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Geographic range of dialects that vary more strongly at the distant ends
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually
Dialect_continuum
Romance language spoken in Spain and Portugal
language is largely uncommon among its native speakers, as it forms a dialect continuum of mutually intelligible varieties and therefore it is primarily referred
Asturleonese_language
Aboriginal language continuum
syllabics. Cree (/kriː/ KREE; also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 86,475 people across
Cree_language
between a language and a dialect is not clear-cut and simple: in many areas there is a dialect continuum, with transitional dialects and languages. Further
List of Indo-European languages
List_of_Indo-European_languages
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
(dialect continuum) Egyptian Arabic (dialect continuum) Judeo-Egyptian Arabic Saʽidi Arabic Cairene Arabic Sudanese-Chadian Arabic (dialect continuum)
Semitic_languages
Linguistic region of India
National Capital Territory of Delhi. Hindi is part of the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum that lies within the cultural Hindi Belt in the northern plains of
Hindi_Belt
the geographical spread of the High German consonant shift, and the dialect continuum that connects High German to the neighboring varieties of Low Franconian
German_dialects
South Slavic language spoken in North Macedonia
western dialects of the Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum, whose earliest recorded form is Old Church Slavonic. As it is part of a dialect continuum with
Macedonian_language
Branch of the Indo-European language family
languages descended. One particularly innovative dialect separated from the Balto-Slavic dialect continuum and became ancestral to the Proto-Slavic language
Balto-Slavic_languages
Gallo-Romance language native to Liguria, northern Italy
southwestern Sardinia. It is part of the Gallo-Italic and Western Romance dialect continuum. Although part of Gallo-Italic, it exhibits several features of the
Ligurian_language
Language family
Adyghe dialects but it has only three phonemic vowels. Its consonants and consonant clusters are less complex than the Abkhaz–Abaza dialects. Kabardian
Northwest_Caucasian_languages
Northern Kurdish dialect
affricate /t͡ʃ/ with /t͡ʃʰ/. Kurmanji forms a dialect continuum of great variability. Loosely, six dialect areas can be distinguished: Northwestern Kurmanji
Kurmanji
West Germanic language
through the Great Vowel Shift, into Modern English, which exists on a dialect continuum with Scots; it is next most closely related to Low Saxon and Frisian
English_language
Subgroup of South Slavic languages
which encompasses the southeastern part of the dialect continuum of South Slavic. Eastern South Slavic dialects share a number of characteristics that set
Eastern_South_Slavic
Variant of a language
definition has often been criticized, especially in the case of a dialect continuum (or dialect chain), which contains a sequence of varieties, where each is
Dialect
Set of theories or models
of dialects spoken over a geographical area that differ slightly between neighboring areas is known as a dialect continuum. A language continuum is a
Continuum_(measurement)
Southwestern Iranian languages of the Zagros Mountains
Iranian language, existing as a dialect continuum, spoken by the Lur people in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian
Luri_language
West Germanic language family
Franconian (including Dutch) within the continental West Germanic dialect continuum. "Low" and "high" refer to the lowland and highland geographies typically
High_German_languages
Set of varieties of a creole language
A post-creole continuum (or simply creole continuum) is a dialect continuum of varieties of a creole language between those most and least similar to
Post-creole_continuum
Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan
[səɾaːiːkiː]; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is a language of Lahnda dialect continuum within the Punjabi language variety of the Indo-Aryan language family
Saraiki_language
Language family of Eurasia
farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic
Turkic_languages
Relationships among standard and other languages
framework addresses situations in which multiple varieties from a dialect continuum have been standardized, so that they are commonly considered distinct
Abstand_and_ausbau_languages
West Germanic language
several other dialect groups, both are part of a dialect continuum that continues across the national border. The Dutch Low Saxon dialect area comprises
Dutch_language
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
similar to the Romance languages, and with few exceptions form a dialect continuum. Regardless, they are frequently referred to as a single collective
Berber_languages
Subgroup of West Slavic languages
Slovak are mutually intelligible, forming a dialect continuum (spanning the intermediate Moravian dialects) rather than being two clearly distinct languages;
Czech–Slovak_languages
Languages of the Nordic countries
languages appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia. Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are close enough to
North_Germanic_languages
Northwestern Iranian dialect continuum
certain areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Kurdish varieties constitute a dialect continuum except for Zaza, with some mutually unintelligible varieties, and
Kurdish_language
Topics referred to by the same term
up dialect in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A dialect is a variety of spoken or written language. Dialect(s) may also refer to: Dialect continuum, a
Dialect_(disambiguation)
Eastern South Slavic language
Macedo-Bulgarian), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several
Bulgarian_language
Kxʼa dialect continuum spoken in southern Africa
ǃKung /ˈkʊŋ/ KUUNG (ǃXun), also known as Ju (/ˈdʒuː/ JOO), is a dialect continuum (language complex) spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and Angola by the ǃKung
ǃKung_languages
Branch of the Romance language group
long-standing debate due to its transitional nature in the Western Romance dialect continuum. The Gardiol language has been classified by Glottolog as an independent
Occitano-Romance_languages
Vernacular Arabic spoken in Morocco
الداريجة), is the dialectal, vernacular form or forms of Arabic spoken in Morocco. It is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum and as such is mutually
Moroccan_Arabic
West Germanic language
Scottish Standard English. Many Scottish people's speech exists on a dialect continuum ranging between Broad Scots and Standard English. Given that there
Scots_language
Bantu language spoken in Zimbabwe and Mozambique
systematic study of varieties and sub-varieties of the Central Shona dialect continuum was that done by Clement Doke in 1930, so many sub-varieties are no
Shona_language
Dialect continuum consisting of Chechen and Ingush
The Vainakh (also spelled Veinakh) languages are a dialect continuum that consists of the Chechen and Ingush languages, spoken mainly in the Russian republics
Vainakh_languages
Dialects of South Slavic language
are part of the dialect continuum of South Slavic languages that joins through the transitional Torlak dialects the Macedonian dialects to the south, Bulgarian
Dialects_of_Serbo-Croatian
Direct descendants of Vulgar Latin
Most of the Romance-speaking part of Europe has traditionally been a dialect continuum, where the speech variety of a location differs only slightly from
Romance_languages
Dialect continuum of the Persian language
Sistani (Persian: سیستانی, also known as Sistuni (سیستونی) is a dialect continuum of the Persian language spoken by Sistani people in Iranian Sistan.
Sistani_dialect
Dialect continuum of Mande languages of West Africa
languages (sometimes spelt Manden, and archaically Mandingo) are a dialect continuum within the Mandé family (itself possibly within the larger Niger-Congo
Manding_languages
Closeness of linguistic varieties
understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch. In a dialect continuum, neighbouring varieties are mutually intelligible, but differences
Mutual_intelligibility
Afro-Asiatic dialect continuum
The Northern Berber languages are a dialect continuum spoken across the Maghreb, constituting a subgroup of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language
Northern_Berber_languages
Eastern variety of Persian
for the Persian spoken there. In Afghanistan, Dari refers to a modern dialect form of Persian that is the standard language used in administration, government
Dari
Indo-Aryan language of Pakistan and India
and Kashmir. It is considered part of the Lahnda (Western Punjabi) dialect continuum, and is closely related to Hindko and Pothohari. Linguists classify
Pahari_(Poonchi)
Dialect of Neo-Aramaic spoken in the city of Qaraqosh, Iraq
peripheral dialect in the dialect continuum of Neo-Aramaic stretching from Turoyo to western Iran. Khan, G. (2007). "The North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Dialects". Journal
Neo-Aramaic dialect of Qaraqosh
Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Qaraqosh
Family of Arabic dialects spoken in the Maghreb
vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. It includes the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Libyan, Hassaniya and Saharan Arabic dialects. Maghrebi
Maghrebi_Arabic
Language family
a dialect continuum. South Slavic Eastern South Slavic Bulgarian dialects Eastern Bulgarian dialects Western Bulgarian dialects Macedonian dialects Northern
South_Slavic_languages
Group of Indo-Aryan languages
form a dialect continuum that descends from the Middle Prakrits. Located in the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone includes the Dehlavi (Delhi) dialect (one of
Central_Indo-Aryan_languages
Bantu dialect continuum
is a Bantu dialect continuum spoken by the Chaga people of northern Tanzania, south of Mount Kilimanjaro. They also speak nine dialects: Kivunjo, Kimarangu
Chaga_languages
Group of languages
comparisons of consonant development in the respective dialect/language (online examples though) continuum, showing the gradually growing partake in the High
West_Germanic_languages
Romance language
historical nationality of Galicia (Spain). The two were part of a common dialect continuum during the Middle Ages, known today as Galician–Portuguese, but they
Portuguese_language
Contact language from mutually intelligible dialects of the same language
based on multiple northern Mandarin dialects, later evolving into Modern Standard Mandarin. Dialect continuum Dialect levelling Language shift Lingua franca
Koiné_language
commonly called dialetti ("dialects"). Most of the Romance varieties of Italy often labelled as "regional" form part of a continuum, with varying degrees of
Languages_of_Italy
West Germanic language
Yiddish, Afrikaans, and others. Within the West Germanic language dialect continuum, the Benrath and Uerdingen lines (running through Düsseldorf-Benrath
German_language
coherent set of linguistic criteria for distinguishing languages in a dialect continuum. There is no single criterion for how much knowledge is sufficient
List of languages by total number of speakers
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers
Language of the Tunumiit in East Greenland
Researchers vary on whether to treat Tunumiit as a dialect within a Greenlandic dialect continuum, or if its differences are sufficient to consider it
Tunumiisut
Ubangian dialect continuum of Central Africa
The Ngbandi language is a dialect continuum of the Ubangian family spoken by a half-million or so people in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Ngbandi
Ngbandi_language
Subfamily of Indo-European languages
(often seen as a dialect of Ukrainian) Ukrainian Podlachian (often seen as a dialect of Ukrainian) West Polesian (often seen as a dialect of Ukrainian) South
Slavic_languages
Dialect group
with West Low German dialects, it forms a dialect continuum of the Low German language. Before 1945, the dialect was spoken along the entire then-German-settled
East_Low_German
Dialects of the Punjabi language
The Punjabi language has a variety of dialects (bōlīyāṁ) which form a dialect continuum and are primarily subdivided into two groups: Eastern Punjabi
Punjabi_dialects
Prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language
South Slavic dialect continuum. Its name comes from the form for the interrogative pronoun for "what": što. This is in contrast to dialects that are exclusive
Shtokavian
Language family
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani, Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
Neo-Aramaic varieties
with Tyari than with Upper Barwari dialect Dooreh Hayes Neo-Aramaic has a rather slightly defined dialect continuum, starting from the Assyrians in northern
Suret_language
Celtic subfamily of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
the Brittonic languages. Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. There
Goidelic_languages
south—resulted in a north-to-south dialect continuum. Traditionally, this complex continuum is simplified into three dialects based on degree of Kipchak to
Crimean_Tatar_dialects
Historical category of northern European peoples
since a Germanic dialect continuum (where neighbouring language varieties diverged only slightly between each other, but remote dialects were not necessarily
Germanic_peoples
Oïl language spoken in eastern Brittany, France
limit of Gallo is less clearly defined, owing to the existence of a dialect continuum with neighboring Oïl languages such as Mayennais [fr], Norman, and
Gallo_language
Nuristani language
or Kamkata-vari, is a Nuristani language. It is a dialect continuum comprising three separate dialects spoken mostly in Afghanistan, with additional speakers
Katë_language
ties to the Lusophony. The Galician language used to form a common dialect continuum with Portuguese during the Middle Ages, denominated as Galician–Portuguese
Portuguese-speaking_world
Austronesian language of Madagascar
pronunciation: [malaˈɡasʲ]; Sorabe: مَلَغَسِ) is an Austronesian language and dialect continuum spoken in Madagascar. The standard variety, called Official Malagasy
Malagasy_language
Group of West Germanic languages
Instead, they believe that the Ingvaeonic languages comprised a dialect continuum which stretched along the North Sea, finally diverging into distinct
Anglo-Frisian_languages
Various Tai languages used by the Zhuang people of southern China
another dialect continuum with Central Tai varieties such as Nung, Tay and Caolan in Vietnam. Standard Zhuang is based on the Northern Zhuang dialect of Wuming
Zhuang_languages
Ancient people who inhabited Canaan's southern coast
Indo-European language that gradually synthesized with the local Canaanite dialect continuum of the Northwest Semitic languages. There is evidence to suggest that
Philistines
Cree language of eastern Canada
Canada. It is a member of the Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi dialect continuum and is spoken in various dialects, depending on the community. Since the 1980s, Innu-aimun
Innu_language
Dialect of Danish
dialect spoken on the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. It was originally part of the East Danish dialect continuum, which includes the dialects of
Bornholm_dialect
Karenic dialect continuum
Burmese: ကရင်နီ), known in Burmese as Kayah (Burmese: ကယား), is a Karen dialect continuum spoken by over half a million Kayah people (Red Karen) in Burma. The
Karenni_language
Dialect of Akan in Ghana
also known as Abron, Brong, and Bono Twi, is a dialect cluster within the Twi-Fante dialect continuum that is spoken by the Bono people. Bono is spoken
Bono_dialect
Facetious characterization of dialect
consent of a whole country and nation, it is called a language". Dialect continuum Language secessionism Abend, Gabriel (25 July 2023). Words and Distinctions
A language is a dialect with an army and navy
A_language_is_a_dialect_with_an_army_and_navy
West Germanic language
since May 2000. Low German is a part of the continental West Germanic dialect continuum. To the West, it blends into the Low Franconian languages, including
Low_German
Romance language spoken in Romagna (Italy) and San Marino
The variants of Romagnol form a dialect continuum with their neighbouring varieties, while the more distant dialects might be less mutually intelligible
Romagnol
Country within the United Kingdom
are the most widely spoken languages in the country, existing on a dialect continuum with each other. Scottish Gaelic speakers can be found all over Scotland
Scotland
Gallo-Romance language spoken primarily in Wallonia
northeastern Wisconsin, United States. It belongs to the langues d'oïl dialect continuum, the most prominent member of which is French. The historical background
Walloon_language
Model of language change
notion of a linkage, a family of languages descended from a former dialect continuum; linkages cannot be represented by trees and must be analysed by the
Wave_model
Extinct Celtic languages of Iberia
Celtic. Western Hispano-Celtic is a term that has been proposed for a dialect continuum on the western side of the Iberian Peninsula, including Gallaecian
Hispano-Celtic_languages
Language of the Saanich people of North America
the Pacific Northwest of North America. North Straits Salish is a dialect continuum, the varieties of which are closely related to the Klallam language
Saanich_dialect
Language group
dialects to the south, and North Sea Germanic languages to the north, only subsequently became smoothly connected within the same dialect continuum.
Weser–Rhine_Germanic
Dialects including French and its close relatives
The langues d'oïl are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France
Langues_d'oïl
Group of dialects of the Upper German branch of the Germanic language family
S. states. Venezuela: Colonia Tovar (Colonia Tovar dialect) Alemannic comprises a dialect continuum from the Highest Alemannic spoken in the mountainous
Alemannic_German
Indigenous ethnic group of Namibia
San people of Namibia. They speak the Haiǁom–ǂAakhoe dialect of the Khoekhoe dialect continuum. The letter ⟨ǁ⟩ in the name represents a lateral click
Haiǁom_people
West Hmongic dialect continuum
Việt: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, [m̥ɔ̃́]) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages spoken by the
Hmong_language
West Slavic language
and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th
Czech_language
Northeast Caucasian language
discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin
Dargwa_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
as with many Malay varieties on the island, is a dialect continuum. A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a spread of language varieties spoken across
Kutainese_language
Northern English accent and dialect
from the wider Lancashire dialect, though distinctions between the Northern English accents exist along a dialect continuum and are also influenced by
Manchester_dialect
Map showing geographic distribution of the speakers of a language
geographic distribution of the speakers of a language, or isoglosses of a dialect continuum of the same language, or language family. A collection of such maps
Linguistic_map
Standardized literary variety of Arabic
MSA and with each other depending on their proximity in the Arabic dialect continuum. Native speakers of Arabic generally do not distinguish between "Modern
Modern_Standard_Arabic
Variety of Levantine Arabic spoken in the Kingdom of Jordan
[lang=apc] { font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma; } . Jordanian Arabic is a dialect continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of Arabic spoken in Jordan. Jordanian
Jordanian_Arabic
Dialect group of Alemannic German
dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum
Swabian_German
across the Dutch-German border and belong to a common Dutch-German dialect continuum. The Netherlands also has its separate Dutch Sign Language, called
Languages_of_the_Netherlands
Arabic varieties spoken in Syria
Christian Aleppine Rural dialects similar to Muslim Aleppine Mountain dialects Rural dialects Bēbi (əlBāb) Mixed dialects These dialects are transitional between
Syrian_Arabic
Geolinguistic boundary between mutually intelligible speech communities
can continually exchange linguistic inventions; this is known as a dialect continuum. A "language island" is a language area that is completely surrounded
Language_border
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