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1930s German Protestant movement
The Confessing Church (German: Bekennende Kirche, pronounced [bəˈkɛnəndə ˈkɪʁçə] ) was a movement within German Protestantism in Nazi Germany that arose
Confessing_Church
Christian denomination established in 2019
The Confessing Anglican Church (CAC) is a Christian denomination in the Convergence Movement. Established in 2019 and originally known as the Continuing
Confessing_Anglican_Church
German Protestant church body
Confessing pastors in the deanery. Confessing congregants elected synodals for a Confessing provincial synod as well as Confessing State synod (German: Provinzial-
Prussian_Union_of_Churches
Protestant Reich church
followed suit. The Confessing Church's executive together with the conference of the state brethren councils (representing the Confessing Church adherents within
German_Evangelical_Church
Conservative movement within Mainline Protestantism
those aligned with the Confessing Movement seek to retake Mainline Christian denominations, there are those in the Confessing Movement who eventually
Confessing_Movement
German Lutheran pastor and theologian (1906–1945)
theologian and anti-Nazi dissident who was a key founding member of the Confessing Church. His writings on Christianity's role in the secular world have become
Dietrich_Bonhoeffer
Group of Protestant churches in Germany
pro-government German Christians, and the Confessing Church, which opposed state control of the church. Other Protestant churches aligned themselves with one of
Evangelical_Church_in_Germany
Fellowship of Confessing Churches has identified the following as "Related Sites and Organizations" : "Forward Together (Scotland)" "Confessing Churches in Presbyterian
Fellowship of Confessing Churches
Fellowship_of_Confessing_Churches
German theologian (1892–1984)
concentration camp for his affiliation with the Confessing Church and his opposition to state involvement in Church. After the war, he went on tour around the
Martin_Niemöller
Film by Todd Komarnicki
Confessing Church, under Bonhoeffer's leadership, operated as an underground resistance movement against the Nazis. In reality, while the Confessing Church
Bonhoeffer_(film)
Statement and poem by Martin Niemöller
after World War II. Niemöller made confession in his speech for the Confessing Church in Frankfurt on 6 January 1946, of which there is a partial translation:
First_They_Came
Zentrumspartei Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), Confessing Church Klaus Bonhoeffer (1901–1945), Confessing Church Erwin Bowien (1899–1972), Painter and author
List of Germans who resisted Nazism
List_of_Germans_who_resisted_Nazism
theologian and journalist. Through his early involvement with the Confessing Church ("Bekennende Kirche") he came to wider prominence as an opponent of
Werner_Koch_(pastor)
Situation of the Christian churches in Germany during the Nazi period
different "church struggles": The internal dispute within German Protestantism between the German Christians (Deutsche Christen) and the Confessing Church (Bekennende
Kirchenkampf
Church from Germany's 28 existing Protestant churches. The plan failed, and was resisted by the Confessing Church. Persecution of the Catholic Church
Religion_in_Nazi_Germany
Swiss Protestant theologian (1886–1968)
his commentary The Epistle to the Romans, his involvement in the Confessing Church, including his authorship (except for a single phrase) of the Barmen
Karl_Barth
German Resistance fighter
1906, Schneidemühl – 13 August 1993, Berlin) was a member of the Confessing Church and of the German Resistance against National Socialism. Jacobs was
Helene_Jacobs
Communion of conservative Anglican churches
of Confessing Anglicans (branded as GAFCON or Gafcon after the Global Anglican Future Conference) is a communion of conservative Anglican churches aligned
Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans
Global_Fellowship_of_Confessing_Anglicans
Nazi movement which fused racial purity and Christianity
essentially failed, and it resulted in the formation of the dissident Confessing Church, whose members saw great danger to Germany from the "new religion"
Positive_Christianity
Nazi-era movement within the German Evangelical Church
initially 28 regional church bodies (Landeskirchen) in Germany and the attendant foundation of the opposing Confessing Church in 1934. Siegfried Leffler [de]
German_Christians_movement
Nazi involuntary euthanasia programme
sanatoriums, protested against the killings, being members of the Lutheran Confessing Church. The Holy See announced on 2 December 1940 that the policy was contrary
Aktion_T4
SS officer (1905–1945)
religious home within the Protestant Evangelical Church, he gravitated toward the Confessing Church, which formed itself around Pastor Martin Niemöller
Kurt_Gerstein
Opposition to Nazi Germany
The movement grew into the Confessing Church, from which some clergymen opposed the Nazi regime. By 1934, the Confessing Church had promulgated the Theological
German_resistance_to_Nazism
The Apostolic Constitutions (350–380) Barmen Declaration of Faith, Confessing Church (1934) World Evangelical Alliance Statement of Faith (1951) National
List_of_Christian_creeds
Religion of the Jewish people
for its persecution of Christian churches; many of them, such as the Protestant Confessing Church and the Catholic Church, as well as Quakers and Jehovah's
Judaism
German theologian (1883–1945)
the Aryan Paragraph into the Church. This controversy led to schism and the foundation of the competing Confessing Church, a situation that frustrated
Ludwig_Müller
British Anglican bishop and theologian
important international ally of the Confessing Church in Germany. In April 1933 he publicly expressed the international church's worries over the beginnings of
George_Bell_(bishop)
German graphic designer (1922–2015)
Jews survive during this time. He worked closely with members of the Confessing Church, including Franz Kaufmann and Helene Jacobs. He ultimately escaped
Cioma_Schönhaus
1934 declaration opposing Nazi ideology
the 'Confessing Church'. The ecumenical nature of the Declaration can be seen by its inclusion in the Book of Confessions of the Presbyterian Church (USA)
Barmen_Declaration
Protestant regional church
the Confessing Church he was involuntarily pensioned off in 1941, but ignored that, however, accepted only by the non-schismatic Confessing Church congregations
Evangelical Church Berlin - Brandenburg - Silesian Upper Lusatia
Evangelical_Church_Berlin_-_Brandenburg_-_Silesian_Upper_Lusatia
United Protestant member church of the Evangelical Church in Germany
the various opposing church groups merged in the Badischer Bekennerbund (i.e. Baden Covenant of Confessors), the Confessing Church branch in Baden, considering
Evangelical Regional Church in Baden
Evangelical_Regional_Church_in_Baden
German theologian
Jewish philosopher and theologian. One of the co-founders of the Confessing Church, he was forced to emigrate to England because of his Jewish ancestry
Hans_Ehrenberg
Church in Himmelpforten, Germany
the Confessing Church. German Christians in the presbyteries had often resigned or jumped ship so that the Nazis mostly gave up capturing the church from
St. Mary's Church, Himmelpforten
St._Mary's_Church,_Himmelpforten
Church building in Mitte, Germany
the official church body. Services and other meetings of Confessing Christians had to take place as private events, thus only true Confessing Christians
Capernaum_Church
multiple Jews in Operation 7. The Confessing Church in particular maintained objections to merging of the Protestant Church and Nazi state, resulting in some
Protestantism_in_Germany
German journalist and chaplain (1894–1946)
February 1946) was a German journalist, poet, and chaplain of the Confessing Church. Esther was the eldest daughter of four children of Adolph von Carlowitz
Esther_von_Kirchbach
Protestant church of a region in Germany or Switzerland
Landeskirchen, German: [ˈlandəsˌkɪʁçn̩] ) is the church of a region. The term usually refers to Protestant churches, but—in case of Switzerland—also Roman Catholic
Landeskirche
unified Protestant Reich Church under the Deutsche Christen Movement, but the attempt failed – resisted by the Confessing Church. In The Aryan Jesus: Christian
Religious views of Adolf Hitler
Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler
Protestant church in Tel Aviv, Israel
Protestant Confessing Churches, which paralleled in all destroyed Protestant church bodies the official German Christian-subjected church bodies, which
Immanuel_Church_(Tel_Aviv)
German state from 1933 to 1945
with the formation of the Confessing Church, from which some clergymen opposed the Nazi regime. When in 1935 the Confessing Church synod protested the Nazi
Nazi_Germany
German Protestant theologian and clergyman (1888–1966)
Church in Lübeck. In 1934 he was forced into early retirement by the Nazi government, and he subsequently became an active member of the Confessing Church
Wilhelm_Jannasch
Religious movement in Nazi Germany
"Confessing Church", which opposed the "German Christians" and swore allegiance to "God and scripture, not a worldly Führer." The Confessing Church moved
German_Faith_Movement
Season of television series
by the Church of England to preach forgiveness of the enemy, establish relations with the German church (such as the German Confessing Church), and accept
Foyle's_War_series_5
theologian. He came to prominence in the 1930s as a leader of the Confessing Church ("Bekennende Kirche"), which can be seen as a movement within German
Julius_Schniewind
German resistance member (1887–1943)
he opposed the Nazi-influenced "German Christians" and joined the Confessing Church. In 1942 he was arrested by the Gestapo, accused of "weakening the
Erich_Sack
Organization in Germany
dissenting Confessing Church movement, formed in May 1934 under the leadership of theologian Martin Niemöller, which resisted state interference into Church affairs
Reich Ministry for Church Affairs
Reich_Ministry_for_Church_Affairs
German Protestant (Lutheran) theologian and author (1908–1993)
was a well-known member of the Confessing Church movement, which resisted the regime's attempt to control the churches. He took over as the pastor of
Helmut_Gollwitzer
Concentration camp barracks
church. Pastor Martin Niemöller responded with the Pastors Emergency League which re-affirmed the Bible. The movement grew into the Confessing Church
Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp
Priest_Barracks_of_Dachau_Concentration_Camp
German theologian
the Confessing Church in 1934 because he believed it was improperly taking church authority for itself. In 1933, he became a professor of church history
Hermann_Sasse
Alfred Rosenberg to answer the Protestant criticism (mainly from the Confessing Church) of his 1930 The Myth of the Twentieth Century. It was also aimed
Protestantische_Rompilger
Opposition to Nazism
practical ways. The Confessing Church, led by Martin Niemöller and Dietrich Bonhoeffer, opposed the state's attempt to "Nazify" the church, while the papal
Anti-Nazism
One of the regional churches of the Protestant Church in Germany
July 1933. Nazi opponents, forming the Confessing Church, could act within the official bodies of the church. The prior name extension right of the Rhine
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria
Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria
German Christian pastor and resister of Nazism
was a German pastor, youth evangelist, writer and activist in the Confessing Church during the Nazi period in Germany. Wilhelm Busch was born in Elberfeld
Wilhelm_Busch_(pastor)
Protestant Wesleyan Christian denomination
conservative Confessing Movement. The denomination is headquartered in the United States and has a presence internationally. The Global Methodist Church was created
Global_Methodist_Church
Agronomist, lawyer, economist, and theologian
agronomist, lawyer, economist, and theologian. He was a member of both the Confessing Church and the "Freiburg Circle" during the Nazi era. Friedrich Carl Nicolaus
Constantin_von_Dietze
German resistance member
August 1893 – 24 April 1945) was a German lawyer, a member of the Confessing Church and a member of the German resistance against Nazism. The plotters
Hans_Koch_(lawyer)
President of Germany from 1999 to 2004
family was strongly Protestant. As a schoolboy, Rau was active in the Confessing Church, which resisted Nazism. Rau left school in 1949 and worked as a publisher
Johannes_Rau
for its persecution of Christian Churches; many of them, such as the Protestant Confessing Church and the Catholic Church, as well as Quakers and Jehovah's
Christianity_and_Judaism
German theologian
Non-Aryans", a memorandum that attempted to persuade those in the Confessing Church to stand against the persecution of Jews in 1930s Germany. She also
Elisabeth_Schmitz
Political symbol
Antifaschistische Aktion Black Band Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany Confessing Church Iron Front Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold Roter Frontkämpferbund Three
Three_Arrows
Christian denomination in New Zealand
formation of the church. The Church of Confessing Anglicans Aotearoa/New Zealand grew out of the New Zealand branch of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans
Church of Confessing Anglicans Aotearoa/New Zealand
Church_of_Confessing_Anglicans_Aotearoa/New_Zealand
German theologian (1915–1994)
Bekennende Kirche (Confessing Church). During his studies, he worked for the journal of the Confessing Church, Junge Kirche (Young Church). In an ideological
Kurt_Aland
agreements with the state Protestant churches in Germany, although the Confessing Church opposed the regime. Nazi breaches of the agreement began almost as
Criticism of the Catholic Church
Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church
German lawyer and judge
Preliminary Church Executive, a body organised by the Confessing Church as an alternative to the Nazi-submissive German Evangelical Church. He was also
Friedrich_Weißler
President of West Germany from 1969 to 1974
by the new church authorities who co-operated with the Nazis. Opposition against those German Christians came from the Confessing Church, and Heinemann
Gustav_Heinemann
Church in Alie Street, London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Confessing Church and supported several hundred persecuted Protestants who had to flee the German Reich because of their Jewish descent. The church retains
St George's German Lutheran Church
St_George's_German_Lutheran_Church
German theologian
and his contact with Dietrich Bonhoeffer as well as his work in the Confessing Church had an enduring influence on his thought. He completed his Doctor
Gerhard_Ebeling
German Reformed theologian (1926–2024)
followers of Karl Barth and theologians who were engaged with the Confessing Church in Germany. He received his doctorate, supervised by Otto Weber, in
Jürgen_Moltmann
Church in Germany
central church administration, assumed the leadership using the title church president. With the defeat of the Nazis in sight Confessing Church members
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia
Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Thuringia
German family
survived. Dietrich, as a Protestant theologian became a member of the Confessing Church, joined the German resistance to fight against the evils of Nazi Germany
Bonhoeffer_family
population being part of the Calvinist confessing Reformed Church and a quarter of Lutheran confessing Evangelical Church. In the second half of the 16th century
Religion_in_Hungary
National church of Scotland
within the church was begun "to declare their clear commitment to historic Christian orthodoxy", known as the Fellowship of Confessing Churches. In May 2011
Church_of_Scotland
German noblewoman
by the rise of National Socialism, becoming involved both with the Confessing Church and, after 1933, with (illegal) opposition to the Hitler government
Ruth_von_Kleist-Retzow
1934 by the Confessing congregation of Kaulsdorf. The information about Grüber's appointment spread among the adherents of the Confessing Church in neighbouring
Jesus Church, Berlin-Kaulsdorf
Jesus_Church,_Berlin-Kaulsdorf
German and Austrian regulations, 1885–1945
without protest, except within the Evangelical Church, where it provoked the splitting off of the Confessing Church. Ahnenpass Anti-Slavic sentiment Aryan certificate
Aryan_paragraph
Anglican realignment province
investigation. The Anglican Church in North America is a Confessing Anglican denomination, being a member of the Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans (GAFCON)
Anglican Church in North America
Anglican_Church_in_North_America
German theologian and pastor (1909-2000)
Seminary in Pomerania where Bonhoeffer taught in the name of Germany's Confessing Church (part of the anti-Nazi resistance). Bethge became Bonhoeffer's close
Eberhard_Bethge
German film and television actor
was Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran pastor and a co-founder of the Confessing Church, both of whom were executed by the Third Reich. His great-grandfather
Justus_von_Dohnányi
The Assembly of Confessing Congregations (ACC) was an evangelical or conservative Christian group, an expression of the Confessing Movement, within the
Assembly of Confessing Congregations (Uniting Church in Australia)
Assembly_of_Confessing_Congregations_(Uniting_Church_in_Australia)
Movement within Lutheranism
possession of the minds of men." Dietrich Bonhoeffer of the German Confessing Church framed the same characterization in less positive terms when he called
Pietism
German biologist, National Socialist, and geneticist (1896–1969)
congregation of the anti-Nazi pastor Otto Fricke, a leading member of the Confessing Church. He also maintained a close friendship with his relative, Adam von
Otmar_Freiherr_von_Verschuer
Acknowledgment of one's sins
advice on their spiritual development, confessing sins, and asking advice. Orthodox Christians tend to formally confess only to this individual, with their
Confession_(religion)
Authoritarian regime
eighty individuals who belonged to the Confessing Church, they owe them their lives. German Catholic churches went out of their way to protect Catholics
Right-wing_dictatorship
German economist
and was translated into English in 1954. Lösch was a member of the "Confessing Church" (Bekennende Kirche), a Protestant group that spoke out openly against
August_Lösch
Neighbourhood of Szczecin, Poland
Dietrich Bonhoeffer's illegal (after 1937) Theological Seminary of the Confessing Church between 1935 and 1937, and during World War II, the German Nazi government
Zdroje,_Szczecin
Jewish ancestry or who were adherents of the traditionalist Protestant Confessing Church ceased being considered "true" members of the Volksgemeinschaft. The
Catholic_Church_in_Scotland
Ilse Härter and Hannelotte Reiffen [de] were ordained in the German Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche), on 12 January 1943. 1944: Florence Li Tim Oi
Timeline of women's ordination
Timeline_of_women's_ordination
German evangelical theologian
leadership committee of the Confessing Church. Beckmann's central involvement in the establishment of the Confessing Church seems to have been triggered
Joachim_Beckmann
German scholarly publishing house
published the journal Junge Kirche ("Young Church"), the mouthpiece of the anti-Nazi Protestant movement Confessing Church. The periodical was shut down by the
Vandenhoeck_&_Ruprecht
German jurist (1905–1944)
but refused to join the Nazi Party. From 1933, he belonged to the Confessing Church. He had contacts with the Kreisau Circle, especially through Ulrich
Hans_Bernd_von_Haeften
opposition to the Nazis established the Confessing Church, a rival umbrella organization of independent German regional churches which was persecuted. While Nazi
Victims_of_Nazi_Germany
German judge
However, in 1934, he joined the Confessing Church and in 1935, was elected Praeses at the synod of the Confessing Church in Saxony. He was still able to
Lothar_Kreyssig
One of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church
or, if there is no opportunity of confessing to a priest, without confession, but with the intention of confessing when and if the opportunity arrives
Penance in the Catholic Church
Penance_in_the_Catholic_Church
German naval officer and businessman (1887–1976)
of the Confessing Church, organized in opposition to Nazi plans to unify all of Germany's Protestant churches into a single, national church. Loewenstein's
Karl_Loewenstein_(banker)
German paramilitary organization
Antifaschistische Aktion Black Band Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany Confessing Church Iron Front Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold Roter Frontkämpferbund Three
Iron_Front
German Lutheran theologian
state-sponsored German Evangelical Church (Deutsche Evangelische Kirche). She passed her Level I Confessing Church Theology Exams in 1936 and the Level
Ilse_Härter
German jurist and resistance member
In a subsequent post as legal advisor to the Bekennende Kirche (confessing church) he devoted himself to the resistance movement. On 17 May 1940 he
Martin_Gauger
Anti-fascist political activist movement
Pennsylvania by Matthew F. Hale, the head of the white supremacist group World Church of the Creator, resulting in a fight and 25 arrests. In 2007, Rose City
Antifa_(United_States)
German psychiatrist
she was, influenced by the theologian Karl Barth, a member of the Confessing Church, which actively opposed national socialism. She later became a member
Edda_Neele
German writer (1882–1954)
institutions and official figures. He spoke vehemently against the anti-Nazi Confessing Church of Martin Niemöller and Karl Barth, and defended the policy of Reich
Wilhelm_Stapel
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