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Study of inscriptions
Epigraphy (from Ancient Greek ἐπιγραφή (epigraphḗ) 'inscription') is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying
Epigraphy
Study of ancient Sanskrit inscriptions
Sanskrit epigraphy, the study of ancient inscriptions in Sanskrit, offers insight into the linguistic, cultural, and historical evolution of South Asia
Sanskrit_epigraphy
systems in the Mediterranean. Florence: Laboratory of History, Archaeology, Epigraphy and Traditions from Antiquity (SAET), Scuola Normale Superiore. 2008.
History_of_the_alphabet
Indian agency responsible for archaeological studies and preservation
Hultzsch in 1925. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy The first volume of the Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy was brought out by the epigraphist -E. Hultzsch
Archaeological Survey of India
Archaeological_Survey_of_India
History of South Asian writing systems
The earliest deciphered epigraphy found in the Indian subcontinent that are accepted by scholarly consensus are the Edicts of Ashoka of the 3rd century
Early_Indian_epigraphy
Historical abugida script for Tamil
evidence of writing in southeast Asia. Tamil inscriptions Early Indian epigraphy Anaikoddai seal Vatteluttu Tolkāppiyam Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew
Tamil-Brahmi
Epigraphy museum in Tripoli, Libya
The Epigraphy Museum of Tripoli is a museum located in Tripoli, Libya. Architecture portal History portal Libya portal List of museums in Libya [unreliable
Epigraphy_Museum_of_Tripoli
Number
This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. 0 (zero, /ˈziː.roʊ/) is
0
Inscription that includes the same text in two or more languages
In epigraphy, a multilingual inscription is an inscription that includes the same text in two or more languages. A bilingual is an inscription that includes
Multilingual_inscription
The Greek-language inscriptions and epigraphy are a major source for understanding of the society, language and history of ancient Greece and other Greek-speaking
Greek_inscriptions
Indian epigraphist (1930–2018)
decipherment of Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions and for his expertise on the epigraphy of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Iravatham Mahadevan was born on 2 October
Iravatham_Mahadevan
American etymologist and folklorist
euphemistically instead. Read's first extended work, Lexical Evidence from Folk Epigraphy in Western North America: A Glossarial Study of the Low Element in the
Allen_Walker_Read
Journal
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy or AAE is a scholarly journal for articles relating to the archaeology of the Arabian Peninsula. In recent years, the
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
Arabian_Archaeology_and_Epigraphy
Corpus of historical carved writings of Khmer origin
Khmer civilization. The study of Khmer inscriptions is known as Khmer epigraphy. Khmer inscriptions are the only local written sources for the study of
Khmer_inscriptions
Group of Indo-European peoples
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Iranian_peoples
mentions the god Kesavasvami and the village Chodavaram. Early Indian epigraphy Kakatiya Dynasty Reddi Kingdom Reddy Rajus "Inscription No. 245: Bekkallu
Early_Telugu_epigraphy
Collection of indo-European peoples sharing Celtic languages and cultural practices
(28 February 2019), "Method and methods", Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford University Press, pp. 1–24, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.003
Celts
Imperial Roman coinage from 235 to 253 A.D
"Epigraphik Datenbank" [Epigraphy database]. db.edcs.eu (in German). Retrieved 2025-01-08. "Epigraphik Datenbank" [Epigraphy database]. db.edcs.eu (in
Coinage from Maximinus Thrax to Aemilianus
Coinage_from_Maximinus_Thrax_to_Aemilianus
Thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
Machine). Gordon, Arthur E. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. University of California Press. pp. 45. ISBN 9780520038981. Retrieved
M
British historian of the Roman Empire (born 1970)
Alison E. Cooley is a British classicist specialising in Latin epigraphy. She is a professor at the University of Warwick, former head of its Department
Alison_E._Cooley
Ruler of the Turk Shahis (r. c. 775–785)
TOKHARISTAN YABGHUS TURK SHAHIS ABBASID CALIPHATE WESTERN TURKS CHALUKYAS GUJARA- PRATIHARA Khingala, also transliterated Khinkhil, Khinjil or Khinjal
Khingala
Island country in Southeast Asia
11 November 2010. Fagao Zhou (1986). Papers in Chinese Linguistics and Epigraphy. Chinese University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-962-201-317-9. Retrieved 31
Singapore
German archaeologist (born 1955)
Arnulf (November 2006). "Archaeology and epigraphy at Tayma (Saudi Arabia)". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 17 (2): 163–176. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0471
Ricardo_Eichmann
Ancient Anatolian people of Kussara
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Hittites
Indo-European people in Ancient Southeast Europe
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Dacians
Place in Karnataka, India
known as Kishkindha in the Ramayana age. Hampi is mentioned in Ashokan epigraphy and texts such as the Ramayana and the Puranas of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi
Hampi_(town)
Ninth letter of the Latin alphabet
December 2014. Gordon, Arthur E. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. University of California Press. pp. 44. ISBN 9780520038981. Retrieved
I
Branch of the Indo-European language family
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Italic_languages
Former mosque, now monument, in Delhi, India
The Begumpur Mosque or Begumpur Masjid, also known as the Jam'i Masjid of Jahanpanah, is a former Friday mosque, now in partial ruins, located in an urban
Begumpur_Mosque
Script used to write the Greek language
continuous text in modern and ancient Greek, and even many archaic forms for epigraphy. With the use of combining characters, Unicode also supports Greek philology
Greek_alphabet
professor of Greek history and Epigraphy at the Collège de France, and author of many volumes and articles on Greek epigraphy (from the archaic period to
Louis_Robert_(historian)
Language family native to Eurasia
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Indo-European_languages
Archaeological site in Greece
Malia (also Mallia) is a Minoan and Mycenaean archaeological site located on the northern coast of Crete in the Heraklion area. It is about 35 kilometers
Malia_(archaeological_site)
Historical Side in Bhagalpur, India
Champapuri, Champa Nagri or Champanagar is a neighbourhood in Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the site of the ancient city of Champa, the
Champapuri
Group of Eastern Iranic languages
in Ancient Eastern Cuneiform Texts]. Вопросы эпиграфики [Questions of Epigraphy]. 9: 74–96. Retrieved 1 May 2023. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993)
Scythian_languages
Hindu calendar
calendar era in use became popular as Vikram Samvat); Buddhist and Jain epigraphy continued to use an era based on the Buddha or the Mahavira. According
Vikram_Samvat
Ancient Greek epigraphy style
The stoichedon style of epigraphy (from στοιχηδόν, a Greek adverb meaning "in a row") was the practice of engraving ancient Greek inscriptions in capitals
Stoichedon
Island country in South Asia
Bell, The Máldive Islands. Monograph on the History, Archæology, and Epigraphy with W. L. De Silva, Colombo 1940 Paul, Ludwig (2003). Persian Origins:
Maldives
Belief in a single god in Arabia before Islam
Paleo-Arabic inscription on a route north of Ṭāʾif". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 33 (1): 202–215. doi:10.1111/aae.12203. hdl:11370/4a2cc276-3286-4464-a1ce-a16532599fd8
Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
Monotheism_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
List of Tamil archaeological artefacts and epigraphs
Nadu Chronology of Tamil history Tamil Heritage Foundation Early Indian epigraphy Tamil inscriptions in Sri Lanka Tamil inscriptions of Bengaluru Staff
Tamil_inscriptions
Bengali Hindu predominantly agrarian caste
Inscriptions of Gopåla II, Year 4 -PRAJÑÅDHARA ESSAYS ON ASIAN ART, HISTORY, EPIGRAPHY AND CULTURE. New Delhi: Kaveri Books. p. 322. Furui, Ryosuke (2 July 2019)
Mahishya
Stoic philosopher, Roman emperor from 161 to 180
Christer Bruun, J. C. Edmondson (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0195336467. HA Verus iv.2,
Marcus_Aurelius
Ancient Western Balkanic tribes
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Illyrians
Ancient Indo-European-speaking people of Anatolia
Bartomeu; Adiego, Ignacio-Xavier (eds.). Steps into Phrygian: language and epigraphy. Series Anatolica et Indogermanica 3. Vol. Barcino Monographica Orientalia
Phrygians
Iambadoule is a Thracian goddess, epigraphically testified together with the Thracian god Zberthourdos (Sbelsurdos). The deity is attested in an inscription
Iambadoule
Indic script used in the South Asia
inscription on Jayadaman's coins (pp. 33–34). Salomon, Richard (2014). Indian Epigraphy. Oxford University Press. pp. 40–42. ISBN 978-0195356663. Holender, Daniel
Devanagari
Celtic and Gaulish god
Vellaunus is a Celtic god known from two inscriptions. He was equated to the Roman god Mercury. The deity Vellaunus is known from two inscriptions. The
Vellaunus
Geographic region where the proto-Indo-European language originated
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Proto-Indo-European_homeland
Guidelines were originally proposed as a recommendation for Greek and Latin epigraphy in 2000 by scholars at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill:
EpiDoc
Ancient or modern magic performed with runes or runestones
There is some evidence[citation needed] that, in addition to being a writing system, runes historically served purposes of magic. This is the case from
Runic_magic
Ancient Celtic deity
In ancient Celtic religion, Maponos or Maponus ("Great Son") is a god of youth known mainly in northern Britain but also in Gaul. In Roman Britain, he
Maponos
British Egyptologist and artist
(aged 89) Bushey, England Education University College London Known for Epigraphy, illustrations of Egyptian villages Notable work Recording the Temple
Myrtle_Broome
1898 handbook of Northwest Semitic inscriptions by Mark Lidzbarski
Epigraphik, nebst ausgewählten Inschriften (“Handbook of North-Semitic Epigraphy, together with selected inscriptions”) is a two-volume reference work
Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epigraphik
Handbuch_der_Nordsemitischen_Epigraphik
Dravidian language
and Literature" (PDF). pp. 65, 67, 68. D. C. Sircar (1996). Indian Epigraphy. Epigraphy, Palaeography, Numismatics Series. Vol. 10. Motilal Banarsidass Publ
Telugu_language
Epigraphy of Abkhazia comprises all the epigraphic monuments (inscriptions written on hard material) inside Abkhazia, Georgia. They are all in Georgian
Epigraphy_of_Abkhazia
Ancient Greek dialect or Hellenic language
summarizes some features generally identified through ancient texts and epigraphy: Occasional development of voiced aspirates (*bʰ, *dʰ, *gʰ) into voiced
Ancient_Macedonian_language
English runologist and numismatist
Daniel Henry Haigh (7 August 1819 — 10 May 1879) was a noted Victorian scholar of Anglo-Saxon history and literature, as well as a runologist and numismatist
Daniel_Henry_Haigh
Hindu calendar era
Varāhamihira and Brahmagupta, and by the 7th century also appears in epigraphy in Hindu Southeast Asia. The calendar era remained in use in India and
Shaka_era
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
List_of_Roman_tribes
Script system used to write Sanskrit
Telugu-Kannada alphabet Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. p. 32. "Epigraphy, Indian Epigraphy Richard Salmon OUP" – via Internet Archive. Handbook
Gupta_script
Building in EUR, Rome
claiming the superior qualities he attributed to the Italian race. The epigraphy for the building was originally planned to be excerpts from Augustus's
Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana
Palazzo_della_Civiltà_Italiana
Term to refer to a letter's shape
is a term used especially in typography, palaeography, calligraphy and epigraphy to mean a letter's shape. A letterform is a type of glyph, which is a
Letterform
Migrations out of the Proto-Indo-European homeland
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Indo-European_migrations
Archaic letter of the Greek alphabet
usually descending below the baseline. This character is used in Greek epigraphy to transcribe the text of ancient inscriptions that contain "Ϝ", and in
Digamma
New Zealand zoologist (1917–1994)
urchins, Fell is best known for his pseudoarchaeological work in New World epigraphy, arguing that various inscriptions in the Americas are best explained
Barry_Fell
Chinese epigrapher, poet, and politician
has long been hailed as an important work in the development of Chinese epigraphy since its publication. Zhao Mingcheng was born in Zhucheng, Shandong,
Zhao_Mingcheng
Research department in India
administration positions and 89 technical positions covering regional, epigraphy, conservation, excavation, and publication. The Commissioner of Archaeology
Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology
Tamil_Nadu_State_Department_of_Archaeology
Archaeological culture
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Single_Grave_culture
Progenitor of Old Norse
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Proto-Norse_language
Hindu god and brother of Krishna
Balarama (Sanskrit: बलराम, IAST: Balarāma) is a Hindu god, and the elder brother of Krishna. He is particularly significant in the Jagannath tradition
Balarama
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Proto-Indo-European_language
Coinage of Suessa, Italy
The coinage of Suessa concerns coins minted in Suessa, a city in ancient Campania (today's Sessa Aurunca) inhabited by the Aurunci, an ancient Italic population
Coinage_of_Suessa
Painting, calligraphy and epigraphy Institute of Chinese Painting Institute of Chinese Calligraphy Centre for Epigraphic Studies Chinese Studies and music
Wulin_Academy_of_Arts
Script variant for Old Arabic
on the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 11: 28–79. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0471.2000.aae110106.x. Østerled Brusgaard
Safaitic
British historian and archaeologist
Kingdom of Mysore and is eulogized as Shasanapitamaha (transl. Grandsire of Epigraphy) or Purathathva Pitamaha (transl. Grandsire of Archaeology) Rice's researches
B._Lewis_Rice
Celtic goddess of law and justice
In ancient Celtic religion, Sulevia was a goddess worshipped in Gaul, Britain, and Gallaecia, very often in the plural forms Suleviae or (dative) Sule(v)is
Suleviae
Ancient Indo-Aryan language of South Asia, mainly Indian subcontinent
Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support. Sanskrit epigraphy, the study of ancient inscriptions in Sanskrit, offers insight into the
Sanskrit
Group of runestones
MacLeod, Mindy (2002). Bind-Runes: An Investigation of Ligatures in Runic Epigraphy. Uppsala Universitet. ISBN 91-506-1534-3. Naumann, Hans-Peter (1994).
England_runestones
Letter of the Latin alphabet
ꟶ) was a letter used in Latin inscriptions from Roman Gaul. In French epigraphy works, it is called H dimidiée, "halved H". It is derived from the right
Reversed_half_H
Indian archaeologist (1919–1988)
France (1962), Runija (1980). An expert in the field of numismatics and epigraphy Wakankar collected and studied about 5500 coins ranging from 5th Century
V._S._Wakankar
European archaeological culture, 2800–1800 BC
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Bell_Beaker_culture
Extinct Indo-European language in Asia
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Tocharian_B
Roman-period column
February 10, 2026. "Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby" [Clauss/Slaby Epigraphy Database] (in French). Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. La
Votive_Column_of_Lisieux
Rune of the Elder Futhark alphabet
of masculine nouns, the rune occurs comparatively frequently in early epigraphy. Because this specific phoneme was lost at an early time, the Elder Futhark
Algiz
American epigraphist and historian of Arabic
a Companion of Muhammad?”Journal of Near Eastern Studies (2024) "The Epigraphy of the Tribe of ʿĀd" Brill, Journal of Ancient Arabia (2025) Christian
Ahmad_Al-Jallad
began to take notice of it, and a further proto-literate period of ogham epigraphy, before the early historical period began in the 5th century. Attempts
Protohistory_of_Ireland
View that the Indo-Aryans are indigenous to India
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Indigenous_Aryanism
Archaeological research institute in India
imparting advanced training in multidisciplinary field of Archaeology, Epigraphy, Numismatics, Museology, Conservation, Antiquarian law, etc. The Institute
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Institute of Archaeology
Pandit_Deendayal_Upadhyaya_Institute_of_Archaeology
Ancient settlement of the Sintashta culture
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Arkaim
Subfamily of Indo-European languages
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Slavic_languages
German indologist and epigraphist
Hultzsch joined the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in 1886 when the epigraphy section of the ASI was formed and was the ASI's first chief epigraphist
E._Hultzsch
Postulated prehistoric ethnolinguistic group
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Proto-Indo-Europeans
Large partially preserved early medieval Eastern Orthodox church in Bulgaria
vast majority bearing some kind of Christian symbolism. As a whole, the epigraphy of the Round Church dates from the 10th century, and three alphabets are
Round_Church,_Preslav
Twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet
24, 2021. Gordon, Arthur E. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. University of California Press. pp. 44. ISBN 9780520038981. Retrieved
L
Fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
2022-05-20. Gordon, Arthur E. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. University of California Press. pp. 44. ISBN 9780520038981. Retrieved
D
Symbols for marking text from manuscripts
variations in the use of the conventions between epigraphy and papyrology (and even between Greek and Latin epigraphy). More recently, scholars have published
Leiden_Conventions
Warfare of the Mesoamerican civilization
fortifications surrounding the city. Archaeological remains, along with epigraphy and iconography at the site reveal an expansion of power and military
Maya_warfare
Physical impression
Estampage or stamping, is a term commonly used in epigraphy to obtain the exact replica of an inscription that cannot be transported. According to Jayanti
Estampage
Celtic deity
Lucan's epic Pharsalia (wherein Teutates is mentioned by name). However, in epigraphy Teutates is equated with the Roman god Mars rather than Mercury. Elias
Lugus
Ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands
Avesta Homer Behistun Greek epigraphy Phrygian epigraphy Messapic epigraphy Latin epigraphy Gaulish epigraphy Runic epigraphy Ogham Gothic Bible Bible translations
Armenians
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
Girl/Female
Greek French
Violet flower.
Girl/Female
Spanish Basque
Grace.
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Svafar.
Male
Norse
Old Norse Viking name composed of the elements anu "ancestor; forefather," and undr "to prevail; triumph," hence "triumph of the ancestors." This was the name of a legendary king of the House of Yngling.
Boy/Male
English
Lives at the ash tree pool.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Risley in Derbyshire and Lancashire or Riseley in Bedfordshire and Berkshire, all so named from Old English hrīs ‘brushwood’ + lēah ‘clearing’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Friendship, Closeness
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Beloved
Boy/Male
Tamil
Souhrid | ஸோஉஂஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Another Name for God; One who Brings Together
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
n.
The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving inscriptions or of deciphering them.
a.
Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; as, an epigraphic style; epigraphical works or studies.
n.
A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy.