
Relating to Dionysius, a monk of the 6th century; as, the Dionysian, or Christian, era.
n.
The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the Chart of Geology.
n.
The Tertiary era, period, or formation.
n.
See Ern, n.
n.
A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of years is reckoned.
n.
Alt. of Arnee
n.
A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal stage of history; an epoch.
n.
A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is furnished by a spirit lamp.
a.
Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.
pl.
of Era