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Electrical production measure
The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy
Capacity_factor
installed capacity at the end of November 2025 was 21.5 GW, an increase of over 13% on the previous year. PV panels have a capacity factor of around 10%
Solar power in the United Kingdom
Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom
Registered sustainable power output of an industrial facility
sun on a clear summer day. Capacity factor measures the ratio of actual output over an extended period to nameplate capacity. Power plants with an output
Nameplate_capacity
Electrical power generation from wind
Wind farms sited offshore have less visual impact and have higher capacity factors, although they are generally more expensive. Offshore wind power currently
Wind_power
the capacity to install 200,000 MW at 50% capacity factor 100 m (330 ft)-high turbines. Texas, although not as windy, is larger, and has the capacity to
Wind generation potential in the United States
Wind_generation_potential_in_the_United_States
Measure of power plant productivity
availability factor is known as operational availability, A o {\displaystyle A_{o}} . The capacity factor of a plant includes numerous other factors which determine
Availability_factor
Topics referred to by the same term
container Capacity of a set, in Euclidean space, the total charge a set can hold while maintaining a given potential energy Capacity factor, the ratio
Capacity
Comparison of costs of different electricity generation sources
plants load following which reduces the capacity factor. Peaking power plants have particularly low capacity factors but make up for it by selling electricity
Cost_of_electricity_by_source
have if it had operated 24 hours a day for 365 days a year. This 18% capacity factor is low compared to other forms of generation, and is low compared to
OPG_7_commemorative_turbine
Canadian heavy water nuclear reactor design
capacity factor of 85% and Unit 2 with a capacity factor of 78%, As of 2010[update], refurbished units at Pickering and Bruce had lifetime capacity factors
CANDU_reactor
Capacity of soil to support loads
geotechnical engineering, bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground. The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average
Bearing_capacity
German Energy Agency LORC Offshore Renewables Map - Germany Capacity factors Capacity Factors windparks germany in 2019 Alpha Ventus BARD Engineering Archived
List of offshore wind farms in Germany
List_of_offshore_wind_farms_in_Germany
Average power divided by peak power
portal Availability factor Capacity factor Demand factor Diversity factor Utilization factor Watkins, G. P. (1915). "A Third Factor in the Variation of
Load_factor_(electrical)
Capacity credit (CC, also capacity value or de-rating factor) is the fraction of the installed capacity of a power plant which can be relied upon at a
Capacity_credit
Power generated from nuclear reactions
generating almost 800 TWh per year with an average capacity factor of 92%. The average global capacity factor is 89%. Most new reactors under construction are
Nuclear_power
Class of renewable energy sources
usable wind or high sun on a clear summer day. Capacity factor, average capacity factor, or load factor is the ratio of actual electrical generation over
Variable_renewable_energy
Decommissioned nuclear power plant in Ukraine
three other reactors remained operational post-accident maintaining a capacity factor between 60 and 70%. In total, units 1 and 3 had supplied 98 terawatt-hours
Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Power station in Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada
it is often among the most reliable plants in the world in terms of capacity factor. The plant completed a mid-life upgrade in February 2026. Room for
Darlington Nuclear Generating Station
Darlington_Nuclear_Generating_Station
Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
other factors. In the United Kingdom, seasonal capacity factor ranges from 2% (December) to 20% (July), with average annual output of 10–11% of capacity, while
Solar-cell_efficiency
Fraction of an analyte in chromatography
this context. However, in column chromatography, the retention factor or capacity factor (k) is defined as the ratio of time an analyte is retained in
Retardation_factor
Power station in Lewiston, New York
installed capacity of 2,525 MW (3,386,000 hp) with an average annual net generation of 15,897,000 MWh between 2014 and 2023, and a capacity factor of 71.9%
Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant
Robert_Moses_Niagara_Power_Plant
Continent
wind power was 22 GW, with average capacity factor of 58%. While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are areas in Northern
South_America
The capacity factor is the ratio of power actually produced divided by the nameplate capacity of the turbines. The overall average capacity factor for
Wind power in the United States
Wind_power_in_the_United_States
Renewable energy facility in North West England
The expected capacity factor for Scout Moor Wind Farm, calculated from the company's projected figures, is 27%. The actual capacity factor calculated from
Scout_Moor_Wind_Farm
Chart used in power engineering
and the width of each slice is a measure of the utilization rate or capacity factor. The product of the two is a measure of electrical energy (e.g. kilowatthours)
Load_duration_curve
Nuclear power plant in Karachi, Pakistan
lifetime availability capacity factor of 55.9%. In 1994, the nuclear power plant was exceptionally operated at 85.81% of capacity factor– the highest since
Karachi_Nuclear_Power_Complex
Solar park in Egypt
potential plant capacity factor of approximately 26%, i.e. the average capacity will be 26% of the nameplate capacity. If the planned capacity of 1.8 GW is
Benban_Solar_Park
Measure of equipment use efficiency
engineering, utilization factor, k u {\displaystyle k_{\text{u}}} , is the ratio of the maximum load which could be drawn to the rated capacity of the system. This
Utilization_factor
Measure of lifetime average net present cost of electricity generation
the plant when in reality for fossil fuel and nuclear plants, this "capacity factor" may decline as they are outcompeted by rising solar, wind, and battery
Levelized_cost_of_electricity
Gravity dam on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia
power generation of 16,153 GWh, corresponding to a plant load factor (or capacity factor) of 28.6%. The Francis turbines inside the power houses are installed
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam
Type of building foundation
conservatively taken as 1 N c {\displaystyle N_{c}} is the bearing capacity factor, which is numerically equal to 2 + π ≈ 5.14 {\displaystyle 2+\pi \approx
Shallow_foundation
Nuclear power plant in Romania
been for the economic factors at the time. It was commissioned and began operating at full power in 1996 and has had capacity factors of 90 percent since
Cernavodă_Nuclear_Power_Plant
wind power was 22 GW, with average capacity factor of 58%. While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are areas in Northern
Economy_of_Brazil
Topics referred to by the same term
within a data structure Load factor (electrical), the average power divided by the peak power over a period of time Capacity factor, the ratio of actual energy
Load_factor
August 2026, 427 reactors with a net capacity of 376,261 MWe were operational, and 72 reactors with net capacity of 66,190 MWe were under construction
Nuclear_power_by_country
Worldwide growth of photovoltaics
nameplate capacity. In order to have an estimate of the average power output, the capacity can be multiplied by a suitable capacity factor, which takes
Growth_of_photovoltaics
American nuclear energy company
Southern Nuclear's reliability has a current average three-year fleet capacity factor of 93.2 percent, exceeding the U.S. average of 91.2 percent for the
Southern_Nuclear
not until 1990 that the average capacity factor of US nuclear plants returned to the level of 1978. The capacity factor continued to rise, until 2001.
Nuclear power in the United States
Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States
small components of the total cost. The long service life and high capacity factor of nuclear power plants allow sufficient funds for ultimate plant decommissioning
Economics_of_nuclear_power
Region of the Americas
wind power was 22 GW, with average capacity factor of 58%. While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are areas in Northern
Latin_America
Solar park in the Emirate of Dubai
modules and generates about 28 GWh per year which corresponds to a capacity factor of 24.6%. The second phase is a 200 MWp photovoltaic plant built at
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park
Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum_Solar_Park
Refers to the fractional amount of some quantity
load}}{\text{Maximum load in given time period}}}} Capacity factor List of energy storage projects Diversity factor Utilization factor This article incorporates public
Demand_factor
load factor. In the fiscal year 2019–20, the total hydroelectric power generated in India was 156 TWh (excluding small hydro) with an average capacity factor
Hydroelectric_power_in_India
installed capacity of 7,079 MW. However, Grand Coulee Dam does not have the largest annual net generation due to a relatively low capacity factor. The power
List of largest power stations in the United States
List_of_largest_power_stations_in_the_United_States
Wind farm off the coast of Kent, England
projected capacity factor of 36.5% and an average power density of 3.1 W/m2. In 2012, the yearly production achieved was 821.68 GW·h, i.e. a capacity factor of
Thanet_Wind_Farm
power plants, the expected capacity factor is given in brackets. With the installed capacity known and the capacity factor given, one could do the math
List of power stations in Ethiopia
List_of_power_stations_in_Ethiopia
Belgian offshore wind farm in the North Sea
foundations for a nameplate capacity of 369.6 MW with a projected annual production of 1,394 GWh, corresponding to a capacity factor of 43.1% and the average
Norther_Offshore_Wind_Farm
Dam in Jammu and Kashmir
sustainability of the dam, which silted up in five years. It ran at 57% capacity factor. In May 2025, India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, and de-silted
Salal_Dam
Interconnected network for delivering electricity to consumers
lines. Lightning arresters Capacitors for power factor correction Synchronous condensers for power factor correction and grid stability Distribution is
Electrical_grid
Concentrated solar thermal power station in the Mojave Desert of California
000 MWh of electricity per year, based on its nameplate capacity and assumed capacity factor. In its second year of operation, Ivanpah's production of
Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility
renewable; 10.38% of overall), Capacity factor: 11.15%. Capacity as of 28 February 2025[update]. Generation and capacity factor as of 31 December 2024[update]
Solar_power_in_Poland
Indian Nuclear power plant
derated to 100MWe. But issues continued to occur. The unit had low-capacity factor, low availability and caused economic losses. Due to these issues and
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station
Rajasthan_Atomic_Power_Station
Oil field in Saudi Arabia
in China has a nameplate capacity approaching 8 GW with plans to ramp up to 20 GW. A 20 GW power plant at 100 % capacity factor could deliver 630.7 petajoules
Ghawar_Field
Nuclear power plant
1967 and officially entered service on 26 September 1968 with a 54% capacity factor. The plant made its first on-power fuelling (i.e. refuelling the reactor
Douglas Point Nuclear Generating Station
Douglas_Point_Nuclear_Generating_Station
Generation of electricity from offshore wind turbines
compared to onshore wind power is the higher capacity factor meaning that an installation of given nameplate capacity will produce more electricity at a site
Offshore_wind_power
Type of thermal power station
impacts. In India capacity factors are below 60%. In 2020 coal-fired power stations in the United States had an overall capacity factor of 40%; that is
Coal-fired_power_station
Theoretical design for a compact fusion reactor
remote manipulators. If realized, this could improve the reactor's capacity factor, an important metric in power generation costs. The first machine planned
ARC_fusion_reactor
In Euclidean space, a measure of that set's "size"
In mathematics, the capacity of a set in Euclidean space is a measure of the "size" of that set. Unlike, say, Lebesgue measure, which measures a set's
Capacity_of_a_set
Nuclear power plant located on Tennessee River, Alabama
2033. Unit 1 generated 9,801 GWh of electricity in 2017, achieving a capacity factor of 101.62%. On March 22, 1975, a fire started when a worker using a
Browns_Ferry_Nuclear_Plant
power capacity of 3,127 MW, which produced 23,810 TJ (6.6 TW·h) of energy, giving an actual average production of 755 MW at a capacity factor of 24%
Wind_power_in_Denmark
Photovoltaic power station in Tamil Nadu, India
35 TWh/yr may be possible. This corresponds to a capacity factor (or average power) of 24% of the peak capacity 648 MWp. Assuming a technical life time of 25
Kamuthi_Solar_Power_Project
Dam in Brittany
in 2010); thus the average output is approximately 57 MW, and the capacity factor is approximately 24%. The turbines are "bulb" Kaplan turbines, of nominal
Rance_Tidal_Power_Station
German offshore wind farm in the North Sea
highest registered capacity factor of 50.8% of most European offshore wind farms. This was exceeded in 2012 with a capacity factor of 55%,[failed verification]
Alpha Ventus Offshore Wind Farm
Alpha_Ventus_Offshore_Wind_Farm
Offshore wind farm off the coast of Norfolk, England
each using 4,100 kWh/yr. With a nameplate capacity (peak power) of 402 MW this corresponds to a capacity factor of 48%, or an average power of approximately
Dudgeon_Offshore_Wind_Farm
Process of balancing the supply of electricity on a network
utilization. Capacity factor is a measure of the output of a power plant compared to the maximum output it could produce. Capacity factor is often defined
Load_management
Overview of solar power in the U.S. state of Texas
summarize Texas's solar energy posture. Capacity factor for each year was computed from the end-of-year summer capacity. 2018 data is from Electric Power Monthly
Solar_power_in_Texas
of January 2025[update], wind power in the Netherlands has an installed capacity of 11,714 MW, 40.5% of which is offshore. In 2022, the wind turbines provided
Wind_power_in_the_Netherlands
generation increased only 5% in the same period, due to the lower capacity factors of renewable energy sources. In 2021, Germany exported 57,000 GWh of
Electricity_sector_in_Germany
Wind farm off Peterhead, Scotland
Certificates. In its first 5 years of operation the facility has averaged a capacity factor of 54%, sometimes in 10 meter waves. By shutting down at the worst
Hywind_Scotland
solar. Total solar capacity in gigawatts at the end of the year. Percent growth in solar capacity year-on-year. The solar capacity factor for that year, calculated
Solar_power_by_country
Pair of wind farms in the North Sea off Lincolnshire, England
Siemens Wind Power 3.6-107 turbines with a generating capacity of 194 MW. The capacity factor of the farm has been 31 to 36%. The Lynn wind farm and
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farms
Lynn_and_Inner_Dowsing_Wind_Farms
A government's ability to do things
risk factor for violence. Capacity-building Enforcement State (polity) State formation State building War Welfare Dincecco, Mark (2017). State Capacity and
State_capacity
Vehicle that uses a motor powered by stored compressed air
compressed. Thermal energy losses in the compressor and tankage reduce the capacity factor of compressed air systems. There have been several dubious claims with
Compressed-air_car
Overview of geothermal power in the United States of America
The Geysers has 1517 megawatt (MW) of active installed capacity with an average capacity factor of 63%. Calpine Corporation owns 15 of the 18 active plants
Geothermal energy in the United States
Geothermal_energy_in_the_United_States
Energy storage system using electrochemical secondary cells
greater redundancy and large overall capacity. By 2025, global power capacity was 267 GW with 610 GWh energy capacity. As of 2019, battery power storage
Battery_energy_storage_system
plants in China had a relatively low productivity with an average capacity factor of 31%, due to seasonal variability of rainfall, rapid construction
Hydroelectricity_in_China
Topics referred to by the same term
Cystic fibrosis, a hereditary multisystem autosomal recessive disease Capacity factor, a ratio of an actual electrical energy output of a power plant over
CF
total installed capacity was 18.9 GW, with average capacity factor of 58%. While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are
Energy_in_Brazil
Type of wind turbine
seemingly no wear. By 2016, the turbine had produced 50 GWh; an overall capacity factor of 41%. The turbine survived 40 m/s wind speed and 19 m waves and was
Floating_wind_turbine
Power plant that adjusts output based on demand
start-up and shut-down, construction cost, cost of electricity and capacity factor. Base load power plants are dispatchable plants that tend to operate
Load-following_power_plant
@ Plants 2018–2022 Capacity Factors @ Plants 2018–2022 Electric Energy Plant Comparisons 2022 (B kWh) Normalized for 1GW Capacity Fossil fuels—mainly
Electricity sector of the United States
Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States
Maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
support in long run. Population size decreases above carrying capacity due to a range of factors depending on the species concerned, but can include insufficient
Carrying_capacity
more continuously than most run-of-the-river hydro plants, with a capacity factor of approximately 55% and an estimated availability in excess of 99%
Sidney A. Murray Jr. Hydroelectric Station
Sidney_A._Murray_Jr._Hydroelectric_Station
Power generated by geothermal energy
wind or solar, its capacity factor can be quite large – up to 96% has been demonstrated. However the global average capacity factor was 74.5% in 2008,
Geothermal_power
Wind farm in Victoria, Australia
is on a 5,500 ha site which has an installed capacity of 420 megawatts (MW). Based on a capacity factor of around 35%, it is estimated that the long-term
Macarthur_Wind_Farm
~7 GW. Ethiopia plans to exploit these resources. Assuming an average capacity factor of 0.4, that would mean a total electricity production potential of
Energy_in_Ethiopia
Research reactor in Trombay, India
Smiling Buddha) nuclear test, the country's first nuclear test. At a capacity factor of 50–80%, CIRUS can produce 6.6–10.5 kg of plutonium a year. CIRUS
CIRUS_reactor
offshore. At the end of 2024, the total installed wind power nameplate capacity was 72.75 gigawatts (GW): 63.55 GW onshore (28,717 wind turbines) and 9
Wind_power_in_Germany
Device to generate electricity from wind
generator on a 30-meter (98 ft) tower. It was reported to have an annual capacity factor of 32 percent, not much different from current wind machines. In the
Wind_turbine
Photovoltaic power station Qinghai, China
and the amorphous ones are from Golden Sun Solar (GS-Solar). The capacity factor is expected to be 0.189. There are a total of 570 MW of solar parks
Qinghai_Golmud_Solar_Park
Nuclear power plant in California
2006, Unit One generated 9,944,983 MW·h of electricity, at a nominal capacity factor of 99.8 percent. Unit Two is a 1118 MWe pressurized water reactor supplied
Diablo_Canyon_Power_Plant
Nuclear energy facility in Washington, US
million megawatt hours of electricity for the regional power grid (95% capacity factor). In January 2014, the Public Power Council, representing Northwest
Columbia_Generating_Station
Electricity generated by hydropower
generation that was hydro, total hydro capacity in gigawatts, percent growth in hydro capacity, and the hydro capacity factor for that year. Data are sourced
Hydroelectricity
Use of geothermal energy for heating
Thermal efficiency is high since no energy conversion is needed, but capacity factors tend to be low (around 20%) since the heat is mostly needed in the
Geothermal_heating
Nuclear power plant in Pakistan
Since its commissioning in 2000, the reactor has been kept at 90.3% capacity factor, generating 2,335.5 GW-h of electricity as of 2019. The first reactor
Chashma_Nuclear_Power_Complex
Thermodynamic quantity
constant pressure (CP) to heat capacity at constant volume (CV). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by γ (gamma)
Heat_capacity_ratio
Wind farm in New South Wales, Australia
capacity factor of 35.8%, and thus generate on average 441 GWh of energy per year. However, from 2011 to 2020 it ran at an average of 27.88% capacity
Capital_Wind_Farm
period of time is determined by multiplying the capacity by the capacity factor. The capacity factor for solar photovoltaic units is largely a function
Solar power in the United States
Solar_power_in_the_United_States
Group of Danish offshore wind farms in the North Sea
Farm opened on 23 September 2010. For the year of 2012, HR2 reached a capacity factor of 52.0%. It receives 51.8 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours, paid
Horns_Rev_Offshore_Wind_Farm
Electricity from wind in one U.S. state
Thunder Spirit wind farm, completed in 2015, was expected to have a capacity factor greater than 45 percent. Ashtabula Langdon Luverne Tatanka Rugby Prairie
Wind_power_in_North_Dakota
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