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BMAL

Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1

Human protein and coding gene

chromosome 11, region p15.3. It's also known as MOP3, and, less commonly, bHLHe5, BMAL, BMAL1C, JAP3, PASD3, and TIC. BMAL1 encodes a transcription factor with

Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1

Basic_helix-loop-helix_ARNT-like_protein_1

CLOCK

Human protein and coding gene

mutants. The CLOCK-BMAL dimer is involved in regulation of other genes and feedback loops. An enzyme SIRT1 also binds to the CLOCK-BMAL complex and acts

CLOCK

Temporal feedback

protein product of which, REV-ERB, represses transcription of Bmal. The repression of BMAL in vivo prevents the transactivation of Per-Cry, thereby completing

Temporal feedback

Temporal_feedback

Basic helix–loop–helix

Protein structural motif

These proteins contain two additional PAS domains after the bHLH domain. AhR BMAL-1-CLOCK HIF NPAS1, NPAS3, MOP5 EMC HEY1 and HEY2 These proteins contain an

Basic helix–loop–helix

Basic_helix–loop–helix

BHLHE41

Protein-coding gene in humans

the Circadian clock. In the clock, the transcriptional factors Clock and Bmal form a heterodimer. This heterodimer binds to the E-Box promoter element

BHLHE41

E-box

DNA response element in some eukaryotes

PMID 7926781. Muñoz, Estela; Michelle Brewer; Ruben Baler (2006). "Modulation of BMAL/CLOCK/E-Box complex activity by a CT-rich cis-acting element". Molecular

E-box

Cryptochrome

Class of photoreceptors in plants and animals

section of the gene. It causes a delay by increasing the affinity of CLOCK and BMAL which in turn lengthens the period. This causes people with this mutation

Cryptochrome

TOC1 (gene)

Gene that regulates circadian rhythm in plants

positive elements CLOCK and BMAL to produce proteins that, when phosphorylated, act as negative elements to inhibit the CLOCK:BMAL complex from its activating

TOC1 (gene)

TOC1_(gene)

ARNTL2

Protein-coding gene in humans

bp) and distal (–680 to –675 bp) E-box enhancers of the PAI-1 promoter. BMAL 2 functions similarly to BMAL1, but a research study from 2009 found differences

ARNTL2

AVP gene

Gene

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). BMAL1 and CLOCK gene knockouts in the SCN (Bmal-/- and clk-/-) eliminate rhythmicity in AVP mRNA expression, confirming that

AVP gene

AVP_gene

Ueli Schibler

Swiss chronobiologist

expression of the circadian gene Bmal1 in both the SCN and peripheral tissues. BMAL-1, as a heterodimer with CLOCK activates the transcription of the components

Ueli Schibler

Ueli_Schibler

CIART

Transcriptional repressor protein

the Bmal/Clock dimer. However, some researchers, including Yu Yang and his team, report that CIART's repressive domain, which downregulates Bmal/Clock

CIART

Period circadian protein homolog 1

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

heterodimer which translocates into the nucleus. There it inhibits CLOCK-BMAL activation. PER1 is not necessary for the creation circadian rhythms, but

Period circadian protein homolog 1

Period_circadian_protein_homolog_1

Joseph Takahashi

American medical investigator (born 1951)

the circadian cycle of Clock-Bmal activating the transcription of Cry1, 2, and Per proteins which represses Clock-Bmal transcription creating daily cycling

Joseph Takahashi

Joseph_Takahashi

PAS domain

Protein domain

mammalian genes contain PAS binding domains: Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Bmal, Clk, Pasd1. Within Mammals, both PAS domains play important roles. PAS A

PAS domain

PAS_domain

Food-entrainable oscillator

times of the day. A frequent circadian timekeeping mechanism involves CLOCK/BMAL genes, cryptochrome/period genes, and a transcription/translation feedback

Food-entrainable oscillator

Food-entrainable_oscillator

White Collar-2

Protein in Neurospora crassa

light-induced mechanisms in Neurospora crassa. WC-1 and WC-2 are analogous to Bmal and Clock proteins in the Mouse and Drosophila circadian systems in their

White Collar-2

White_Collar-2

Timeless (gene)

Gene

This protein also interacts with the products of major clock genes CLOCK, BMAL, PER1, PER2 and PER3. Sancar and colleagues investigated whether hTIM played

Timeless (gene)

Timeless_(gene)

Cycle (gene)

Gene regulating Sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms

PMID 22570630. Wang H (May 2009). "Comparative genomic analysis of teleost fish BMAL genes". Genetica. 136 (1): 149–61. doi:10.1007/s10709-008-9328-9. PMID 18850331

Cycle (gene)