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Removal of sulfur from a substance
hydrogenolysis is the desulfurization of thioketals by Raney nickel. In such cases, the hydrogen is contained within the reagent. Desulfurization without hydrogenolysis
Desulfurization
Technologies used in fossil-fuel power plants
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from
Flue-gas_desulfurization
Solid carbon-rich material
petroleum desulfurization techniques can be classified as follows: Solvent extraction Chemical treatment Thermal desulfurization Desulfurization in an oxidizing
Petroleum_coke
Soft calcium sulfate mineral
Frasch process Electric power stations burning coal with flue gas desulfurization produce large quantities of gypsum as a byproduct from the scrubbers
Gypsum
Filter material with homogeneously sized pores in the nanometer range
decarburization, desulfurization of gas and liquids and separation of aromatic hydrocarbon 13X F-9, Na-X 10 0.55–0.65 23–24 0.3–0.5 Desiccation, desulfurization and
Molecular_sieve
Chemical process used to remove sulfur in natural gas and oil refining
the fossil fuel, petroleum crude oil. When the HDS process is used to desulfurize a refinery naphtha, it is necessary to remove the total sulfur down to
Hydrodesulfurization
By-products of coal combustion
in wood and plastic products, paints and metal castings. Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) materials are produced by chemical "scrubber" emission control
Coal_combustion_products
Gas desulfurizing process
Carl Friedrich Claus, the Claus process remains the most important desulfurization process in the petrochemicals industry. It is standard at oil refineries
Claus_process
Catalyst composed of nickel and boron
safer alternative to Raney Nickel for removal of cyclic thioacetals. Desulfurization catalyzed by Ni2B proved to occur with retention of configuration by
Nickel_boride_catalyst
Chemical compound
contaminant in petroleum that resists desulfurization. The methyl groups shield the sulfur center from desulfurization. The compound can be oxidized to the
4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
products every year. These include fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge, that contain mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other
Coal
Chemical compound
Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA, with chemical formula C12H18CaMg2O12) is a deicer and can be used as an alternative to road salt. It is approximately as
Calcium_magnesium_acetate
Process in stainless steel making
subjected to three steps of refining; decarburization, reduction, and desulfurization. The AOD process was invented in 1954 by the Lindé Division of The
Argon_oxygen_decarburization
Living and non-living things on Earth
Before flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the air-polluting emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide
Natural_environment
Chemical compound
4-butynediol to 1,4-butanediol. Raney nickel is used in organic synthesis for desulfurization. For example, thioacetals will be reduced to hydrocarbons in the last
Raney_nickel
Chemical compound
most notable as the product of flue-gas desulfurization. It is produced on a large scale by flue gas desulfurization (FGD). When coal or other fossil fuel
Calcium_sulfite
Gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue
precipitators or fabric filters remove particulate matter and flue-gas desulfurization captures the sulfur dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, particularly
Flue_gas
Sulfur-containing aromatic compound
2-vinylthiophene. Desulfurization of thiophene with Raney nickel affords butane. When coupled with the easy 2,5-difunctionalization of thiophene, desulfurization provides
Thiophene
Gas desulfurization process
The wet sulfuric acid process (WSA process) is a gas desulfurization process introduced by Danish company Haldor Topsoe in 1987. The WSA process can be
Wet_sulfuric_acid_process
Coal-fired power plant in Apollo Beach, Florida
Big Bend Power Station is a major coal-fired power plant, located across Tampa Bay from Tampa, Florida, United States, on nearly 1,500 acres (6 km2) in
Big_Bend_Power_Station
Japanese multinational manufacturing company
wide range of industries. Among the leading products are fuel gas desulfurization and denitrification systems, and ash handling systems. The company
Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries
in order to produce the desired amount of sulfuric acid. Flue-gas desulfurization Sulphur recovery; (2007). The Process Principles in sulphur recovery
SNOX_process
Panel made of gypsum, used in interior construction
sulfur is absorbed by powdered limestone in a process called flue-gas desulfurization (FGD), which produces several new substances. One is called "FGD gypsum"
Drywall
Petroleum product
the refining of crude oil with CAS-no 64742-48-9. It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the
Petroleum_naphtha
Type of sedimentary rock
many roads as well as in asphalt concrete. As a reagent in flue-gas desulfurization, where it reacts with sulfur dioxide for air pollution control. In
Limestone
Methods of transforming crude oil
below atmospheric pressure. Naphtha hydrotreater unit: Uses hydrogen to desulfurize the naphtha fraction from the crude oil distillation or other units within
Petroleum_refining_processes
American manufacturing company
also a major consumer of synthetic gypsum, a byproduct of flue-gas desulfurization. Its corporate offices are located at 550 West Adams Street in Chicago
USG_Corporation
Presence of dangerous substances in the air
instance, industrial plants can install scrubbers, such as flue-gas desulfurization or catalysts to remove NOx. In the power sector, a very effective means
Air_pollution
Technique of extracting metals from ores using prokaryotes or fungi
Shiao-Hung; Cobb, James T. (2000). "Coal Conversion Processes, Cleaning and Desulfurization". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. doi:10.1002/0471238961
Biomining
Movement for addressing environmental issues
Before flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the air-polluting emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide
Environmental_movement
Chemical compound
affinity for sulfur, tris(dimethylamino)phosphine is also effective as a desulfurization agent, e.g., in the conversion of dibenzyl disulfide into dibenzyl
Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine
Chemical derived from gypsum used in food and industry
is produced as a by-product in a number of processes: In flue-gas desulfurization, exhaust gases from fossil-fuel power stations and other processes
Calcium_sulfate
Chemical compound
thiosulfate. The Wellman–Lord process utilizes sodium sulfite for flue gas desulfurization. Sodium sulfite is primarily used as a mild reducing agent. The heptahydrate
Sodium_sulfite
Porous material with a high specific surface area supporting a catalyst
ethylene propylene, polypropylene; ethylene, polyethylene TiCl3 MgCl2 Desulfurization of petroleum (hydrodesulfurization) H2 + organosulfur compounds, RH
Catalyst_support
Coal-fired power station in Stokes County, North Carolina
burners in the boiler. The plant has completed a $500 million flue-gas desulfurization project which came online during the beginning of 2008. This project
Belews_Creek_Power_Station
Chemical compound of formula CaS
component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue-gas desulfurization. Like many salts containing sulfide ions, CaS typically has an odour
Calcium_sulfide
Chemical compound
NiCl2 deoxygenation of sulfoxides, hydrogenolysis of aryl tosylates, desulfurization, reduction of nitriles 1851,1831, 991, 1814 nickel boride TiCl4 denitrosatation
Sodium_borohydride
Liquid fuel derived from petroleum
reformer unit, where it would be converted to benzene. Therefore, only (desulfurized) heavy virgin naphtha (HVN) is fed to the reformer unit. Gasoline can
Gasoline
Chemical way to synthesize proteins
amino acids can be used for native chemical ligation, followed by desulfurization. Alternatively, thiol-containing ligation auxiliaries can be used that
Native_chemical_ligation
as cleaning coal, and post combustion approaches, include flue-gas desulfurization, selective catalytic reduction, electrostatic precipitators, and fly
Coal_pollution_mitigation
Danish shipping and logistics company
plan, where the requirement is that SOx and NOx must be reduced using desulfurization plants, the so-called scrubbers, to build into the ships' chimney systems
Maersk
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
Ying, Yuqian; Lu, Shenggao (May 2023). "Heavy metal pollution risk of desulfurized steel slag as a soil amendment in cycling use of solid wastes". Journal
Fertilizer
A metallocarbohedryne (met-car) is any one of a family of chemical compounds with the generic molecular formula M8C12, where M is a transition metal such
Metallocarbohedryne
Belgian limestone mining company
for environment applications (water and sludge treatment, flue-gas desulfurization). Total consolidated group net turnover amounted to: 850 million Euros
Carmeuse
Countries of the former Soviet Union
Surrounding nations pressured Estonia to reduce its emissions, but a lack of desulfurization equipment has forced Estonia to instead lower its energy production
Post-Soviet_states
waste products annually, including fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge, that contain mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry
Chemical compound
hydrolysed to cyanamide, H2N−C≡N. Calcium carbide is used: in the desulfurization of iron (pig iron, cast iron and steel) as a fuel in steelmaking to
Calcium_carbide
cations. Due to their high catalytic potential, they are utilized as desulfurization agents and in the production of nitrogen gas from nitrogen monoxide
Cu_Y_Zeolite
Molecular-scale artificial or biological device
have emerged for these molecules, such as antibacterial activity, desulfurization of fuels, and piezoelectricity. Molecular propeller A molecule that
Molecular_machine
Fossil fuel derived from other hydrocarbon sources
Disproportionation of CO into CO2 and elemental carbon Claus process – Gas desulfurizing process Coal gas – Manufactured gaseous fuel Industrial gas – Gaseous
Syngas
Facility that burns fossil fuels to produce electricity
source of industrial wastewater. Wastewater streams include flue-gas desulfurization, fly ash, bottom ash and flue gas mercury control. Plants with air
Fossil_fuel_power_station
Alloy of titanium and iron
in slag, and is therefore used for deoxidizing, and sometimes for desulfurization and denitrogenation. In steelmaking, the addition of titanium yields
Ferrotitanium
By-product of smelting ores and used metals
at the end of refining) Slag type FeO / Fe 2O 3 MnO SiO 2 Al 2O 3 CaO MgO P 2O 5 S Aluminum-deoxidized steel (desulfurizing slag) 0 0 10 35 45 10 0.1
Slag
Chemical compound of calcium
remove sulfur dioxide from exhaust streams in a process called flue-gas desulfurization. Carbon capture and storage: Calcium oxide can be used to capture carbon
Calcium_oxide
Electric generating station in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, US
site with its 700-foot (210 m) exhaust and 400-foot (120 m) flue-gas desulfurization system stacks. In April 2023, Talen Energy notified its grid operator
Brandon Shores Generating Station
Brandon_Shores_Generating_Station
Decommissioned coal-fired power station in Lambton County, Ontario
168-metre (551 ft) smokestacks, one of which was equipped with flue-gas desulfurization units, commonly called "scrubbers", to remove sulfur oxide. Emissions
Lambton_Generating_Station
Coal-fired thermal power station in Poland
The plant is fueled primarily by bituminous coal and uses flue-gas desulfurization. Four power units were constructed from 1993–1997. Two additional units
Opole_Power_Plant
Facility that processes crude oil
Carl Friedrich Claus, the Claus process remains the most important desulfurization process in the petrochemicals industry. It is standard at oil refineries
Oil_refinery
Anion of sulfur with 4 oxygen atoms
air pollution by the developed nations, typically through flue-gas desulfurization installations at thermal power plants, such as wet scrubbers or fluidized
Sulfate
by oxidative processes with the metallic parts of the systems. Fuels desulfurized by copper sweetening also contain a significant trace amounts of copper
Metal_deactivator
Chemical compound
1081/SCC-120024730. Wang Z, Rejtar T, Zhou ZS, Karger BL (2010-01-04). "Desulfurization of cysteine-containing peptides resulting from sample preparation for
TCEP
Biotechnique to clean sulfur from crude oil
desulfurization. Methods used for desulfurization include, among others, hydrodesulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, extractive desulfurization,
Biodesulfurization
Rare iron sulfide mineral: FeS
"Isoferroplatinum-pyrrhotite-troilite intergrowth as evidence of desulfurization in the Merensky Reef at Rustenburg (western Bushveld Complex, South
Troilite
Energy company in Pakistan
by Emirate of Abu Dhabi. In 2010, the company set up a Diesel Hydro Desulfurization Unit to ensure that Diesel produced by the refinery meets international
Pak-Arab_Refinery
Type of unconventional oil deposit
simpler ones. Since cracking produces products which are rich in sulfur, desulfurization must be done to get the sulfur content below 0.5% and create sweet
Oil_sands
Scientific discipline
chemical ligation include expressed protein ligation, sulfurization/desulfurization techniques, and use of removable thiol auxiliaries. Chemical biologists
Chemical_biology
Chemical compound
their release to the environment. This process is called wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGS). Calcium formate seems to be more effective than or almost equally
Calcium_formate
Deep blue pigment
chemical reaction produces large amounts of sulfur dioxide. (Flue-gas desulfurization is thus essential to its manufacture where SO2 pollution is regulated
Ultramarine
Chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element
fuel Dehydrogenation H-Bio Hydrodesulfurization, hydrotreater and oil desulfurization Hydrogenation of carbon–nitrogen double bonds Asymmetric hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
Lung disease caused by air pollution in Japan
the asthma. They further propose that one of the reasons flue-gas desulfurization implementation did not lead to the disappearance of all cases was due
Yokkaichi_asthma
Electric generating station in Maryland
site with its 700-foot (210 m) exhaust and 400-foot (120 m) flue-gas desulfurization system stacks. The Wagner Generating Station's oil-fired Unit 1 commenced
Herbert A. Wagner Generating Station
Herbert_A._Wagner_Generating_Station
Japanese engineering company
Abu Dhabi). 1984: Received their first order for the CT-121 flue gas desulfurization system in the United States. 1994: Established a design company in
Chiyoda_Corporation
Organosulfur compound (S=C(NH2)2)
condenses with a carbonyl, followed by cyclization and tautomerization. Desulfurization delivers the pyrimidine. The pharmaceuticals thiobarbituric acid and
Thiourea
Group of air pollution control devices
and internal waters. Flue-gas desulfurization Flue-gas condensation Mercury (element) Mercury cycle Oil desulfurization Electrostatic precipitator BS4994
Scrubber
Rain that is unusually acidic
of China and Taiwan. Many coal-firing power stations use flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) to remove sulfur-containing gases from their stack gases. For
Acid_rain
Regional water authority in Michigan, United States
incinerate dewatered wastewater sludge cake Flue gases are scrubbed and desulfurized prior to atmospheric discharge Eight Nichols-Hereschoff Multiple Hearth
Great_Lakes_Water_Authority
the hydrogenation of vegetable oils; in organic synthesis, used for desulfurization Sakaguchi's Reagent Detects the presence of arginine Samarium(II) iodide
List_of_reagents
wet scrubbers used for gas absorption. For example, because flue-gas desulfurization systems must deal with heavy particulate loadings, open, simple designs
Liquid-to-gas_ratio
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
2002 (see table). This improvement resulted in part from flue-gas desulfurization, a technology that enables SO2 to be chemically bound in power plants
Sulfur_dioxide
Species of bacterium
Nour Shafik, El-Gendy; James G., Speight (2015). Handbook of Refinery Desulfurization. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4665-9672-6. Aggarwal, S; Karimi, IA; Ivan,
Gordonia_alkanivorans
Coal fired power station in Turkey
company. It was shut down in March 2021 but reopened after a flue-gas desulfurization system was installed at a cost of US$45.9 million. In June 2021 İklim
18_Mart_Çan_power_station
Natural gas pipeline in Asia
first line cost US$7.3 billion. The pipeline project also includes the desulfurization plant at Samand-Depe to remove high sulfur content of natural gas.
Central Asia–China gas pipeline
Central_Asia–China_gas_pipeline
Chemical compound
streams are limed repeatedly. Calcium carbonate is also used in flue-gas desulfurization applications eliminating harmful SO2 and NO2 emissions from coal and
Calcium_carbonate
regenerable process to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gas (flue-gas desulfurization) without creating a throwaway sludge product. In this process, sulfur
Wellman–Lord_process
Mývatn until recently. However, today most sulphur is obtained in the desulfurization of petroleum and fossil gas. The diatomite plant has closed for environmental
Economy_of_Iceland
Metallurgy/steelmaking method
Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014. Desulfurization is the process of decreasing the sulfur content of steel. Decarburization
Deoxidization
Chemical reactions that convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons
required for FT catalysis. First, reactant gases entering a reactor must be desulfurized. Otherwise, sulfur-containing impurities deactivate ("poison") the catalysts
Fischer–Tropsch_process
Shipbuilder headquartered in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Orient Overseas Container Line. Modifications included a flue gas desulfurization system to bring the ship into compliance with United Nations IMO 2020
CSBC_Corporation,_Taiwan
Production of chlorine
manufacture of hydrochloric acid or hydrogen peroxide, as well as desulfurization of petroleum, or use as a fuel in boilers or fuel cells. Production
Chlorine_production
Coal power plant in Pennsylvania, US
electrostatic precipitators and low-NOx burners. A wet limestone flue-gas desulfurization system was installed in the mid 1990s. The plant donated a particularly
Conemaugh_Generating_Station
German chemist, mining engineer and inventor (1851–1914)
in Lima, Ohio, and perfected his desulfurization method. Standard Oil held a patent monopoly on the desulfurization method until 1905, making its investments
Herman_Frasch
Chemical compound
CO ligands can be displaced by acetonitrile. W(CO)6 has been used to desulfurize organosulfur compounds and as a precursor to catalysts for alkene metathesis
Tungsten_hexacarbonyl
Biogeochemical cycle of sulfur
are +6 in sulfate and –2 in R–SH. Desulfurization in which organic molecules containing sulfur can be desulfurized, producing hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S
Sulfur_cycle
Type of peptides
nature. However this problem has partly been address by the selective desulfurization of the cysteine residue to an alanine. Carbohydrate chemistry Glycopeptide
Glycopeptide
Oil refinery in Southern District, Israel
catalytic crack and sulfur recovery unit completed 2003 - HDS (hydro-desulfurization) unit and truck loading terminal for distillates were constructed;
Ashdod_Oil_Refineries
Species of bacterium
is notable for its use of particular metabolic pathways, including desulfurization of diesel. Bak, F.; Widdel, F. (1986). "Anaerobic degradation of indolic
Desulfobacterium_indolicum
Burning of fuel with pure oxygen
released as a dangerous environmental pollutant or "lost" in flue gas desulfurization. Economically speaking this method costs more than a traditional air-fired
Oxy-fuel_combustion_process
Oil refinery in Xiaogang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
hydro-desulfurization unit was constructed at the refinery with a capacity of 20,000 barrels per day. In 2010, a diesel hydro-desulfurization unit was
Dalin_Refinery
Device that facilitates dispersion of liquid into a spray
Common applications include gas scrubbing applications (e.g., flue-gas desulfurization where the smaller droplets often offer superior performance) and fire
Spray_nozzle
Shell–Paques process, also known by the trade name of Thiopaq O&G, is a gas desulfurization technology for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from natural-, refinery-
Shell–Paques_process
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Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Golden Rays
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
A Raga
Girl/Female
Biblical
That makes captive.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Feast, solemnity.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Addison, ADISSON means "son of Adam."
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Dwells by the hillside hollow.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Small; Love
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Bevis, possibly BEAVIS means "shining one."
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary king of France.
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