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Linguistic model for phonological analysis
delimiters. Optimality theory (frequently abbreviated OT) is a linguistic model proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the optimal satisfaction
Optimality_theory
Book by John McCarthy
Doing Optimality Theory: Applying Theory to Data is a 2008 book by John McCarthy in which the author provides a practical introduction to optimality theory
Doing_Optimality_Theory
Mathematical way of attaining a desired output from a dynamic system
certain optimality criterion is achieved. A control problem includes a cost functional that is a function of state and control variables. An optimal control
Optimal_control
Research tradition in linguistics
as government and binding theory and the minimalist program. Other present-day generative models include optimality theory, categorial grammar, and tree-adjoining
Generative_grammar
Experimental design that is optimal with respect to some statistical criterion
experiments. Since the optimality criterion of most optimal designs is based on some function of the information matrix, the 'optimality' of a given design
Optimal_experimental_design
Book by John McCarthy
to optimality theory, followed later with the practical guide Doing Optimality Theory by the same author. The book was reviewed by David Odden, Chiara
A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory
A_Thematic_Guide_to_Optimality_Theory
Social psychological theory
deviations from optimality. Individuals will seek out and maintain group memberships that allow this equilibrium to be operated at an optimal level, which
Optimal distinctiveness theory
Optimal_distinctiveness_theory
American linguist
and Morphology, Routledge 2018 Doing Optimality Theory: Applying Theory to Data, Wiley-Blackwell 2008 Optimality Theory in Phonology: A Reader (ed.), Wiley-Blackwell
John_McCarthy_(linguist)
Necessary condition for optimality associated with dynamic programming
simpler subproblems, as Bellman's "principle of optimality" prescribes. It is a necessary condition for optimality. The "value" of a decision problem at a certain
Bellman_equation
Variables Control
valve. Unlike the state variable, it does not have a predetermined equation of motion. The goal of optimal control theory is to find some sequence of controls
Control (optimal control theory)
Control_(optimal_control_theory)
Theory of the biological component of the language faculty
doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199549368.013.0023. McCarthy, John (1992). Doing optimality theory. Wiley. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-1-4051-5136-8. Hauser, Marc; Chomsky
Universal_grammar
Behavioral ecology model
achieve this goal. OFT is an ecological application of the optimality model. This theory assumes that the most economically advantageous foraging pattern
Optimal_foraging_theory
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
market does not require local nonsatiation to get to a weak Pareto optimum. Constrained Pareto efficiency is a weakening of Pareto optimality, accounting
Pareto_efficiency
Optimality condition in optimal control theory
sufficient conditions for optimality of a control with respect to a loss function. Its solution is the value function of the optimal control problem which
Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation
Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman_equation
Branch of economics studying next-best alternatives
In welfare economics, the theory of the second best concerns the situation when one or more optimality conditions cannot be satisfied. The economists Richard
Theory_of_the_second_best
of adaptations. The approach based on optimality models in biology is sometimes called optimality theory. Optimal behavior is defined as an action that
Optimality_model
Design and implementation of tax policy maximizing social welfare
their theory differs from other literature in this topic. First, it deals with quasi-optimal pricing, looking at four options for Pareto optimality with
Optimal_tax
Geographical region which efficiently shares a single currency
The underlying theory describes the optimal characteristics for the merger of currencies or the creation of a new currency. The theory is used often to
Optimum_currency_area
Function used in optimal control theory
from—the Hamiltonian of classical mechanics, the Hamiltonian of optimal control theory was developed by Lev Pontryagin as part of his maximum principle
Hamiltonian_(control_theory)
Mathematical formalism for artificial general intelligence
Pareto optimality is subjective and that any policy can be considered Pareto optimal, which they describe as undermining all previous optimality claims
AIXI
Branch of applied probability theory
Normative decision theory is concerned with identification of optimal decisions where optimality is often determined by considering an ideal decision maker
Decision_theory
Theory published by Mancur Olson in 1965
the small. An optimum can only be reached, if the marginal costs are equally high as the marginal gain. There cannot be an over-optimality as in that case
Collective_action_theory
Mathematical problem involving optimal stopping theory
scenario involving optimal stopping theory that is studied extensively in the fields of applied probability, statistics, and decision theory. It is also known
Secretary_problem
Class of mathematical problems
In mathematics, the theory of optimal stopping or early stopping is concerned with the problem of choosing a time to take a particular action, in order
Optimal_stopping
Measure of value difference between best possible decision and made decision
been the optimal decision in hindsight. Unlike traditional models that consider regret as merely a post-decision emotional response, the theory of regret
Regret_(decision_theory)
the theory of matching markets, an optimal stable matching is a matching that, among all stable matchings, satisfies some criterion of optimality. In
Optimal_stable_matching
Mix of funds used to start and sustain a business
Ani L. & Barry, Peter J., 2004. "Testing The Pecking Order Theory And The Signaling Theory For Farm Businesses," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1–4, Denver
Capital_structure
View of decision-making in organizations
A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions
Contingency_theory
Principle in optimal control theory for best way to change state in a dynamical system
Bellman's principle of optimality, a related approach to optimal control problems which states that the optimal trajectory remains optimal at intermediate points
Pontryagin's maximum principle
Pontryagin's_maximum_principle
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
Schachspiels (On an Application of Set Theory to the Theory of the Game of Chess), which proved that the optimal chess strategy is strictly determined
Game_theory
Theories of human motivation
Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan
Theory_X_and_Theory_Y
Brunswick. She is known for her contributions to the areas of syntax, optimality theory, language acquisition, and lexical representation. Grimshaw received
Jane_Grimshaw
Branch of engineering and mathematics
level of control stability; often with the aim to achieve a degree of optimality. To do this, a controller with the requisite corrective behavior is required
Control_theory
Technique to compress data
In computer science and information theory, a Huffman code is a particular type of optimal prefix code that is commonly used for lossless data compression
Huffman_coding
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
sufficient to establish at least local optimality. The envelope theorem describes how the value of an optimal solution changes when an underlying parameter
Mathematical_optimization
Field of machine learning
"current" [on-policy] or the optimal [off-policy] one). These methods rely on the theory of Markov decision processes, where optimality is defined in a sense
Reinforcement_learning
sort of social optimality. The theory of this is called implementation theory. Osbourne, Martin (2000-11-05). An Introduction to Game Theory (PDF). (Draft)
Outcome_(game_theory)
Theory of getting acceptably close inexact mathematical calculations
In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing
Approximation_theory
discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, mathematical logic, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Scientific study of digital information
Information theory is the mathematical study of the quantification, storage, and communication of a particular type of mathematically defined information
Information_theory
Analytical framework to study life history strategies used by organisms
genetics artificial selection demography optimality modeling mechanistic approach Malthusian parameter Life history theory has provided new perspectives in understanding
Life_history_theory
Set of marks along a ruler such that no two pairs of marks are the same distance apart
general term optimal Golomb ruler is used to refer to the second type of optimality. An optimization-based approach to find an optimal Golomb ruler of
Golomb_ruler
Concept in psychology
remains sub-optimal in EUT and PT, as people's psychological assessments of risk do not match objective assessments. Expected Utility Theory (EUT) poses
Risk_aversion_(psychology)
Aspect of economics
The theory of consumer choice is the branch of microeconomics that relates preferences to consumption expenditures and to consumer demand curves. It analyzes
Consumer_choice
Algorithm used for pathfinding and graph traversal
used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. Given a weighted graph, a source node and a goal node
A*_search_algorithm
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
philosophy for explaining theory of mind are theory-theory and simulation theory. Theory-theory claims that individuals use "theories" grounded in folk psychology
Theory_of_mind
Process of using data analysis for predicting population data from sample data
optimality property. However, loss-functions are often useful for stating optimality properties: for example, median-unbiased estimators are optimal under
Statistical_inference
Bet sizing formula for long-term growth
In probability theory, the Kelly criterion (or Kelly strategy or Kelly bet) is a formula for risk allocation with the sizing a sequence of bets by maximizing
Kelly_criterion
Problem-solving method
principles are other broad optimality laws [...] Equilibrium notions and homeostatic behavior can also be interpreted as general optimality principles, covering
Heuristic
Cognitive heuristic of searching for an acceptable decision
ISSN 0066-4308. PMID 15012463. Byron, Michael (1998). "Satisficing and Optimality". Ethics. 109 (1): 67–93. doi:10.1086/233874. S2CID 170867023. A paper
Satisficing
Full immersion in an activity
contrary to flow theory. Schaffer (2013) proposed seven flow conditions: Knowing what to do Knowing how to do it Knowing how well one is doing Knowing where
Flow_(psychology)
Mathematical framework for investment risk
Modern portfolio theory (MPT), or mean-variance analysis, is a mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets such that the expected return
Modern_portfolio_theory
Behavior of individuals and firms
This is studied in the field of collective action and public choice theory. "Optimal welfare" usually takes on a Paretian norm, which is a mathematical
Microeconomics
Economic theory
Endogenous growth theory holds that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces. Endogenous growth theory holds that investment
Endogenous_growth_theory
Relationship between stress and performance
Lynch, 1989). Other theories and models of arousal do not affirm the Hebb or Yerkes-Dodson curve. The widely supported theory of optimal flow presents a less
Yerkes–Dodson_law
Theory in microeconomics
alternatives available in the market. More precisely, search theory studies an individual's optimal strategy when choosing from a series of potential opportunities
Search_theory
Obsolete medical theory about the transmission of disease through bad air
The miasma theory (also called the miasmic theory) is an abandoned medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera, chlamydia, or plague—were caused
Miasma_theory
Psychological ethological theory
Attachment theory posits that infants need to form a close relationship with at least one primary caregiver to ensure their survival and to develop healthy
Attachment_theory
Branch of economics
Auction theory is a branch of applied economics that deals with how bidders act in auctions and researches how the features of auctions incentivise predictable
Auction_theory
Rules out assigning to arbitrary functions their computational complexity
In computational complexity theory, Blum's speedup theorem, first stated by Manuel Blum in 1967, is a fundamental theorem about the complexity of computable
Blum's_speedup_theorem
Economic theory
Perspective (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978). Resource dependence theory has implications regarding the optimal divisional structure of organizations, recruitment of
Resource_dependence_theory
Concept in economics
expected utility theory is a reliable guide to human behavior or optimal practice. The mathematical clarity of expected utility theory has helped scientists
Expected_utility_hypothesis
Complete, full information, perfectly competitive markets are Pareto efficient
of optimality: it is a point such that... in whatever direction we take an infinitely small step, P and Π [the utilities of buyer and seller] do not
Fundamental theorems of welfare economics
Fundamental_theorems_of_welfare_economics
Field of economics to evaluate well-being
are satisfied, the proposed change will move the economy toward Pareto optimality. This idea is known as Kaldor–Hicks efficiency. If the two conditions
Welfare_economics
Economic analysis of contracts
contract theory is often categorized within a field known as law and economics. One prominent application of it is the design of optimal schemes of
Contract_theory
Theory about the evolution of pathogens
Integrating across levels Interesting discussion of the complexity of optimal virulence theory `Small worlds' and the evolution of virulence: infection occurs
Optimal_virulence
pseudospectral method for optimal control based on Bellman's principle of optimality. It is part of the larger theory of pseudospectral optimal control, a term
Bellman_pseudospectral_method
Conflict of interest when one person acts on another's behalf
tastes they do not know (Ibid). The most cited reference to the theory, however, comes from Michael C. Jensen and William Meckling. The theory has come to
Principal–agent_problem
Linear optimal control technique
optimal projection equations which constitute necessary and sufficient conditions for a locally optimal reduced-order LQG controller. LQG optimality does
Linear–quadratic–Gaussian control
Linear–quadratic–Gaussian_control
Searching for wild food resources
understand foraging; many of these models are a type of optimal model. Thus foraging theory is discussed in terms of optimizing a payoff from a foraging
Foraging
Mathematical model of animal foraging behavior
The marginal value theorem (MVT) is an optimality model that usually describes the behavior of an optimally foraging individual in a system where resources
Marginal_value_theorem
Behavioral leadership model
production. The optimal leadership style in this model is based on Theory Y. The grid theory has continued to evolve and develop. The theory was updated with
Managerial_grid_model
Sociological study of social organizations
interrelated units of organization either connect or do not connect with each other. Organizational theory also concerns understanding how groups of individuals
Organizational_theory
American political controversy
States, on November 22, 1963, has spawned numerous conspiracy theories. These theories allege the involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories
John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories
Study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources
mathematics and economics, transportation theory or transport theory is a name given to the study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources
Transportation theory (mathematics)
Transportation_theory_(mathematics)
In linguistics, conformity with grammar
Bruce (2000). "Gradient well-formedness in Optimality Theory" (PDF). In Joost Dekkers (ed.). Optimality Theory: Phonology, Syntax, and Acquisition. Oxford
Well-formedness
Average uncertainty in variable's states
In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential
Entropy_(information_theory)
Cognitive hierarchy theory (CHT) is a behavioral model originating in behavioral economics and game theory that attempts to describe human thought processes
Cognitive_hierarchy_theory
Concept from linear programming
In the theory of linear programming, a basic feasible solution (BFS) is a solution with a minimal set of non-zero variables. Geometrically, each BFS corresponds
Basic_feasible_solution
American economist (1921–2017)
given a status of "Minimal Liberty" there was no way to obtain Pareto optimality, nor to avoid the problem of social choice of neutral but unequal results
Kenneth_Arrow
Standard example in game theory
In game theory, the prisoner's dilemma is a thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray
Prisoner's_dilemma
Predispositioning theory, in the field of decision theory and systems theory, is a theory focusing on the stages between a complete order and a complete
Predispositioning_theory
Indivisibilities". Journal of Economic Theory. 74 (2): 385–413. doi:10.1006/jeth.1996.2269. Trueman, Brett (Jun 1983). "Optimality of the Disclosure of Private
Exchange_economy
Study of graphs as a representation of relations between discrete objects
the theory of networks. Network problems that involve finding an optimal way of doing something are studied as combinatorial optimization. Examples include
Network_theory
Mathematical analysis of gambling
thought of as gambling theory applied to real-world events. The myriad applications for logarithmic information measures inform optimal decisions when given
Gambling and information theory
Gambling_and_information_theory
Military strategy during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons
Deterrence theory refers to the scholarship and practice of how threats of using force by one party can convince another party to refrain from initiating
Deterrence_theory
Game class in game theory
clear Pareto optimality where both players cooperate to hunt a Stag. However, due to the inherent risk of the game, such an outcome does not always come
Simultaneous_game
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
responses that terminate the CS are reinforced by fear termination. The theory does not say that the organism "avoids" the US in the sense of anticipating
Operant_conditioning
Process of reasoning backwards in sequence
this kind is called an optimal stopping problem because the issue at hand is when to stop waiting for a better offer. Search theory is a field of microeconomics
Backward_induction
Heuristic search algorithm for evaluating game trees
such, Monte Carlo tree search can be employed in games without a developed theory or in general game playing. The game tree in Monte Carlo tree search grows
Monte_Carlo_tree_search
Application of game theory to evolving populations in biology
measure of solution optimality peaks in multivariable systems. Carl Bergstrom and Michael Lachmann apply evolutionary game theory to the division of benefits
Evolutionary_game_theory
Theory of behavioral economics
theory is a theory of behavioral economics, judgment and decision making that was developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. The theory was
Prospect_theory
Area of discrete mathematics
computational linguistics. Still, other methods in phonology (e.g. optimality theory, which uses lattice graphs) and morphology (e.g. finite-state morphology
Graph_theory
the theories of optimal control and set-valued analysis. Many systems, organizations, and networks arising in biology and the social sciences do not evolve
Viability_theory
Subarea of optimal tax theory
Optimal labour income tax is a sub-area of optimal tax theory which refers to the study of designing a tax on individual labour income such that a given
Optimal_labor_income_taxation
American philosopher
España Editores, 2000. (edited with Steven Orzack) Adaptationism and Optimality, Cambridge University Press, 2001. Evidence and Evolution, Cambridge University
Elliott_Sober
Iterated game for peace and conflict studies
heedless of consequences in later iterations. "Provokable nice guy's" optimality depends on iterations. How many are necessary is likely tied to the payoff
Peace_war_game
Neuroscientific theory
Hebbian theory is a neuropsychological theory claiming that an increase in synaptic efficacy arises from a presynaptic cell's repeated and persistent
Hebbian_theory
Type of algorithm, produces approximately correct solutions
find any exact solution in a search space. This is achieved by trading optimality, completeness, accuracy, or precision for speed. In a way, it can be considered
Heuristic_(computer_science)
Field of economics and game theory
Mechanism design (sometimes implementation theory or institution design) is a branch of economics and game theory. It studies how to construct rules—called
Mechanism_design
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
Boy/Male
Korean
East.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Doing good deeds
Girl/Female
Australian, Vietnamese
Winter
Female
Romanian
Romanian name DOINA means "folk song."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Doing Virtuous Deeds
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Doing Virtuous Deeds
Girl/Female
Indian
Doing good deeds
Boy/Male
Indian
Doing Well and Good
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old Norse drengr ‘young man’, but with more than one possible interpretation. It may reflect the personal name (originally a byname) of this form, which had some currency in the most Scandinavian-influenced areas of medieval England. Alternatively it may reflect the Middle English borrowing of the vocabulary word in the sense ‘servant’, later a technical term of the feudal system of Northumbria for a free tenant who held land by military and agricultural service, sometimes paying rent as well or in commutation.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Howling, doing evil.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Dear 1.German (Döring) : see Doering.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Doing; my doing.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Doing Well; Respect
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Doing Service
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Doing; Accomplishing
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Doing; Accomplishing; Praising
Biblical
howling; doing evil
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Person Doing Good
Male
Chinese
east, eastern, or, winter.
Biblical
doing; my doing,whom Jehovah made,fabricator,Jehovah makes,
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
Girl/Female
American, British, English, German
Shining Battle-maid; Woman Warrior; Bright Battle
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jotshna | ஜோதà¯à®·à®¨à®¾
Radiant like flames, Goddess Durga, Moon light
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bracelet
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chamanlal | சமநலால
Garden
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary son of Moren.
Girl/Female
Indian
Like doll
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Amy, AMIE means "much loved."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sacred river
Girl/Female
French American
Derived from medieval male form of Matthew.
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
DOING OPTIMALITY-THEORY
a.
Doing penance.
n.
The act of going in; entrance.
n.
The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad.
n.
Anything done; a deed; an action good or bad; hence, in the plural, conduct; behavior. See Do.
a.
Doing; active.
n.
Process of doing; action. In act, in the very doing; on the point of (doing).
a.
In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; as, dying bodies.
n.
The state of being best.
a.
Going away; departing; of or pertaining to one who goes away.
n.
Creation; a doing.
a.
Going; entering, as upon an office or a possession; as, an in-going tenant.
n.
The quality or state of being primal.
n.
Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.
pl.
of Doing
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Do
n.
Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as, there is no go in him.
a.
Harmful; doing damage; pernicious.
a.
Doing nothing; shiftless.
p. pr.
Doing.
a.
Of or pertaining to dying or death; as, dying bed; dying day; dying words; also, simulating a dying state.