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CARCINISATION

Carcinisation

Evolution of crustaceans into crab-like forms

Carcinisation (American English: carcinization) is a form of convergent evolution in which non-crab crustaceans evolve a crab-like body plan. The term

Carcinisation

Crab

Group of crustaceans

evolved multiple times from the ancestral decapod body plan through carcinisation, the process of creating this set of characteristics. As a group, they

Crab

Anomura

Infraorder of crustaceans

and porcelain crabs within the Anomura have independently undergone carcinisation, acquiring the armoured crab body plan with a concealed tail. It is

Anomura

King crab

Family of anomuran crustaceans

in king crabs and hermit crabs, making them a prominent example of carcinisation among decapods. Several species of king crabs, especially in Alaskan

King crab

King_crab

Porcelain crab

Family of crustaceans

Porcelain crabs are an example of convergent evolution commonly known as carcinisation, in which a decapod crustacean evolves to resemble a crab. As of 2018[update]

Porcelain crab

Porcelain_crab

Brachyura

Crustacean

evolved similar features to true crabs, making them good examples of carcinisation. Brachyuran crabs are often markedly sexually dimorphic. Males of many

Brachyura

Hairy stone crab

Species of crustacean

Aegla. It is clear, however, that Lomis represents a separate case of carcinisation. The name "Lomidae" may also be encountered, but is incorrect. McLaughlin

Hairy stone crab

Hairy_stone_crab

Polyphyly

Property of a group not united by common ancestry

property of "-phyly", which they assert applies only to groups of species. Carcinisation Convergent evolution Urry, Lisa A. (2016). Campbell Biology (11th ed

Polyphyly

Jurassic

Second period of the Mesozoic Era

early Pliensbachian of England, which lacked the crab-like morphology (carcinisation) of modern crabs, and Eoprosopon klugi from the late Pliensbachian of

Jurassic

Squat lobster

Decapod crustaceans in the infraorder Anomura

size, or entirely absent. In both sexes, the uropods are biramous. Carcinisation has previously been explored with regard to outer morphology; however

Squat lobster

Squat_lobster

Convergent evolution

Independent evolution of similar features

extinct species, but the genome will differ from the original species Carcinisation – Evolution of crustaceans into crab-like forms Contingency (evolutionary

Convergent evolution

Convergent_evolution

Lancelot Alexander Borradaile

English zoologist (1872–1945)

worked extensively on crabs and similar animals, and coined the term "carcinisation" to describe "one of the many attempts of Nature to evolve a crab".

Lancelot Alexander Borradaile

Lancelot_Alexander_Borradaile

Eocarcinus

Extinct genus of crustaceans

known stem-group crab, but that it had not undergone the process of carcinisation. Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009).

Eocarcinus

Porcellanopagurus

Genus of crustaceans

Borradaile interpreted Porcellanopagurus as being an independent instance of carcinisation among the Anomura. Porcellanopagurus contains the following species:

Porcellanopagurus

Allopetrolisthes spinifrons

Species of porcelain crab

of around 20 millimetres (0.79 in). It displays an extreme form of carcinisation – evolution of a crab-like form – referred to as "hypercarcinisation"

Allopetrolisthes spinifrons

Allopetrolisthes_spinifrons

Cretaceous crab revolution

Evolutionary diversification event during the Cretaceous period

powerful dimorphic claws, with the right being larger than the left. Carcinisation Luque, J.; Feldmann, R. M.; Vernygora, O.; Schweitzer, C. E.; Cameron

Cretaceous crab revolution

Cretaceous_crab_revolution

Platykotta

Extinct genus of crustaceans

true crab, but is now thought, like Platykotta, to show too little carcinisation to be a true crab, and is placed instead among the Anomura. Jérôme Chablais

Platykotta

Paralomis

Genus of king crabs

Paralomis has evolved a crab-like appearance through a process called carcinisation. Paralomis has either a pentagonal or pyriform carapace. At the very

Paralomis

List of examples of convergent evolution

Examples of separate lineages of organisms developing similar characteristics

whirling drumsticks halteres that are used like gyroscopes in flight. Carcinisation: a crustacean evolves into a crab-like form from a non-crab-like form

List of examples of convergent evolution

List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution