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United Kingdom law reforming defamation law in England & Wales
The Defamation Act 2013 (c. 26) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which changed English defamation law on issues of the right to freedom
Defamation_Act_2013
Stock short title used for legislation
Defamation Act 2001 The Defamation Act Amendment Act 1886 The Defamation Act 1901 (No 22) The Defamation (Amendment) Act 1909 (No 22) The Defamation Act
Defamation_Act
Communication causing harm to reputation
[additional citation(s) needed] Defamation and related laws can encompass a variety of acts (from general defamation and insult – as applicable to every
Defamation
many countries are originally descended from English defamation law. The history of defamation law in England is somewhat obscure; civil actions for
English_defamation_law
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Wales and Verbal injury. See English defamation law#Justification This section was repealed by the Defamation Act 2013. This section was repealed by Part
Defamation_Act_1952
Topics referred to by the same term
causes a legally redressable injury. Defamation may also refer to: Defamation (Dutch criminal law) Defamation Act, stock short title used for legislation
Defamation_(disambiguation)
adjudicating defamation claims. The Punjab Defamation Act 2024 has been challenged in the Lahore High Court. The petitioners claim that the new defamation law
Punjab_Defamation_Act_2024
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Order 2010. Defamation Act English defamation law Section 20(1). Section 18. Section 19. Claire Sandford and Fiona Boyle. The Defamation Act 1996: The New
Defamation_Act_1996
Former law
incompatible with the constitution's guarantee of religious equality. The Defamation Act 2009 included a provision intended to fill the lacuna while being "virtually
Blasphemy law in the Republic of Ireland
Blasphemy_law_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
to commencing defamation proceedings. Section 12B(1) of the Defamation Act states: (1) An aggrieved person cannot commence defamation proceedings unless—
Defamation_in_Australia
International Jewish organization
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, is a New York-based international advocacy organization
Anti-Defamation_League
Legal defence
be untrue, is protected against action for defamation in UK law. In the United Kingdom, the Defamation Act 2013 provides a public interest defence. The
Public_interest_defence
313–325. ISSN 0020-5893. V.T.H.D. (1962). "Civil Proceedings for Defamation: The Defamation Act, 1961". Irish Jurist. 28/29 (1): 1–4. ISSN 0021-1273. Hamill
Defamation Act (Northern Ireland) 1955
Defamation_Act_(Northern_Ireland)_1955
Leading English defamation case of 1999
subsequently raised successfully in several defamation proceedings. The defence was abolished by s4(6) Defamation Act 2013, being replaced with the statutory
Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd
Reynolds_v_Times_Newspapers_Ltd
Incitement of rebellion
unconstitutional. Both blasphemous libel and seditious libel were abolished by the Defamation Act 2009, which also created new crime of "publication or utterance of blasphemous
Sedition
British activist and actor (born 1978)
judge could show involuntary bias", the first such request since the Defamation Act 2013. It was refused. Court documents revealed that this request cost
Laurence_Fox
publisher. No defamation was ever proven. As of 1 January 2014, changes to UK defamation laws will come into force, with the Defamation Act 2013 and accompanying
Online_service_provider_law
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legislated for the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament
Scotland_Act_1998
(Amendment) Act, 1991 (No. 18) Statute of Limitations (Amendment) Act, 2000 (No. 13) Defamation Act 2009 (No. 31) Civil Liability and Courts Act 2004 (No
Statute of limitations in Ireland
Statute_of_limitations_in_Ireland
1990s UK political scandal
paymaster. Hamilton denied this new allegation.[citation needed] The Defamation Act 1996 was designed to alter the Bill of Rights 1689, and allows an MP
Cash-for-questions_affair
provisions of the Defamation Act 2009 were repealed upon the commencement of the Blasphemy (Abolition of Offences and Related Matters) Act 2019 on 17 January
Censorship in the Republic of Ireland
Censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Law prohibiting blasphemy
defamation is covered by Article 166 of the Strafgesetzbuch, the German criminal law. If a deed is capable of disturbing the public peace, defamation
Blasphemy_law
Legal reforms aimed at reducing tort litigation
purported abuse of the defamation tort system generally discussed separately by policymakers addressing SLAPP lawsuits. Defamation suits, particularly when
Tort_reform
Duke of Brunswick
Harmer) established a precedent in English defamation law, as the ruling was interpreted by courts to allow defamation plaintiffs to sue if there was a “new
Charles_II,_Duke_of_Brunswick
British physicist and popular science author (born 1964)
On 25 April 2013 the Defamation Act 2013 received Royal Assent and became law. The purpose of the reformed law of defamation is to 'ensure that a fair
Simon_Singh
2010 U.S. law limiting foreign defamation cases
foreign judgment for defamation may bring an action in a U.S. court to obtain a declaratory judgment that the overseas defamation judgment is "repugnant
SPEECH_Act
Commonwealth jurisdictions
Canadian defamation law refers to defamation law as it stands in both common law and civil law jurisdictions in Canada. As with most Commonwealth jurisdictions
Canadian_defamation_law
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Limitation Act 1980 (c. 58) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applicable only to England and Wales. It is a statute of limitations
Limitation_Act_1980
Defamation litigation chosen based on favorable jurisdiction
"the judgment includes recovery for a claim of defamation unless the court determines that the defamation law applied by the foreign court provided at least
Libel_tourism
US federal law on website liability
the Defamation Act 2005 (NSW), s 32, a defence to defamation is that the defendant neither knew, nor ought reasonably to have known of the defamation, and
Section_230
Guarantee of the freedom of speech
Malaysia Act 1963, which extended the Defamation Act 1957 to Singapore, then a state in the Federation of Malaysia. Since the Act, now the Defamation Act (Cap
Article 14 of the Constitution of Singapore
Article_14_of_the_Constitution_of_Singapore
December 2014. The Defamation Act 1961, section 4 [1] and the first schedule [2] Archived 2009-07-04 at the Wayback Machine "Defamation Act 1961, section 3(1)"
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) in the 19th century
Timeline_of_women's_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)_in_the_19th_century
seditious or obscene libel." While the NSW Defamation Act 1974 was repealed by Section 46 of the Defamation Act 2005, the latter makes no mention of blasphemy
Blasphemy_law_in_Australia
Defamation and sexual-assault lawsuits
k.a. Carroll II), renewing her claim of defamation and adding a claim of battery under the Adult Survivors Act, a New York law allowing sexual-assault
E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump
E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump
2017 libel case
tweets sent by Hopkins were defamatory to Monroe (according to the Defamation Act 2013) and were the source of "serious harm", a prerequisite for demonstrating
Monroe_v_Hopkins
judicial non-publication or suppression orders, defamation law, the federal Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), film and literature (including video
Censorship_in_Australia
UK libel lawsuit, 2008–2010
election making manifesto commitments to libel reform, and passage of the Defamation Act 2013 by the British Parliament in April 2013. The case was brought by
British Chiropractic Association v Singh
British_Chiropractic_Association_v_Singh
Online content created by users
their service is being used for infringing activities. In the UK, the Defamation Act of 1996 says that if a person is not the author, editor or publisher
User-generated_content
the laws of defamation and breach of confidence are designed to balance people's reputations and rights to privacy. The Defamation Act 2013 states that
Human rights in the United Kingdom
Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom
Defence to an action for defamation
to an action for defamation in English law. If the defence of absolute privilege applies it is irrelevant that a defendant has acted with malice, knew
Absolute privilege in English law
Absolute_privilege_in_English_law
Limitation on freedom of speech in the US
making a defamation claim for these statements do not need to prove that the statement caused them actual damages. (See section Defamation per se.) Laws
United_States_defamation_law
Defamation case before the Federal Court of Australia
Barilaro v Shanks-Markovina & Google was a defamation court case before the Federal Court of Australia in 2021 and 2022. The case ruled on allegations
Barilaro_v_Shanks-Markovina
Legal action against and by activists
The Guardian. "Defamation Act 2013: Libel Reform Campaign Briefing". www.niassembly.gov.uk. Byrne, Matt (7 May 2013). "Can new Act clean up libel law
McLibel_case
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning British nationality since 1 January 1983. In the
British_Nationality_Act_1981
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Broadcasting Act 1990 (c. 42) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which aimed to liberalise and deregulate the British broadcasting
Broadcasting_Act_1990
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
tort of libel. This act was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by section 4 of, and Part 2 of Schedule 1 to, the Defamation Act, 1961. The preamble
Libel_Act_1843
2003 non-fiction book by Graeme McLagan
done his very best to act in the course of responsible journalism." The Reynolds defence was replaced under the Defamation Act 2013 with the statutory
Bent_Coppers
British politician from Wales, former UKIP leader
co-plaintiff. In the process, the Bill of Rights 1689 was amended by the Defamation Act 1996 to allow statements made in Parliament to be questioned in court
Neil_Hamilton_(politician)
Dutch criminal law
publicizing it. When defamation is committed by means of a document, illustration or audio recording, it is called libel (smaadschrift). Defamation and libel belong
Defamation (Dutch criminal law)
Defamation_(Dutch_criminal_law)
British judge (born 1958)
contributor to all three editions. Contributor to Blackstone's Guide to the Defamation Act Contributor to Sport: Law and Practice Gave The Thomas Sutton Lecture
Mark_Warby
South Korean legislation
Cyber defamation or cyber insult in South Korean law is a crime or civil tort consisting of defamation or insult committed through a telecommunications
South Korean cyber defamation law
South_Korean_cyber_defamation_law
English comedian and actor (born 1957)
broadcaster RTÉ, were under criminal investigation for blasphemy under the Defamation Act 2009, following a complaint from a member of the public about the broadcast:
Stephen_Fry
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (c. 53) of is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that enables some criminal convictions to be ignored
Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974
Rehabilitation_of_Offenders_Act_1974
Australian statutory defence against the charge of defamation
charge of defamation under the law of South Australia and New South Wales. It was created by the Defamation Act 2005. The Defamation Amendment Act 2020 contains
Contextual_truth_defence
16 of the Defamation Act 1961. The proviso was not reproduced. This section provides that the Act may be cited as the Slander of Women Act 1891 and that
Slander_of_Women_Act_1891
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, relevant to UK constitutional law. It provides for a Supreme
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Constitutional_Reform_Act_2005
In Hong Kong, a statutory defence of unintentional defamation exists in section 25 of the Defamation Ordinance (Cap. 21), but differs from the statutory
Innocent_dissemination
Litigation involving political opposition research report regarding the 2016 US election
been filed in connection with the Steele dossier, primarily involving defamation claims by plaintiffs such as Aleksej Gubarev, the three owners of Alfa-Bank
Litigation involving Steele dossier
Litigation_involving_Steele_dossier
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Government of Wales Act 2006 (c. 32) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the then-National Assembly for Wales (now the
Government_of_Wales_Act_2006
Former common law criminal offence in England and Wales
making the repeal official. In the Republic of Ireland, §13 of the Defamation Act, 1961 prescribed penalties for blasphemous libel, but did not define
Blasphemous_libel
Law that constitutes the body politic of the United Kingdom
the laws of defamation and breach of confidence are designed to balance people's reputations and rights to privacy. The Defamation Act 2013 states that
United Kingdom constitutional law
United_Kingdom_constitutional_law
British medical doctor and whistleblower
"What does the Defamation Act mean for academics?". Times Higher Education Supplement. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2015. "Defamation actions which
Peter_Wilmshurst
American anti-Muslim advocacy group
Progress and the Southern Poverty Law Center. The Anti-Defamation League states that the "ACT stokes irrational fear of Muslims" through spreading misinformation
ACT_for_America
Legal case heard in the Federal Court of Australia
court to hear defamation claims. The judgment of the Full Court confirmed that the Court has original jurisdiction to hear defamation claims that could
Crosby_v_Kelly
English suicide victim involved in precedent setting defamation lawsuit
October 2018. Jones, Mariette (2024). "Defamation law in England and Wales after the 2013 reforms". Defamation and the Right to Freedom of Speech: The
Suicide_of_Eleanor_de_Freitas
Amendment Act Criminal Procedure Act Crown Lands Act Dean Forest Act Defamation Act Defence Act Digital Economy Act Disability Discrimination Act Diseases
List_of_short_titles
English writers association (founded 1921)
Colleges, and associations. A Defamation Bill was introduced by the coalition government in 2012 and the Defamation Act was given royal assent on 25 April
English_PEN
2018 amendment decriminalising blasphemy
or uttering blasphemous matter was first defined in Irish law in the Defamation Act 2009. Someone is guilty of the offence if they publish or utter "matter
Thirty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
Thirty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland
Irish regulatory body
Press Ombudsman, and both institutions were later underpinned by the Defamation Act 2009, which formally recognised the Council’s role in resolving complaints
Press_Council_of_Ireland
Opinions of English biologist and author
in robust criticism of scientific and pseudo-scientific work." The Defamation Act 2013 substantially reformed the law. In 2008, Dawkins pointed out major
Views_of_Richard_Dawkins
Delhi High Court civil defamation case
International v. Wikimedia Foundation (CS(OS) 524/2024) is an ongoing civil defamation case in India. ANI Media Private Limited, the parent company of news agency
Asian News International v. Wikimedia Foundation
Asian_News_International_v._Wikimedia_Foundation
Aspect of Indian law
[11], and [13]. See Defamation Act 1952 of UK and Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) of Australia See Motor Vehicle Act 1988 Defamation and certain areas of
Tort_law_in_India
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Theatres Act 1968 (c. 54) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that abolished stage censorship in the United Kingdom, receiving royal
Theatres_Act_1968
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Ireland Constitution Act 1973 (c. 36) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received royal assent on 18 July 1973. The act abolished the suspended
Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973
Northern_Ireland_Constitution_Act_1973
British businessman and fraudster
his loss would outweigh the benefit of a victory in a defamation case.' "Libel: new Defamation Act will reverse 'chilling effect', ministers claim". The
Giovanni Di Stefano (fraudster)
Giovanni_Di_Stefano_(fraudster)
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It changed the law on coroners and criminal justice in England
Coroners_and_Justice_Act_2009
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
that Parliament has sovereignty over the past as well as the future. Defamation Act 1952, s. 9(1): extends the privilege to publication by "wireless telegraphy"
Parliamentary_Papers_Act_1840
2025 US federal law
The Epstein Files Transparency Act (EFTA) is a law passed by the 119th United States Congress and signed by President Donald Trump on November 19, 2025
Epstein Files Transparency Act
Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act
British journalist (born 1943)
the book was protected." The Reynolds defence was replaced under the Defamation Act 2013 with the statutory defence of publication on a matter of public
Graeme_McLagan
Law of trial by jury in England and Wales
from section 69 of the Senior Courts Act 1981 by section 11 of the Defamation Act 2013, meaning that defamation claims made on or after 1 January 2014
Juries_in_England_and_Wales
Electoral Act 1907 (No. 27) Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899 (63 Vict. No. 19) Electoral Districts Act 1947 (No. 51) Standard Time Act 1895 (59 Vict
List of acts of the Parliament of Western Australia from 2005
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Western_Australia_from_2005
role in the development of the Defamation Bill, collaborating with Lord Lester of Herne Hill, which led to the Defamation Act of 2013. This legislation introduced
Heather_Rogers
Australian businessman
GENERAL'S REVIEW OF'THE DEFAMATION ACT 2005 (NSW)" (PDF). nswbar.asn.au. Australia's Right, To Know. "REVIEW OF DEFAMATION ACT 2005". justice.nsw.gov.au
Sean_Buckley_(entrepreneur)
Northern Irish lawyer
Parliamentary Joint Committee on the draft Defamation Bill and the Northern Ireland Assembly Committee on the Defamation Act 2013. He is listed in Chambers Directory
Paul_Tweed
Australian barrister
particularly defamation, as well as constitutional and commercial law. He is best known for having acted in a number of high-profile defamation and free speech
Matthew_Collins_(barrister)
English civil rights legislation
defamation action of Hamilton v Al-Fayed which went through the two tiers of appeal to like effect. That provision was section 13 of the Defamation Act
Bill_of_Rights_1689
American and Australian advocate (1983–2025)
civil defamation lawsuit against Alan Dershowitz in New York. That same month, Maria Farmer filed an affidavit in support of Giuffre's defamation suit
Virginia_Giuffre
1st episode of the 2nd series of Sherlock
feelings. I think that was beyond the pale and strayed from criticism to a defamation act. I'm certainly not a sexist, a misogynist and it was wrong. It's not
A_Scandal_in_Belgravia
[11], and [13]. See Defamation Act 1952 of UK and Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) of Australia See Motor Vehicle Act 1988 Defamation and certain areas of
Law_of_India
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerned with regulatory reform. One notable provision is aimed at
Deregulation_Act_2015
Acts passed by the devolved Northern Ireland Assembly
are mentioned in the Letters. An act can be cited in a number of ways: by reference to its short title ("Defamation Act (Northern Ireland) 2022"); by reference
Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly
Act_of_the_Northern_Ireland_Assembly
The Local Government (Northern Ireland) Act 1972 (c. 9 (N.I.)) was an act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland that constituted district councils to
Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972
Local_Government_Act_(Northern_Ireland)_1972
Act of the Parliament of India
arrested. They were charged under Section 66A and 66B of the IT Act, for defamation under Section 500, for obscene gesture to a woman under Section 509
Information Technology Act, 2000
Information_Technology_Act,_2000
New Zealand political party
criminal nuisance or defamation. Citizenship and permanent residency should be subject to applicants affirming New Zealand's values. ACT has been characterised
ACT_New_Zealand
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Little of the Act is still in force, as of 2012. Section 4, for example was repealed except in cases of criminal libel by the Defamation Act 1952 (and the
Law of Libel Amendment Act 1888
Law_of_Libel_Amendment_Act_1888
Legal concept
case of an ordinary person. The tort of defamation depends on jurisdiction: for example, the law of defamation in England and Wales differs from Scotland
Public_figure
The Defamation Act 2013 introduced a number of important defences. "Arkell v. Pressdram" denotes a robust response to a claim of defamation – specifically
Recurring jokes in Private Eye
Recurring_jokes_in_Private_Eye
Act 1890 (53 & 54 Vict. c. 53) Consular Fees Act 1980 (c. 23) Tramways (Ireland) Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 152) Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act 1872
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1891
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1891
Offices Act 2009 No. 30/2009 – Local Government (Charges) Act 2009 No. 31/2009 – Defamation Act 2009 No. 32/2009 – Criminal Justice (Amendment) Act 2009
List of acts of the Oireachtas
List_of_acts_of_the_Oireachtas
Choice of lawsuit location based on plaintiff-friendly environment
for Defamation Claims (PDF). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. p. 4. ISBN 978-965-218-070-4. Retrieved 31 May 2015. For several reasons, defamation shopping
Forum_shopping
DEFAMATION ACT
DEFAMATION ACT
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name Keikr (from Old West Scandinavian keikr ‘bent backwards’).German : nickname from Middle High German kec ‘lively’, ‘active’ (cognate of English quick), which later changed its meaning to ‘bold’, ‘forward’, ‘fresh’.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from Ida, which is found as both a male and female personal name in English but only as a female name in German. This is of continental Germanic origin and was popular among the Normans, who brought it to England. Its etymology is disputed: it is thought by some to be of the same origin as hild- ‘battle’, ‘strife’; by others to be of the same origin as Old High German idis ‘(wise) woman’, or from Old Norse idh ‘work’, ‘activity’.Japanese : ‘rice paddy by the well’; habitational name from Ida-mura in Musashi (now TÅkyÅ and Saitama prefectures). Variously written and found mostly in eastern Japan and the RyÅ«kyÅ« Islands.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a happy, cheerful person, from Middle English lyght, Old English lēoht ‘light’ (not dark), ‘bright’, ‘cheerful’.English : nickname for someone who was busy and active, from Middle English lyght, Old English līoht ‘light’ (not heavy), ‘nimble’, ‘quick’. The two words lēoht and līoht were originally distinct, but they were confused in English from an early period.English : nickname for a small person, from Middle English lite, Old English l̄t ‘little’, influenced by lyght as in 1 and 2.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of the French topographic name Garrigue (see Garrigues).Scottish
Americanized spelling of the French topographic name Garrigue (see Garrigues).Scottish : variant of Garioch, a habitational name from the district in Aberdeenshire so named.English : habitational name from Garwick in Lincolnshire, named from an Old English personal name Gǣra + Old English wīc ‘(dairy) farm’.The name is closely associated with the Huguenots. The English actor-manager David Garrick (1717–79) was the grandson of David de la Garrique, who fled Bordeaux in 1685, changing his family name to Garric on arrival in England. Other Garricks (Garicks) were in SC in the 1820s.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva, King of the art of dancing, King among actors
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname from Middle English king, Old English cyning ‘king’ (originally merely a tribal leader, from Old English cyn(n) ‘tribe’, ‘race’ + the Germanic suffix -ing). The word was already used as a byname before the Norman Conquest, and the nickname was common in the Middle Ages, being used to refer to someone who conducted himself in a kingly manner, or one who had played the part of a king in a pageant, or one who had won the title in a tournament. In other cases it may actually have referred to someone who served in the king’s household. The American surname has absorbed several European cognates and equivalents with the same meaning, for example German König (see Koenig), Swiss German Küng, French Leroy. It is also found as an Ashkenazic Jewish surname, of ornamental origin.Chinese : variant of Jin 1.Chinese : , , , , Jing.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Mythological, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Maiden; Without Any Deformation; Wife of Gautam Rishi; A Woman who was Saved by Lord Rama
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Francis (Old French form Franceis, Latin Franciscus, Italian Francisco). This was originally an ethnic name meaning ‘Frank’ and hence ‘Frenchman’. The personal name owed much of its popularity during the Middle Ages to the fame of St. Francis of Assisi (1181–1226), whose baptismal name was actually Giovanni but who was nicknamed Francisco because his father was absent in France at the time of his birth. As an American family name this has absorbed cognates from several other European languages (for forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).Jewish (American) : an Americanization of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames, or an adoption of the non-Jewish surname.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva, King of the art of dancing, King among actors
Surname or Lastname
English
English : ethnic name from Old French germain ‘German’ (Latin Germanus). This sometimes denoted an actual immigrant from Germany, but was also used to refer to a person who had trade or other connections with German-speaking lands. The Latin word Germanus is of obscure and disputed origin; the most plausible of the etymologies that have been proposed is that the people were originally known as the ‘spear-men’, with Germanic gÄ“r, gÄr ‘spear’ as the first element.English (of Norman origin) : from the Old French personal name Germain (see Germain).Americanized spelling of Spanish Germán or Hungarian Germán, cognates of 2.German : from the saint’s name German(us). See also Germann.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : Russianized variant of Hermann.Greek : reduced form of Germanos, a Greek personal name, bestowed in honor of saints of the Eastern Church distinct from St. Germain: in particular, St. Germanos in the 8th century, liturgical poet and patriarch of Constantinople. The Greek surname can also denote someone associated with Germany or someone with blond hair.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an amiable person, also perhaps sometimes given in an ironical sense, from Middle English luvelich, loveli (Old English luflic). During the main period of surname formation the word was used in an active sense, ‘loving’, ‘kind’, ‘affectionate’, as well as the passive ‘lovable’, ‘worthy of love’. The meaning ‘attractive’, ‘beautiful’ is not clearly attested before the 14th century, and remained rare throughout the Middle Ages.New England Americanized form of French Lavallée (see Lavallee) or a similar name.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Déville in Seine-Maritime, France, probably named with Latin dei villa ‘settlement of (i.e. under the protection of) God’. This name was interpreted early on as a prepositional phrase de ville or de val and applied to dwellers in a town or valley (see Ville and Vale).English : nickname from Middle English devyle, Old English dēofol ‘devil’ (Latin diabolus, from Greek diabolos ‘slanderer’, ‘enemy’), referring to a mischievous youth or perhaps to someone who had acted the role of the Devil in a pageant or mystery play.French : variant of Ville, with the preposition de.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva, King of the art of dancing, King among actors
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, ACTON means "oak tree settlement."Â
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for an unfortunate person, from Old French malheure ‘unhappy’, ‘unlucky’. The etymology from maloret ‘ill-omened’ (Latin male ‘badly’ + auguratus) is less likely for the surname that has actually survived, although it does lie behind other medieval Norman surnames of this form, now defunct.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Haineville or Henneville in Manche, France, named from the Germanic personal name Hagano + Old French ville ‘settlement’.English (Yorkshire) : nickname for a scarred or maimed person, from Middle English, Old English hamel ‘mutilated’, ‘crooked’.Irish (Ulster) : according to MacLysaght, a shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hÃdhmaill ‘descendant of Ãdhmall’, which he derives from ádhmall ‘active’.
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
In ancient Greek mythology Actaeon was a hunter dismembered by his own dogs.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : from the rare Old English masculine personal name Mocca, which may be related to a Germanic stem mokk- ‘to accumulate’, ‘to be heaped up’, and hence may originally have been a nickname for a heavy, thickset person. Alternatively, it could be from Middle English mokke ‘trick’, ‘joke’, ‘jest’, ‘act of jeering’, a derivative of mokke(n) ‘to mock’, from Old French moquer.German : variant of Maag.German : nickname for a short, thickset man, Middle High German mocke.Dutch : nickname from Middle Dutch mocke ‘dirty or wanton woman’, ‘slut’, or from West Flemish mokke ‘fat child’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places, especially in Shropshire and adjacent counties, named Acton. Generally, these are from Old English Äc ‘oak’ + tÅ«n ‘settlement’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
King among actors
DEFAMATION ACT
DEFAMATION ACT
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : variant of Murray.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sreshtha | à®·à¯à®°à¯‡à®·à¯à®Ÿ
The best in number & quality, Most Happy or prosperous
Girl/Female
British, English
The Lord Remembers
Boy/Male
Tamil
Golden Angel
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Pure; Clean
Girl/Female
French
Honest.
Female
Gypsy/Romani
 Possibly a Romani form of Arabic Taliba, TSHILABA means "seeker of knowledge."
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Wonders.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sarvamantra | ஸரà¯à®µà®®à®‚தà¯à®°
Swaroopavate possessor of all hymns
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Lord Vishnu
DEFAMATION ACT
DEFAMATION ACT
DEFAMATION ACT
DEFAMATION ACT
DEFAMATION ACT
n.
Evil name; bad reputation; defamation.
n.
The act of separating from impurities, as lees or dregs; purification.
n.
Fig.: A blackening; defamation.
n.
The act of making foul; pollution.
n.
The act of deforming, or state of anything deformed.
n.
Public declamation; oratory.
n.
Act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another; slander; detraction; calumny; aspersion.
n.
That which is lopped off, diminished, or abated.
v. i.
To spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against.
n.
A book of selections for declamation.
n.
Defedation.
n.
Pretentious rhetorical display, with more sound than sense; as, mere declamation.
n.
An abstraction of money, etc., by an officer or agent having it in trust; an embezzlement.
n.
Exaggerated declamation; rant.
a.
Containing defamation; injurious to reputation; calumnious; slanderous; as, defamatory words; defamatory writings.
n.
The act or art of declaiming; rhetorical delivery; haranguing; loud speaking in public; especially, the public recitation of speeches as an exercise in schools and colleges; as, the practice declamation by students.
n.
The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure; defamation; calumny.
n.
Transformation; change of shape.
n.
Formerly, defamation generally, whether oral or written; in modern usage, defamation by words spoken; utterance of false, malicious, and defamatory words, tending to the damage and derogation of another; calumny. See the Note under Defamation.
n.
The act or process of voiding excrement.