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Construct in algebraic geometry
In mathematics, the cotangent complex is a common generalisation of the cotangent sheaf, normal bundle and virtual tangent bundle of a map of geometric
Cotangent_complex
Mathematical object
{\text{Ext}}^{1}(\mathbf {L} _{X_{0}/k},{\mathcal {O}}_{X_{0}})} . Cotangent complex Schlessinger's theorem characteristic linear system of an algebraic
Kodaira–Spencer_map
homotopy equivalence in a suitable model category. The (relative) cotangent complex of an ( A ∙ , d ) {\displaystyle (A_{\bullet },d)} -differential graded
Derived_scheme
from the ring morphism. Deformation theory Cotangent complex Picard stack Illusie, Luc. Complexe Cotangent et Deformations I. pp. 151–168. Tangent Spaces
Exalcomm
French mathematician
work concerns the theory of the cotangent complex and deformations, crystalline cohomology and the De Rham–Witt complex, and logarithmic geometry. In 2012
Luc_Illusie
Functions of an angle
Their reciprocals are respectively the cosecant, the secant, and the cotangent functions, which are less commonly used. Each of these six trigonometric
Trigonometric_functions
In algebraic geometry, given a morphism f: X → S of schemes, the cotangent sheaf on X is the sheaf of O X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} -modules
Cotangent_sheaf
Hyperbolic analogues of trigonometric functions
derived: hyperbolic tangent "tanh" (/ˈtæŋ, ˈtæntʃ, ˈθæn/), hyperbolic cotangent "coth" (/ˈkɒθ, ˈkoʊθ/), hyperbolic secant "sech" (/ˈsɛtʃ, ˈʃɛk/), hyperbolic
Hyperbolic_functions
Vector bundle of cotangent spaces at every point in a manifold
especially differential geometry, the cotangent bundle of a smooth manifold is the vector bundle of all the cotangent spaces at every point in the manifold
Cotangent_bundle
Theory for associative algebras over rings
using a self-intersection from the diagonal, or more generally, the cotangent complex L X / S ∙ {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} _{X/S}^{\bullet }} since this
Hochschild_homology
Theory of cohomology for commutative rings
cohomology for commutative rings which is closely related to the cotangent complex. The first three cohomology groups were introduced by Stephen Lichtenbaum
André–Quillen_cohomology
Differential form in commutative algebra
cotangent sheaf can be computed from the sheafification of the cotangent module on the underlying graded algebra. For example, consider the complex curve
Kähler_differential
Inverse functions of sin, cos, tan, etc.
domains. Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, and are used to obtain an angle from
Inverse trigonometric functions
Inverse_trigonometric_functions
French mathematician (1928–2014)
Hakim [fr] (relative schemes and classifying topos), Luc Illusie (cotangent complex), Michel Raynaud, Michèle Raynaud, Jean-Louis Verdier (co-founder
Alexander_Grothendieck
Smooth manifold
complexified tangent and cotangent bundles. In both cases one demands that the direct sum of the subbundle and its complex conjugate yield the original
Almost_complex_manifold
Branch of mathematics
Exalcomm Cotangent complex Gromov–Witten invariant Moduli of algebraic curves Degeneration (algebraic geometry) Palamodov (1990). "Deformations of Complex Spaces"
Deformation_(mathematics)
Fundamental trigonometric functions
the ratio of the hypotenuse length to that of the adjacent side. The cotangent function is the ratio between the adjacent and opposite sides, a reciprocal
Sine_and_cosine
Circle with radius of one
fact, all six standard trigonometric functions – sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant, as well as archaic functions like versine and exsecant –
Unit_circle
X} . microlocal The notion microlocal refers to a consideration on the cotangent bundle to a space as opposed to that on the space itself. Explicitly,
Glossary of real and complex analysis
Glossary_of_real_and_complex_analysis
_{R}=\Omega _{Q(R)}^{1}\otimes _{Q(R)}^{L}R} is an R-module called the cotangent complex of R. It is functorial in R: each R → S gives rise to L R → L S {\displaystyle
Derived_tensor_product
and L X / Y {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} _{X/Y}} corresponds to the cotangent complex. Ext functor Derived category Deformation theory Kodaira–Spencer map
Yoneda_product
Concept in category theory
in groupoids. One notable example of this is in the study of the cotangent complex for local-complete intersections and in the study of exalcomm. Grothendieck
Fibred_category
Branch of mathematics
(or motivic homotopy theory) of singular algebraic varieties and cotangent complexes in deformation theory (cf. J. Francis), among the other applications
Derived_algebraic_geometry
French mathematician (1932–2024)
Discrete Groups and Renormalization. Springer. ISBN 9783540303084. Cotangent complex Dieudonné module MacMahon's master theorem "Pierre Cartier". Institute
Pierre Cartier (mathematician)
Pierre_Cartier_(mathematician)
Concept in string theory
genus g is the generating function of the genus g GW invariants. Cotangent complex – for deformation theory Schubert calculus Hori, Kentaro (2003). Mirror
Gromov–Witten_invariant
Type of manifold in differential geometry
abstract formulations of classical mechanics and analytical mechanics as the cotangent bundles of manifolds. For example, in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical
Symplectic_manifold
{\textbf {L}}_{X}} , where L X {\displaystyle {\textbf {L}}_{X}} is the cotangent complex of X, that induces an isomorphism on h 0 {\displaystyle h^{0}} and
Perfect_obstruction_theory
Mathematical conjecture
Hodge structures. Further, these integrals are actually computable. Cotangent complex Homotopy associative algebra Kuranishi structure Mirror symmetry (string
Mirror_symmetry_conjecture
Scheme in algebraic geometry
{\displaystyle k} . If L X {\displaystyle {\textbf {L}}_{X}} denotes the cotangent complex of X relative to k {\displaystyle k} , then the intrinsic normal bundle
Normal cone (algebraic geometry)
Normal_cone_(algebraic_geometry)
complex-valued one-forms d z j {\displaystyle dz^{j}} and d z ¯ j {\displaystyle d{\bar {z}}^{j}} provide the splitting of the complexified cotangent
Holomorphic_tangent_bundle
Branch of mathematics
full Bloch–Kato conjecture. Derived algebraic geometry Derivator Cotangent complex - one of the first objects discovered using homotopical algebra L∞
Homotopical_algebra
Manifold upon which it is possible to perform calculus
The cotangent space at a point is the dual of the tangent space at that point and the elements are referred to as cotangent vectors; the cotangent bundle
Differentiable_manifold
This last expression can be computed directly using the formula for the cotangent of a sum of angles whose tangents are t1, ..., tn−1 and its value will
List of trigonometric identities
List_of_trigonometric_identities
the cotangent space to the Riemann moduli space, or Teichmüller space. Each quadratic differential on a domain U {\displaystyle U} in the complex plane
Quadratic_differential
Mathematical functions related to Weierstrass's elliptic function
to that between the sine, cotangent, and squared cosecant functions: the logarithmic derivative of the sine is the cotangent, whose derivative is negative
Weierstrass_functions
Topos-theoretic version of a ringed space
has applications to deformation theory in algebraic geometry (cf. cotangent complex) and the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. In the latter
Ringed_topos
Type of Riemannian manifold
showed the more general statement that cotangent bundle T ∗ C P n {\displaystyle T^{*}\mathbb {CP} ^{n}} of any complex projective space has a complete hyperkähler
Hyperkähler_manifold
Principal square root of minus 1
Euler expressed the partial fraction decomposition of the trigonometric cotangent as π cot π z = 1 z + 1 z − 1 + 1 z + 1 + 1 z − 2 + 1 z + 2 + ⋯ . {\textstyle
Imaginary_unit
example is the cotangent complex for a local complete intersection scheme X {\displaystyle X} which is given by the two-term complex L X ∙ = i ∗ I /
Abelian_2-group
Property of a differential manifold that includes complex structures
vector field on M. The cotangent bundle of M, denoted T*, is the vector bundle over M whose sections are one-forms on M. In complex geometry one considers
Generalized_complex_structure
Assignment of vector fields to manifolds
I / I 2 {\displaystyle I/I^{2}} can be shown to be isomorphic to the cotangent space T x ∗ M {\displaystyle T_{x}^{*}M} through the use of Taylor's theorem
Tangent_space
graded of the conjugate filtration) and the exterior powers of the cotangent complex. Pierre Deligne; Luc Illusie (1987). "Relèvements modulo p2 et décomposition
Cartier_isomorphism
Y} is a any local complete intersection morphism of schemes, its cotangent complex L X / Y {\displaystyle L_{X/Y}} is perfect of Tor-amplitude [-1,0]
Regular_embedding
Elliptic differential operators in geometry mathematics
(Abstractly, it is a second order operator on each exterior power of the cotangent bundle.) This operator is defined on any manifold equipped with a Riemannian-
Laplace operators in differential geometry
Laplace_operators_in_differential_geometry
contravariant functor with values in Abelian groups. André–Quillen cohomology Cotangent complex H-space Quillen, Dan. "On the (co-) homology of commutative rings"
H-object
Mathematical functions
hyperbolic cosecant, inverse hyperbolic secant, and inverse hyperbolic cotangent. They are commonly denoted by the symbols for the hyperbolic functions
Inverse_hyperbolic_functions
mathematics Prove or disprove: Any closed exact Lagrangian submanifold of the cotangent bundle of a closed manifold is Hamiltonian isotopic to the zero section
Nearby_Lagrangian_conjecture
Algebraic structure in linear algebra
O. The cotangent bundle of a differentiable manifold consists, at every point of the manifold, of the dual of the tangent space, the cotangent space.
Vector_space
Theorem in algebraic geometry
K_{X}} to be the bundle of n-forms on X, the top exterior power of the cotangent bundle: K X = Ω X n = ⋀ n ( T ∗ X ) . {\displaystyle K_{X}=\Omega _{X}^{n}={\bigwedge
Serre_duality
Typically linear operator defined in terms of differentiation of functions
principal symbol is intrinsically defined (i.e., it is a function on the cotangent bundle). More generally, let E and F be vector bundles over a manifold
Differential_operator
Area of geometry, about angles and lengths
mathematician Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi produced the first table of cotangents. By the 10th century AD, in the work of Persian mathematician Abū al-Wafā'
Trigonometry
Mathematical result in differential geometry
coordinate charts, and is a function on the cotangent bundle of X, homogeneous of degree n on each cotangent space. (In general, differential operators
Atiyah–Singer_index_theorem
Technique in integral evaluation
\left|\cos x\right|+C\\&=\ln \left|\sec x\right|+C.\end{aligned}}} The cotangent function can be integrated similarly by expressing it as cot x = cos
Integration_by_substitution
Riemannian manifold with SU(n) holonomy
the fibers of the vector bundle. Using this, we can use the relative cotangent sequence 0 → p ∗ Ω C → Ω V → Ω V / C → 0 {\displaystyle 0\to p^{*}\Omega
Calabi–Yau_manifold
Mathematical concept
an n-manifold, considered as a 2n-manifold, has an almost complex structure, and the cotangent bundle of an n-manifold, considered as a 2n-manifold, has
Symplectic_vector_space
Mathematical manifold theory
extending (see Gramian matrix) the inner product induced by g from each cotangent fiber T p ∗ ( M ) {\displaystyle T_{p}^{*}(M)} to its k t h {\displaystyle
Hodge_theory
Space of possible positions for all objects in a physical system
the velocities of the points q ∈ Q {\displaystyle q\in Q} , while the cotangent space T ∗ Q {\displaystyle T^{*}Q} corresponds to momenta. (Velocities
Configuration_space_(physics)
Here π is the projection of the cotangent bundle T*M to M, and π* is the pullback of a vector bundle. Chain complex Atiyah, M. F.; Singer, I. M. (1968)
Elliptic_complex
Complex vector bundle on a complex manifold
examples are the holomorphic tangent bundle of a complex manifold, and its dual, the holomorphic cotangent bundle. A holomorphic line bundle is a rank one
Holomorphic_vector_bundle
Canonical differential form
mathematics, the tautological one-form is a special 1-form defined on the cotangent bundle T ∗ Q {\displaystyle T^{*}Q} of a manifold Q . {\displaystyle Q
Tautological_one-form
for all (complex) even dimensional smooth complete intersections in C P n {\displaystyle \mathbb {CP} ^{n}} . For example, consider the cotangent bundle
Atiyah–Hirzebruch spectral sequence
Atiyah–Hirzebruch_spectral_sequence
Triangle area in terms of side lengths
}{2}}\cot {\tfrac {\beta }{2}}\cot {\tfrac {\gamma }{2}}} , the triple cotangent identity, which applies because the sum of half-angles is α 2 + β 2 +
Heron's_formula
Number which when multiplied by x equals 1
The trigonometric functions are related by the reciprocal identity: the cotangent is the reciprocal of the tangent; the secant is the reciprocal of the
Multiplicative_inverse
inverse cosecant function. (Also written as arccsc.) arccot – inverse cotangent function. arccsc – inverse cosecant function. (Also written as arccosec
List of mathematical abbreviations
List_of_mathematical_abbreviations
Concept in algebraic geometry
{\displaystyle n} th exterior power of the cotangent bundle Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } on V {\displaystyle V} . Over the complex numbers, it is the determinant bundle
Canonical_bundle
Equation for radii of tangent circles
geodesic curvature of the circle relative to the sphere, which equals the cotangent of the oriented intrinsic radius ρ j . {\displaystyle \rho _{j}.} Then:
Descartes'_theorem
Space of all possible states that a system can take
phase space. More abstractly, in classical mechanics phase space is the cotangent bundle of configuration space, and in this interpretation the procedure
Phase_space
Differentiable manifold
characterized in terms of duality. Consider the line subbundle of the complex cotangent bundle annihilating V H 0 M = V ∗ = ( L ⊕ L ¯ ) ⊥ ⊂ T ∗ M ⊗ C . {\displaystyle
CR_manifold
Characteristic classes of vector bundles
0}dz_{i}-z_{i}dz_{0} \over z_{0}^{2}},\,i\geq 1.} In other words, the cotangent sheaf Ω C P n | U {\displaystyle \Omega _{\mathbb {C} \mathbb {P} ^{n}}|_{U}}
Chern_class
Parametrizes complex structures on a surface
differentials on a Riemann surface X {\displaystyle X} are identified with the cotangent space at ( X , f ) {\displaystyle (X,f)} to Teichmüller space. The Weil–Petersson
Teichmüller_space
Module over a sheaf of differential operators
the symbols, which in the good case is a Lagrangian submanifold of the cotangent bundle of maximal dimension (involutive systems). The techniques were
D-module
manifold Tensor analysis Tangent vector Tangent space Tangent bundle Cotangent space Cotangent bundle Tensor Tensor bundle Vector field Tensor field Differential
List of differential geometry topics
List_of_differential_geometry_topics
Mathematical notation based on the Arabic script
is used in some regions (e.g. Syria); Arabic for "tangent" is ظل ẓill Cotangent cot {\displaystyle \cot } طتا from طتا ṭāʾ (i.e. dotless ظ ẓāʾ)-tāʾ-ʾalif;
Modern Arabic mathematical notation
Modern_Arabic_mathematical_notation
French mathematician
Laudenbach, of the Arnold conjecture for Lagrangian intersections in cotangent bundles, as well as for introducing generating families in symplectic
Jean-Claude_Sikorav
Structure defining distance on a manifold
that g⊗ is regarded also as a section of the bundle T*M ⊗ T*M of the cotangent bundle T*M with itself. Since g is symmetric as a bilinear mapping, it
Metric_tensor
\beta \rangle } is the inner product on the exterior products of the cotangent space of X {\displaystyle X} induced by the Riemannian metric. Using this
Kähler_identities
Connected sum Connection Cotangent bundle – the vector bundle of cotangent spaces on a manifold. Cotangent space Covering Cusp CW-complex Dehn twist Diffeomorphism
Glossary of differential geometry and topology
Glossary_of_differential_geometry_and_topology
Branch of geometry
elements of M {\displaystyle M} can be identified with a quotient of the cotangent bundle T ∗ M {\displaystyle T^{*}M} (with the zero section 0 M {\displaystyle
Contact_geometry
Japanese mathematician
Geometry, Marcel Dekker, New York 1970 with Shigeru Ishihara: Tangent and cotangent bundles: differential geometry, New York, M. Dekker 1973 with Masahiro
Kentaro_Yano_(mathematician)
Concept in algebraic geometry
{I}}^{2}\to i^{*}\Omega _{X}\to \Omega _{Y}\to 0,} where Ω denotes a cotangent bundle. The determinant of this exact sequence is a natural isomorphism
Adjunction_formula
Expression that may be integrated over a region
a smooth section of the k {\displaystyle k} th exterior power of the cotangent bundle of M {\displaystyle M} . The set of all differential k {\displaystyle
Differential_form
stably free module is free of unique rank Hermite-Sobolev spaces Hermite's cotangent identity, a trigonometric identity Hermite's criterion Hermite's identity
List of things named after Charles Hermite
List_of_things_named_after_Charles_Hermite
Mathematical structure in differential geometry
-dimensional smooth manifold Q {\displaystyle Q} , and the phase space is its cotangent bundle T ∗ Q {\displaystyle T^{*}Q} (a manifold of dimension 2 n {\displaystyle
Poisson_manifold
Correspondsnce between Higgs bundles and fundamental group representations
structure on the cotangent bundle to the Jacobian. It is possible to define the notion of a principal G {\displaystyle G} -Higgs bundle for a complex reductive
Nonabelian Hodge correspondence
Nonabelian_Hodge_correspondence
Vector bundle of rank 1
{\displaystyle V} . This construction is in particular applied to the cotangent bundle of a smooth manifold. The resulting determinant bundle (more precisely
Line_bundle
Mapping between categories
T ∗ M ) {\displaystyle \Gamma {\mathord {\left(T^{*}M\right)}}} of a cotangent bundle T ∗ M {\displaystyle T^{*}M} —as "covariant". This terminology
Functor
In mathematics, a microdifferential operator is a linear operator on a cotangent bundle (phase space) that generalizes a differential operator and appears
Microdifferential_operator
Mathematical functions
hyperbolic lemniscate sine and cosine are analogous to the tangent and cotangent functions in a unit circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1}
Lemniscate_elliptic_functions
Partial differential equations whose solutions are instantons
Since X {\displaystyle X} is Riemannian, there is an inner product on the cotangent bundle, and combined with the invariant inner product on ad ( P ) {\displaystyle
Yang–Mills_equations
Smooth manifold with an inner product on each tangent space
d x 1 , … , d x n } {\displaystyle \{dx^{1},\ldots ,dx^{n}\}} of the cotangent bundle as g = ∑ i , j g i j d x i ⊗ d x j . {\displaystyle g=\sum _{i
Riemannian_manifold
Theorem of analytic continuations
analytic wave front set of a hyperfunction at each point is a cone in the cotangent space of that point, and can be thought of as describing the directions
Edge-of-the-wedge_theorem
vanishing at x, then the cotangent space at x is mx / mx2. The tangent space is (mx / mx2)*, the dual vector space to the cotangent space. Analytic mappings
Analytic_space
Mathematical concept
varieties and their cotangent bundles. In the 21st century, this approach evolved into a more general framework where the traditional cotangent bundle of the
Symplectic_resolution
Mathematical formula
mathematics, Hermite's cotangent identity is a trigonometric identity discovered by Charles Hermite. Suppose a1, ..., an are complex numbers, no two of which
Hermite's_cotangent_identity
Type of integrable system
geometry, the phase space of the system is a partial compactification of the cotangent bundle to the moduli space of stable G-bundles for some reductive group
Hitchin_system
Area where light is blocked by an object
day. The length of a shadow cast on the ground is proportional to the cotangent of the sun's elevation angle—its angle θ relative to the horizon. Near
Shadow
Critical point where a periodic solution arises
given by a Lie derivative defined on the tangent bundle. Because all cotangent bundles are always symplectic manifolds, it is common to formulate bifurcation
Hopf_bifurcation
Field of algebraic geometry
line bundle of n-forms KX = Ωn, which is the nth exterior power of the cotangent bundle of X. For an integer d, the dth tensor power of KX is again a line
Birational_geometry
Mathematical description of spacetime used in relativity
M and the cotangent spaces of M. At a point in M, the tangent and cotangent spaces are dual vector spaces (so the dimension of the cotangent space at an
Minkowski_spacetime
counter-example to the statement: Any closed exact Lagrangian submanifold of the cotangent bundle of a closed manifold is Hamiltonian isotopic to the zero section
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
COTANGENT COMPLEX
COTANGENT COMPLEX
Surname or Lastname
English (Midlands)
English (Midlands) : nickname for a dark-complexioned man, from Old English earp ‘swarthy’.Americanized spelling of German Erp.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dheekshit | தீகà¯à®·à®¿à®¤
Fair complexioned
Dheekshit | தீகà¯à®·à®¿à®¤
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the popular medieval personal name Hudde, which is of complex origin. It is usually explained as a pet form of Hugh, but there was a pre-existing Old English personal name, Hūda, underlying place names such as Huddington, Worcestershire. This personal name may well still have been in use at the time of the Norman Conquest. If so, it was absorbed by the Norman Hugh and its many diminutives. Reaney adduces evidence that Hudde was also regarded as a pet form of Richard.German : from a short form of a Germanic compound personal name formed with hut ‘guard’ as the first element.Variant spelling of German Hütt (see Huett).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name from Yiddish hut, German Hut ‘hat’ (see Huth).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Krishnasai | கà¯à®°à¯€à®·à¯à®¨à®¾à®¸à®¾à®ˆ
Dark complexioned, Lord Krishna, Name of a river
Krishnasai | கà¯à®°à¯€à®·à¯à®¨à®¾à®¸à®¾à®ˆ
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Grice.French (Grisé) : variant spelling of Griset, a nickname for someone with gray hair, a gray complexion, or perhaps one who habitually wore gray, from Old French gris ‘gray’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pandurang | பாஂடà¯à®°à®‚க
A deity, One with pale white complexion, Lord Vishnu
Pandurang | பாஂடà¯à®°à®‚க
Boy/Male
Tamil
Panduranga | பாநà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®‚கா
A deity, One with pale white complexion, Lord Vishnu
Panduranga | பாநà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®‚கா
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for someone with a complexion that was as ‘white as a lily’ (Middle English lilie).
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gourangi | கௌராஂகீ
Giver of happiness, One name of radhas name, Lord krishnas beloved, Fair complexioned
Gourangi | கௌராஂகீ
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pandurangan | பநà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®‚கந
A deity, One with pale white complexion, Lord Vishnu
Pandurangan | பநà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®‚கந
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English dūst ‘dust’, applied as a nickname, possibly for someone with a dusty complexion or hair (as, for example, a miller), or for a worthless person.North German : possibly a Westphalian habitational name from a farm named with dost ‘bush’, ‘brush’. However, the word also means ‘fine dust’, ‘flour’ and may have been applied as an occupational nickname for a miller. Compare 1.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname from the small medieval coin known as the häller or heller because it was first minted (in 1208) at the Swabian town of (Schwäbisch) Hall. Compare Hall.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name for someone from Schwäbisch Hall.German : topographic name for someone living by a field named as ‘hell’ (see Helle 3).English : topographic name for someone living on a hill, from southeastern Middle English hell + the habitational suffix -er.Dutch : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements hild ‘strife’ + hari, heri ‘army’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a person with fair hair or a light complexion, from an inflected form, used before a male personal name, of German hell ‘light’, ‘bright’, Yiddish hel.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gaurangi | கௌராஂகீ
Giver of happiness, One name of radhas name, Lord krishnas beloved, Fair complexioned
Gaurangi | கௌராஂகீ
Girl/Female
Tamil
Fair complexioned
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Duinn, Ó Doinn ‘descendant of Donn’, a byname meaning ‘brown-haired’ or ‘chieftain’.English : nickname for a man with dark hair or a swarthy complexion, from Middle English dunn ‘dark-colored’.Scottish : habitational name from Dun in Angus, named with Gaelic dùn ‘fort’.Scottish : nickname from Gaelic donn ‘brown’. Compare 1.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English gulle ‘gull’ or gul(le) (Old Norse gulr) ‘yellow’, ‘pale’ (of hair or complexion).Swiss German : nickname for an irascible or unreliable person, from an Alemannic form of Latin gallus ‘rooster’. See also Guell.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person with a ruddy complexion, from an adjective derivative of Middle English mad(d)er ‘madder’, the dye plant (see Mader 1), here used in a transferred sense.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Krishna Prabhu | கரஷà¯à®£ பà¯à®°à®ªà¯Â
Dark complexioned, Lord Krishna, Name of a river
Krishna Prabhu | கரஷà¯à®£ பà¯à®°à®ªà¯Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anekavarna | அநேகவாரநா
One who has many complexions
Anekavarna | அநேகவாரநா
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dheekshitha | தீகà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾Â
Fair complexioned
COTANGENT COMPLEX
COTANGENT COMPLEX
Girl/Female
Arabic
Decoration; Beauty
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vishaneika | விஷநேஇக
Girl/Female
Tamil
Neelakshi | நீலாகà¯à®·à¯€
Blue eyed
Boy/Male
German, Hindu, Indian
Brave
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Hindu, Indian, Romanian
Calm
Boy/Male
Indian
Husband.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Full of Joy; King of Universe
Girl/Female
Hindu
Flower creeper, Flower
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
God of Land
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Pashtun, Sindhi
A Truthful Person; Saint
COTANGENT COMPLEX
COTANGENT COMPLEX
COTANGENT COMPLEX
COTANGENT COMPLEX
COTANGENT COMPLEX
a.
Dependent on events; contingent.
n.
A logarithm of the cosine or cotangent.
a.
meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
n.
A line that touches a curve in two points.
v. t.
To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.
a.
Constituting an object of expectation; contingent.
a.
Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur; incidental; casual.
a.
Touching; touching at a single point
n.
That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a quota of troops.
a.
Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur; as, a contingent estate.
v. t.
A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See Trigonometrical function, under Function.
n.
The tangent of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust. of Functions.
a.
Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as, the success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he can not control.
a.
Possessing the property of touching at two points.
n.
An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency.
adv.
In a contingent manner; without design or foresight; accidentally.
n.
The tangent of half an arc.
n.
The state of being contingent; fortuitousness.
a.
Of or pertaining to a tangent; in the direction of a tangent.
adv.
In the direction of a tangent.