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Topics referred to by the same term
Counting problem may refer to: Enumeration Combinatorial enumeration Counting problem (complexity) This disambiguation page lists articles associated
Counting_problem
Finding the number of elements of a finite set
(bridge) Cardinal number Combinatorics Count data Counting (music) Counting problem (complexity) Counting sheep Counting-out game Developmental psychology
Counting
Type of computational problem
And in general, the counting problem corresponding to a decision problem X is called #X, where # is the number sign. Counting complexity techniques
Counting_problem_(complexity)
Problem a computer might be able to solve
prime factor of n. A counting problem asks for the number of solutions to a given search problem. For example, a counting problem associated with factoring
Computational_problem
Problem in statistical estimation
In the statistical theory of estimation, the German tank problem consists of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution from sampling without
German_tank_problem
Quantum algorithm for counting solutions to search problems
The Quantum counting algorithm is a quantum algorithm for efficiently counting the number of solutions for a given search problem. The algorithm is based
Quantum_counting_algorithm
Mathematical counting-out question
and mathematics, the Josephus problem (or Josephus permutation) is a theoretical problem related to a certain counting-out game. Such games are used to
Josephus_problem
Set of problems in computational complexity theory
complexity classes defined in terms of other types of problems (e.g. counting problems and function problems) and using other models of computation (e.g. probabilistic
Complexity_class
Complexity class
meaning that every other problem in #P has a polynomial-time Turing reduction or polynomial-time counting reduction to it. A counting reduction is a pair of
♯P-complete
Problem of finding the best feasible solution
decision problems, the problem is more naturally characterized as an optimization problem. Counting problem (complexity) – Type of computational problem Design
Optimization_problem
Accounting error wherein a transaction is counted more than once
necessarily create problems of double counting locally, but if we want to estimate world GDP, we may face double counting problems of some kind. Francois
Double_counting_(accounting)
Problem of finding a cycle through all vertices of a graph
inclusion–exclusion principle to reduce the problem of counting the number of Hamiltonian cycles to a simpler counting problem, of counting cycle covers, which can be
Hamiltonian_path_problem
Problem in computer science
computer science, the count-distinct problem (also known in applied mathematics as the cardinality estimation problem) is the problem of finding the number
Count-distinct_problem
American rock band
2025. Counting Crows: Have You Seen Me Lately?, Ringer Films, Shark Pig, June 5, 2025, retrieved December 18, 2025 "Counting Crows". IMDb. Counting Crows
Counting_Crows
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
integer k. #SAT, the problem of counting how many variable assignments satisfy a formula, is a counting problem, not a decision problem, and is #P-complete
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Decision problem in computer science
proved by reduction from the general variant; see partition problem. The analogous counting problem #SSP, which asks to enumerate the number of subsets summing
Subset_sum_problem
Children's method of selecting a person
A counting-out game or counting-out rhyme is a simple method of 'randomly' selecting a person from a group, often used by children for the purpose of
Counting-out_game
Yes/no problem in computer science
research. ALL (complexity) Computational problem Counting problem (complexity) Decidability (logic) – for the problem of deciding whether a formula is a consequence
Decision_problem
Unrelated vertices in graphs
unsolved problems in computer science The counting problem #IS asks, given an undirected graph, how many independent sets it contains. This problem is intractable
Independent set (graph theory)
Independent_set_(graph_theory)
Iranian mathematician (1977–2017)
geodesics for spherical surfaces. Mirzakhani solved this counting problem by relating it to the problem of computing volumes in moduli space—a space whose points
Maryam_Mirzakhani
Type of computational problem
FNP-complete problem it follows that N P = co-NP {\displaystyle \mathbf {NP} ={\textbf {co-NP}}} . Decision problem Search problem Counting problem (complexity)
Function_problem
Complexity class
the set of the counting problems associated with the decision problems in the set NP. More formally, #P is the class of function problems of the form "compute
♯P
Unsolved problem in computational complexity theory
as the answer. The problem of counting the number of isomorphisms between two graphs is polynomial-time equivalent to the problem of telling whether even
Graph_isomorphism_problem
Set of edges without common vertices
"Accelerating Simulated Annealing for the Permanent and Combinatorial Counting Problems". SIAM Journal on Computing. 37 (5): 1429–1454. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.80
Matching_(graph_theory)
Graphical aid for deriving some concepts in combinatorics
certain combinatorial theorems. It can be used to solve a variety of counting problems, such as how many ways there are to put n indistinguishable balls
Stars and bars (combinatorics)
Stars_and_bars_(combinatorics)
Class of computational problems
Unbounded search operator Decision problem Optimization problem Counting problem (complexity) Function problem Search games Luca Trevisan (2010), Stanford
Search_problem
The polynomial hierarchy is contained in probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time
instantaneous answers to any counting problem in #P (polynomial time relative to a #P oracle). Thus Toda's theorem implies that for any problem in the polynomial
Toda's_theorem
Mapping a graph onto itself without changing edge-vertex connectivity
automorphism (an automorphism that fixes no vertex) is NP-complete, and the problem of counting such automorphisms is ♯P-complete. While no worst-case polynomial-time
Graph_automorphism
In number theory, a limitation of sieve theory
problem refers to a limitation in sieve theory that prevents sieves from giving good estimates in many kinds of prime-counting problems. The problem was
Parity_problem
science, the Sharp Satisfiability Problem (sometimes called Sharp-SAT, #SAT or model counting) is the problem of counting the number of interpretations that
♯SAT
Unsolved problem in computer science
Unsolved problem in computer science If the solution to a problem can be checked in polynomial time, must the problem be solvable in polynomial time? More
P_versus_NP_problem
Process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from
Problem_solving
Recursive integer sequence
Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively defined objects. They are named after
Catalan_number
Optimization theory in computing
The approximate counting algorithm allows the counting of a large number of events using a small amount of memory. Invented in 1977 by Robert Morris of
Approximate counting algorithm
Approximate_counting_algorithm
Probability puzzle
The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal
Monty_Hall_problem
Sorting algorithm
Bucket sort may be used in lieu of counting sort, and entails a similar time analysis. However, compared to counting sort, bucket sort requires linked
Counting_sort
Comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa, the latest in a series
for official use. Despite these criticisms, most notably the under-counting problem, STATS SA rejected calls from academia and other researchers for a
2022_South_African_census
Systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets
classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets
Twelvefold_way
Algorithm for counting perfect matchings in planar graphs
to be perfect, counting them remains #P-complete even for planar graphs. The key idea of the FKT algorithm is to convert the problem into a Pfaffian
FKT_algorithm
Type of computational problem
Computational problem Decision problem Optimization problem Search problem Counting problem (complexity) Function problem TFNP "Promise problem". Complexity
Promise_problem
American sci-fi television series
3 Body Problem is an American science fiction television series created by David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, and Alexander Woo. It is the third adaptation of
3_Body_Problem_(TV_series)
Algorithm using holographic reduction
algorithms exist in the context of Holant problems, which generalize counting constraint satisfaction problems (#CSP). A #CSP instance is a hypergraph G=(V
Holographic_algorithm
Software resource tracking technique
Recycling: Reference Counts An On-the-Fly Reference-Counting Garbage Collector for Java, Yossi Levanoni and Erez Petrank Atomic Reference Counting Pointers: A
Reference_counting
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
used problems are decision problems. However, complexity classes can be defined based on function problems, counting problems, optimization problems, promise
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Probability of shared birthdays
In probability theory, the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, at least two will share the same birthday
Birthday_problem
Problem in geometry
JSTOR 27971890. Maier, Eugene (January 1988). "Counting Pizza Pieces and Other Combinatorial Problems". The Mathematics Teacher. 81 (1): 22–26. doi:10
Moser's_circle_problem
Topics referred to by the same term
Point counting may refer to A method to determine the proportion of components within a thin section, see Point counting (geology) A problem in the theory
Point_counting
Partially ordered set with alternatingly-related elements
André's problem of counting the number of different linear extensions has been studied since the 19th century. The solutions to this counting problem, the
Fence_(mathematics)
Type of approximation algorithm
PRAS is an algorithm which takes an instance of an optimization or counting problem and a parameter ε > 0 and, in polynomial time, produces a solution
Polynomial-time approximation scheme
Polynomial-time_approximation_scheme
Problem transformation for counting solutions
complexity theory of counting problems, a polynomial-time counting reduction is a type of reduction (a transformation from one problem to another) used to
Polynomial-time counting reduction
Polynomial-time_counting_reduction
Computer software bug occurring in 2038
The year 2038 problem (also known as Y2038, Y2K38, Y2K38 superbug, or the Epochalypse) is a time computing problem that leaves some computer systems unable
Year_2038_problem
Typographic symbol (#)
number sign may be used to denote the class of counting problems associated with any class of search problems. In Unicode and ASCII, the symbol has a code
Number_sign
Formula in number theory
nevertheless reduce the computation of the residue to a lattice point counting problem using the classical theory of real and complex embeddings and approximate
Class_number_formula
Notion in computational complexity theory
special case of a more general class of reductions for counting problems, the polynomial-time counting reductions. One common technique used in proving that
Parsimonious_reduction
Number of stacked spheres in a pyramid
They can be used to solve several other counting problems, including counting squares in a square grid and counting acute triangles formed from the vertices
Square_pyramidal_number
Summatory function of the divisor-counting function
lattice-point counting problem. Section F1 of Unsolved Problems in Number Theory surveys what is known and not known about these problems. In 1904, G.
Divisor_summatory_function
Inventory auditing procedure
operations to count all items simultaneously. By focusing on a subset of items, cycle counting is less disruptive to daily operations. Most cycle counting applications
Cycle_count
Probabilistic data structure
m is the number of counters in counting Bloom filter, which is expansion of m bits in Bloom filter. An empty counting Bloom filter is a m counters, all
Counting_Bloom_filter
Formula for number of orbits of a group action
Pólya, who then greatly popularized the result by applying it to many counting problems, in particular to the enumeration of chemical compounds. The Pólya
Pólya_enumeration_theorem
Children's paper-and-pencil game
school-aged children, which is theoretically related to the Josephus problem and other counting-out games. FLAMES or FLAME is an acronym for the possible outcomes
FLAMES_(game)
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Logic problem, AND of pairwise ORs
each other. #2SAT is the problem of counting the number of satisfying assignments to a given 2-CNF formula. This counting problem is #P-complete, which implies
2-satisfiability
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
In the theory of computational complexity, the travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances
Travelling_salesman_problem
Process of counting votes in an election
Vote counting is the process of counting votes in an election. It can be done manually or by machines. In the United States, the compilation of election
Vote_counting
On Schubert's enumerative calculus
introduced in the nineteenth century by Hermann Schubert to solve various counting problems of projective geometry (part of enumerative geometry). It was a precursor
Hilbert's_fifteenth_problem
Japanese computer scientist
theory, which states that every problem in the polynomial hierarchy has a polynomial-time Turing reduction to a counting problem. S. Toda Archived 2007-08-18
Seinosuke_Toda
Problem in combinatorial optimization
The knapsack problem is the following problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine which items
Knapsack_problem
Problems in mathematics concerning chessboard or the sport chess
interested in counting the total number of possible solutions, finding solutions with certain properties, as well as generalization of the problems to N×N or
Mathematical_chess_problem
Mathematical problem in operations research
In operations research, the cutting-stock problem is the problem of cutting standard-sized pieces of stock material, such as paper rolls or sheet metal
Cutting_stock_problem
Philosophical question
The problem of evil, also known as the problem of suffering, is the philosophical question of how to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering with
Problem_of_evil
Independent set which is not a subset of any other independent set
graphs. The counting problem associated to maximal independent sets has been investigated in computational complexity theory. The problem asks, given
Maximal_independent_set
Family of computing problems
#include <mutex> #include <semaphore> std::counting_semaphore<N> number_of_queueing_portions{0}; std::counting_semaphore<N> number_of_empty_positions{N};
Producer–consumer_problem
Election result probability theorem
probability that a random vote counting order has the desired property, one can instead compute the number of favourable counting orders, then divide by the
Bertrand's_ballot_theorem
Children's counting-out rhyme
this rhyme with the nonsense/counting first line have been collected since the 1820s. This is one of many variants of "counting out rhymes" collected by Bolton
Eeny,_meeny,_miny,_moe
Medical device used to count cells
haemocytometer, or Burker's chamber) is a counting-chamber device originally designed and usually used for counting blood cells. The hemocytometer was invented
Hemocytometer
British American computer scientist
utility in classifying counting or enumeration problems according to computational tractability. The first application was to counting matchings (the matrix
Leslie_Valiant
Computer bugs related to the year 2000
The term Year 2000 problem, or simply Y2K, refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and
Year_2000_problem
Shape with four equal sides and angles
lying on an evenly spaced grid and counting the number of squares required to cover the set. The method of box counting is used when the grid is finer. Mathematical
Square
Assignment problem in combinatorial mathematics
(1986), solutions to the ménage problem took the form of first finding all seating arrangements for the women and then counting, for each of these partial
Ménage_problem
Count of the possible partitions of a set
{\displaystyle B_{n}} also counts the different rhyme schemes for n {\displaystyle n} -line poems. As well as appearing in counting problems, these numbers have
Bell_number
Algebraic encoding of graph connectivity
originally studied in algebraic graph theory as a generalization of counting problems related to graph coloring and nowhere-zero flow, it contains several
Tutte_polynomial
Problem in probability theory
The problem of points, also called the problem of division of the stakes, is a classical problem in probability theory. One of the famous problems that
Problem_of_points
Variable used in a concurrent system
one resource at a time, as illustrated by the dining philosophers problem. Counting semaphores are equipped with two operations, historically denoted
Semaphore_(programming)
necklace-counting function Necklace splitting problem Alon, N.; Caro, Y.; Krasikov, I.; Roditty, Y. (1989). "Combinatorial reconstruction problems". J. Combin
Necklace_problem
In mathematics, constraint counting is counting the number of constraints in order to compare it with the number of variables, parameters, etc. that are
Constraint_counting
Triangular array of natural numbers
natural numbers, called the Narayana triangle, that occur in various counting problems. They are named after Canadian mathematician T. V. Narayana (1930–1987)
Narayana_number
Methodic assignment of colors to elements of a graph
Vertex coloring is often used to introduce graph coloring problems, since other coloring problems can be transformed into a vertex coloring instance. For
Graph_coloring
Estimation of crowd sizes
Crowd counting is the act of counting the total crowd present in a certain area. The people in a certain area are called a crowd. The most direct method
Crowd_counting
Area of combinatorics that deals with the number of ways certain patterns can be formed
patterns can be formed. Two examples of this type of problem are counting combinations and counting permutations. More generally, given an infinite collection
Enumerative_combinatorics
Thought experiment
In computing, the Two Generals' Problem (or Chinese Generals Problem) is a thought experiment meant to illustrate the pitfalls and design challenges of
Two_Generals'_Problem
Function representing the number of primes less than or equal to a given number
{\displaystyle \log _{e}(x)} . In mathematics, the prime-counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some
Prime-counting_function
Complexity class of problems
S2CID 226237505. Mathon, R. (1979). "A note on the graph isomorphism counting problem". Information Processing Letters. 8 (3): 131–132. doi:10.1016/0020-0190(79)90004-8
NP-intermediate
Branch of algebraic geometry
nineteenth century by Hermann Schubert in order to solve various counting problems of projective geometry and, as such, is viewed as part of enumerative
Schubert_calculus
Pairing where no unchosen pair prefers each other over their choice
mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable matching problem is the problem of finding a stable matching between two equally sized sets of elements
Stable_matching_problem
Mathematical constant used in combinatorics
16178049740086515288, ... Lieb's original motivation for studying this counting problem comes from statistical mechanics. In this area, the ice-type models
Lieb's_square_ice_constant
Problem in probability theory
In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following
Coupon_collector's_problem
Branch of algebraic geometry concerned with counting solutions
Dimension counting Bézout's theorem Schubert calculus, and more generally characteristic classes in cohomology The connection of counting intersections
Enumerative_geometry
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
Unsolved problem in mathematics For even numbers, divide by 2; For odd numbers, multiply by 3 and add 1. With enough repetition, do all positive integers
Collatz_conjecture
Formula for number of orbits of a group action
lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma, or the orbit-counting theorem, is a result in group theory that
Burnside's_lemma
Concept in the mathematics of paper folding
stamp folding are two problems of counting the number of ways that a piece of paper can be folded. In the stamp folding problem, the paper is a strip
Map_folding
COUNTING PROBLEM
COUNTING PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Ascension Mounting Rising
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from a short form of the personal name Cudbert (see Cuthbert).Americanized spelling of German Kötting or the variant Kotting (see Koetting).
Surname or Lastname
English (southern counties)
English (southern counties) : apparently a variant of Hapgood.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Telugu
Chanting
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Counting
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern counties)
English (eastern counties) : apparently a variant of German.
Surname or Lastname
English (southern counties)
English (southern counties) : nickname from Middle English ferette, fyrette ‘ferret’, literally ‘little thief’ (Old French fuiret, furet).
Surname or Lastname
English (southern counties)
English (southern counties) : from Middle English woderson ‘son of the woodman’.
Girl/Female
Indian
Chanting
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Chanting
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Ascension; Rising; Mounting
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name from Old English hunting, a derivative of huntian ‘to hunt’.
Surname or Lastname
English (northeastern counties)
English (northeastern counties) : unexplained. Compare Hedgepeth.
Surname or Lastname
English (southern counties)
English (southern counties) : from a Middle English personal name, a pet form of Peter. Compare Parrott.
Surname or Lastname
English (southern counties)
English (southern counties) : unexplained.German : patronymic form of Old 2.
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern counties)
English (eastern counties) : unexplained. Possibly a variant of Masset (see Massett).
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly northeastern counties)
English (mainly northeastern counties) : variant of Latham.
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern counties)
English (eastern counties) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Countess.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from some fancied resemblance to the songbird (Emberiza spp.).German : patronymic from an unexplained Frisian-Lower Saxon personal name, or a derivative of Bunt- (see Bunten).Sarah Bunting (1686–1762), born in Matlock, Derbyshire, became a noted Quaker minister in Cross Wicks, NJ. It is believed but not certain that other members of her family, including her father, John Bunting, came with her to NJ sometime before 1704, when her marriage to William Murfin is recorded.
COUNTING PROBLEM
COUNTING PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Muslim
Quality
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Potential
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Life; Vivaciousness; Living Prosperous; Youngest Wife of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Girl/Female
Biblical
Worshiping, burning, raised, crookedness.
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek, Spanish
Honest
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Rama with an Ax
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Blameless; Sinless
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Rich; Wealthy
Boy/Male
Indian
Beautiful, Handsome, Intelligent, Protected by Allah, Self confidence, Respectful
Girl/Female
Hindu
Brilliant, Queen
COUNTING PROBLEM
COUNTING PROBLEM
COUNTING PROBLEM
COUNTING PROBLEM
COUNTING PROBLEM
n.
measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained.
n.
Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural.
n.
A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting trade.
n.
That by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to advantage; equipment; embellishment; setting; as, the mounting of a sword or diamond.
a.
Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words.
n.
The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the sounding lead when it has touched bottom.
n.
A device or contrivance which serves to couple or connect adjacent parts or objects; as, a belt coupling, which connects the ends of a belt; a car coupling, which connects the cars in a train; a shaft coupling, which connects the ends of shafts.
a.
Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding words or titles.
n.
The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.
a.
Speaking in a whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue; a canting tone.
n.
A coupling pin. See under Coupling.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Count
n.
A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Court
n.
An erroneous counting.
n.
A coupling pin. See under Coupling.
n.
The act of one that mounts.
n.
A counting again, as of votes.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Mount