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BIOTIC INTERCHANGE

  • Great American Interchange
  • Paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama

    The Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), also known as the Great American Interchange and the Great American Faunal Interchange, was an important

    Great American Interchange

    Great American Interchange

    Great_American_Interchange

  • Biotic interchange
  • Biogeography process

    Biotic interchange is the process by which species from one biota invade another biota, usually due to the disappearance of a previously impassable barrier

    Biotic interchange

    Biotic_interchange

  • Land bridge
  • Connection between two landform bodies

    whose appearance three million years ago allowed the Great American Biotic Interchange between North America and South America The Sinai Peninsula, linking

    Land bridge

    Land bridge

    Land_bridge

  • Saber-toothed predator
  • Group of extinct animals

    Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 468–478. Bibcode:2011JVPal

    Saber-toothed predator

    Saber-toothed predator

    Saber-toothed_predator

  • Gomphotherium land bridge
  • Prehistoric biogeographic connection

    of the land bridge led to an important biotic interchange event known as the Great Old World Biotic Interchange (GOWBI) or the Proboscidean Datum Event

    Gomphotherium land bridge

    Gomphotherium_land_bridge

  • Glyptotherium
  • Extinct genus of xenarthran mammals

    American biotic interchange: a South American perspective (p. 97). Dordrecht: Springer. Woodburne, Michael O. (2010-12-01). "The Great American Biotic Interchange:

    Glyptotherium

    Glyptotherium

    Glyptotherium

  • Titanis
  • Extinct genus of birds

    ISBN 978-1-119-99047-5. Morgan, Gary (2005). "The Great American Biotic Interchange in Florida". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 45

    Titanis

    Titanis

    Titanis

  • Arctodus
  • Extinct genus of bears

    Quaternary glaciation, and the second phase of the great American biotic interchange, with the first records of the main South American faunal wave into

    Arctodus

    Arctodus

    Arctodus

  • Phorusrhacidae
  • Extinct family of flightless birds

    PMID 16096087. Woodburne, M. O. (2010-07-14). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Phorusrhacidae

    Phorusrhacidae

    Phorusrhacidae

  • Isthmus of Panama
  • Narrow landstrip in Panama

    and the connection between the American continents allowed for the interchange of terrestrial life. The formation of the isthmus fundamentally changed

    Isthmus of Panama

    Isthmus of Panama

    Isthmus_of_Panama

  • Armadillo
  • Placental mammals in the order Cingulata

    S2CID 234062118. Woodburne, M. O. (14 July 2010). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Armadillo

    Armadillo

    Armadillo

  • Ensenadan
  • Period of geologic time (1.95–0.4 Ma) during the Early and Middle Pleistocene

    Ensenadan faunal stage saw the intensification of the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), with the first records of Nearctic origin fauna such as deer

    Ensenadan

    Ensenadan

  • Tibetan Plateau
  • Plateau in Central, South and East Asia

    subtropical lowlands until the latest Oligocene or Early Miocene, enabling biotic interchange across Tibet. The age of east–west grabens in the Lhasa and Himalaya

    Tibetan Plateau

    Tibetan Plateau

    Tibetan_Plateau

  • Procyonidae
  • Family of mammals

    PMID 17174109. Woodburne, M. O. (14 July 2010). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Procyonidae

    Procyonidae

    Procyonidae

  • Thylacosmilus
  • Extinct genus of mammals

    2015). "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern

    Thylacosmilus

    Thylacosmilus

    Thylacosmilus

  • South American native ungulates
  • Extinct clade of mammals

    is now Texas during the Pleistocene as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange. The relationships of SANUs to living mammals has been historically

    South American native ungulates

    South American native ungulates

    South_American_native_ungulates

  • Xenosmilus
  • Extinct genus of sabertooth cat

    Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 468–478. Bibcode:2011JVPal

    Xenosmilus

    Xenosmilus

    Xenosmilus

  • Spectacled bear
  • Species of mammal

    the Panama Land Bridge, and the second phase of the Great American Biotic Interchange, with the first records of the main South American faunal wave into

    Spectacled bear

    Spectacled bear

    Spectacled_bear

  • Xenarthra
  • Superorder of mammals including anteaters, sloths, and armadillos

    S2CID 206544776. Woodburne, Michael O. (2010). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Xenarthra

    Xenarthra

    Xenarthra

  • Lycopsis
  • Extinct marsupial-like mammal

    (2015). "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern

    Lycopsis

    Lycopsis

    Lycopsis

  • Tapir
  • Herbivorous mammal

    into South America during Pleistocene as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange with their oldest records on the continent dating to around 2.6-1

    Tapir

    Tapir

    Tapir

  • Homotherium
  • Extinct genus of sabertooth cat

    Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 468–478. Bibcode:2011JVPal

    Homotherium

    Homotherium

    Homotherium

  • Arctotherium
  • Extinct genus of bears

    ursids are believed to have been part of the second phase of the Great Biotic Interchange, which is believed to have begun 1.8Ma. A. angustidens remains have

    Arctotherium

    Arctotherium

    Arctotherium

  • Hemiauchenia
  • Extinct genus of camelids

    about three to two million years ago, as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange. The genus became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. The monophyly

    Hemiauchenia

    Hemiauchenia

    Hemiauchenia

  • Sparassodonta
  • Extinct order of mammals

    (2015). "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern

    Sparassodonta

    Sparassodonta

    Sparassodonta

  • Virginia opossum
  • Species of North American marsupial

    ISBN 978-1-4214-1149-1. Woodburne, M.O. (2010-07-14). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Virginia opossum

    Virginia opossum

    Virginia_opossum

  • Felidae
  • Family of mammals

    ISSN 1867-1594. David Webb, S. (2006-08-23). "THE GREAT AMERICAN BIOTIC INTERCHANGE: PATTERNS AND PROCESSES1". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

    Felidae

    Felidae

    Felidae

  • Capuchin monkey
  • Subfamily of New World monkeys

    (2016). "First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange". Nature. 533 (7602): 243–246. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..243B. doi:10

    Capuchin monkey

    Capuchin monkey

    Capuchin_monkey

  • Beringia
  • Geographical region of Asia and North America currently partly submerged

    Ya-Ping; Hillis, David M; Li, Jia-Tang (15 March 2019). "Asymmetric biotic interchange across the Bering land bridge between Eurasia and North America".

    Beringia

    Beringia

    Beringia

  • Notiomastodon
  • Extinct genus of gomphothere elephantimorph native to South America

    mammals to reach South America from the north before the Great American Biotic Interchange, which would only begin about six million years later. Additionally

    Notiomastodon

    Notiomastodon

    Notiomastodon

  • Cambay amber
  • Amber deposits in India

    Asia undoubtedly causing significant biotic interchange between both landmasses with India acting as a “biotic ferry”. This means that the Cambrey amber

    Cambay amber

    Cambay amber

    Cambay_amber

  • Macrauchenia
  • Extinct genus of camel-like ungulate

    "Temperature changes affected mammal dispersal during the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 31 (2). doi:10.1007/s10914-024-09717-4

    Macrauchenia

    Macrauchenia

    Macrauchenia

  • Smilodon
  • Extinct genus of saber-toothed cat

    Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 468–478. Bibcode:2011JVPal

    Smilodon

    Smilodon

    Smilodon

  • Chapalmalania
  • Extinct genus of procyonid mammals from South America

    Marcelo R. (17 September 2014). "Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics" (PDF). Naturwissenschaften

    Chapalmalania

    Chapalmalania

    Chapalmalania

  • List of megafauna discovered in modern times
  • List of large animals discovered or rediscovered in modern times

    Farina; Sergio F. Vizcaino; Gerry De Iuliis (2013). "The Great American Biotic Interchange". Megafauna: Giant Beasts of Pleistocene South America. Indiana University

    List of megafauna discovered in modern times

    List_of_megafauna_discovered_in_modern_times

  • Tremarctos floridanus
  • Extinct species of bear

    the Panama Land Bridge, and the second phase of the Great American Biotic Interchange, with the first records of the main South American faunal wave into

    Tremarctos floridanus

    Tremarctos floridanus

    Tremarctos_floridanus

  • Mastodon
  • Extinct genus of proboscideans

    Oscar (2017). "Increased xenarthran diversity of the Great American Biotic Interchange: a new genus and species of ground sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae)

    Mastodon

    Mastodon

    Mastodon

  • Doedicurus
  • Extinct genus of glyptodont

    hdl:11336/2663. S2CID 15751319. Woodburne, M. O. (2010). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Doedicurus

    Doedicurus

    Doedicurus

  • Gomphothere
  • Extinct family of proboscidean mammals

    around or after 2.5 million years ago as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange due to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, becoming widespread

    Gomphothere

    Gomphothere

    Gomphothere

  • Tremarctinae
  • Subfamily of bears

    (May 2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190148. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148. ISSN 1744-9561

    Tremarctinae

    Tremarctinae

    Tremarctinae

  • Ailanthus
  • Genus of flowering trees

    1086/386378. JSTOR 10.1086/386378. S2CID 85383552. Jia Liu; Tao Su (2019). "Biotic interchange through lowlands of Tibetan Plateau suture zones during Paleogene"

    Ailanthus

    Ailanthus

    Ailanthus

  • Late Pleistocene extinctions
  • Extinction of large animals at the end of the last Ice Age

    May 2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190148. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148. PMC 6548739

    Late Pleistocene extinctions

    Late Pleistocene extinctions

    Late_Pleistocene_extinctions

  • Panthera
  • Genus within Felidae

    Erreguerena (2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190148. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148. PMC 6548739

    Panthera

    Panthera

    Panthera

  • Hippidion
  • Extinct genus of mammals

    transition, around 2.5 million years ago as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange, following the formation of the Isthmus of Panama connecting North

    Hippidion

    Hippidion

    Hippidion

  • Cingulata
  • Order of armored mammals from the Americas

    Retrieved 2013-06-15. Woodburne, M. O. (2010-07-14). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Cingulata

    Cingulata

    Cingulata

  • Thylacosmilidae
  • Extinct family of mammals

    American mammalian predators that lived prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange, these animals belonged to the order Sparassodonta, which occupied

    Thylacosmilidae

    Thylacosmilidae

    Thylacosmilidae

  • Falkland Islands wolf
  • Extinct species of dog-like carnivore

    years ago in a paleozoogeographical event called the Great American Biotic Interchange, in which the continents of North and South America were newly connected

    Falkland Islands wolf

    Falkland Islands wolf

    Falkland_Islands_wolf

  • Kelenken
  • Extinct genus of birds

    North America at the end of the Pliocene, during the Great American Biotic Interchange, and while fossils from Europe have been assigned to the group, their

    Kelenken

    Kelenken

    Kelenken

  • Marplatan
  • Period of geologic time (3.3–2 Ma) within the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs

    Marcelo R. (2014). "Neotropical mammal diversity and the Great American Biotic Interchange: spatial and temporal variation in South America's fossil record"

    Marplatan

    Marplatan

  • Phorusrhacos
  • Extinct genus of birds

    Pleistocene. They dispersed into North America during the Great American Biotic Interchange (~3 Ma). Some remains from Africa and Europe and the Paleocene of

    Phorusrhacos

    Phorusrhacos

    Phorusrhacos

  • Insular India
  • Isolated land mass which became the Indian subcontinent

    Robert J.; Plath, Martin; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Li, Jia-Tang (Jul 2016). "Biotic interchange between the Indian subcontinent and mainland Asia through time". Nat

    Insular India

    Insular India

    Insular_India

  • Pantherinae
  • Subfamily of felids

    L. (2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190148. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148. PMC 6548739

    Pantherinae

    Pantherinae

    Pantherinae

  • Paramylodon
  • Extinct genus of ground sloths from North America

    Morgan: Vertebrate fauna and geochronology of the Great American Biotic Interchange in North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin

    Paramylodon

    Paramylodon

    Paramylodon

  • Homotherini
  • Extinct tribe of carnivores

    Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 468–478. doi:10.1080/02724634

    Homotherini

    Homotherini

    Homotherini

  • Latin America
  • Region of the Americas

    the troposphere. The Great American Interchange was an important late Cenozoic paleozoogeographic biotic interchange event in which land and freshwater

    Latin America

    Latin America

    Latin_America

  • Richard L. Cifelli
  • American biologist and vertebrate paleontologist

    extinction. In F. Stehli & S. D. Webb (Eds.), *The Great American Biotic Interchange* (pp. 249–266). New York: Plenum Press. Cifelli, R. L., Kirkland,

    Richard L. Cifelli

    Richard_L._Cifelli

  • South American land mammal age
  • Geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna

    formed near the end of this interval, leading to the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). 3 Ma to present – Uquian to Holocene - the land connection

    South American land mammal age

    South_American_land_mammal_age

  • Devincenzia
  • Extinct genus of birds

    also appeared in North America probably due to the Great American Biotic Interchange, and while there are records from Europe, these are disputed. It is

    Devincenzia

    Devincenzia

    Devincenzia

  • List of birds of Costa Rica
  • Montalvo; D. Sanz-Pérez; M. Teresa Alberdi (2020). "The Great American Biotic Interchange revisited: a new perspective from the stable isotope record of Argentine

    List of birds of Costa Rica

    List of birds of Costa Rica

    List_of_birds_of_Costa_Rica

  • Secernosaurus
  • Extinct genus of dinosaurs

    between North and South America during the Late Cretaceous and allowed biotic interchange between the two continents. The holotype of Secernosaurus koeneri

    Secernosaurus

    Secernosaurus

    Secernosaurus

  • Panthera balamoides
  • Extinct species of carnivore

    Erreguerena (2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190148. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148. PMC 6548739

    Panthera balamoides

    Panthera balamoides

    Panthera_balamoides

  • Palaeolama
  • Extinct genus of mammals

    paleobiologists on the dispersal of Palaeolama during the Great American Biotic Interchange. Also, some evidence suggests a move to northern South America during

    Palaeolama

    Palaeolama

    Palaeolama

  • Allopatric speciation
  • Speciation that occurs between geographically isolated populations

    American biotic interchange) occurring in three major pulses, to and from North and South America. Further, the changes in terrestrial biotic distributions

    Allopatric speciation

    Allopatric_speciation

  • Cerro Azul Formation
  • Geological formation in Argentina

    Marcelo R. (2015), "Neotropical mammal diversity and the Great American Biotic Interchange: spatial and temporal variation in South America's fossil record"

    Cerro Azul Formation

    Cerro Azul Formation

    Cerro_Azul_Formation

  • Tremarctos
  • Genus of bears

    the Panama Land Bridge, and the second phase of the Great American Biotic Interchange, with the first records of the main South American faunal wave into

    Tremarctos

    Tremarctos

    Tremarctos

  • Nothrotheriops
  • Extinct genus of ground sloths

    implications for the dispersion of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange". Boreas. 48 (4): 879. Bibcode:2019Borea..48..879B. doi:10.1111/bor

    Nothrotheriops

    Nothrotheriops

    Nothrotheriops

  • List of South American species extinct in the Holocene
  • L. (2019). Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange. Biology Letters, 15(5), 20190148. Rincón, A. D., & Soibelzon, L.

    List of South American species extinct in the Holocene

    List of South American species extinct in the Holocene

    List_of_South_American_species_extinct_in_the_Holocene

  • Theriodictis
  • Extinct genus of South American canid

    the Isthmus of Panama ca. 3Ma, which initiated the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). Cerdocyonines were the only canids in South America for the

    Theriodictis

    Theriodictis

    Theriodictis

  • Gabi
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Ficus pleurocarpa, a fig also known as the gabi fig Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), a paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the

    Gabi

    Gabi

  • Cocinetas Basin
  • Sedimentary basin in Colombia

    Neogene and Quaternary ages, both before and after the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), presenting new insights in the understanding of the variation

    Cocinetas Basin

    Cocinetas_Basin

  • Ysengrinia
  • Extinct genus of mammals known as bear dogs

    These fossils play an important role in our understanding of the biotic interchange between Eurasia and North America during the earliest Miocene. However

    Ysengrinia

    Ysengrinia

    Ysengrinia

  • Protocyon
  • Extinct genus of carnivores

    et al. (2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5). London: Royal Society: 1–6. doi:10.1098/rsbl

    Protocyon

    Protocyon

    Protocyon

  • Leopardus
  • Genus of felines native to the Americas

    crossed the Isthmus of Panama probably during the Great American Biotic Interchange in the late Pliocene. Leopardus vorohuensis is an extinct species

    Leopardus

    Leopardus

    Leopardus

  • Parankylosauria
  • Extinct group of armored dinosaurs

    inhabited South America, having migrated from North America as part of a biotic interchange during the Campanian. However, more recent studies have disputed this

    Parankylosauria

    Parankylosauria

    Parankylosauria

  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
  • Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (4): 563–582, Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..563A

    List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia

    List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Colombia

  • 2020 in paleomammalogy
  • American Interchange, is published by Rodríguez-Gómez et al. (2020). A study on the causes of the asymmetrical character of the Great American Biotic Interchange

    2020 in paleomammalogy

    2020_in_paleomammalogy

  • Eremotherium
  • Extinct genus of giant ground sloth

    connecting North and South America, in the course of the Great American Biotic Interchange. The oldest fossils come from the Pliocene of the southern United

    Eremotherium

    Eremotherium

    Eremotherium

  • Toxodon
  • Extinct genus of notoungulates

    (2015), "The GABI in Southern South America", The Great American Biotic Interchange, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 71–96, doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9792-4_3

    Toxodon

    Toxodon

    Toxodon

  • Cyonasua
  • Extinct genus of carnivores

    Marcelo R. (17 September 2014). "Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics" (PDF). Naturwissenschaften

    Cyonasua

    Cyonasua

  • Alajuela Formation
  • Geologic formation in Panama

    into the ecosystem of Central America preceding the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). The Alajuela Formation, in older literature also referred

    Alajuela Formation

    Alajuela_Formation

  • Hydrochoerus gaylordi
  • Extinct species of rodent

    (Guajira, Colombia), and its Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 24 (1): 111–125. doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9356-7

    Hydrochoerus gaylordi

    Hydrochoerus_gaylordi

  • Sechuran fox
  • Species of carnivore

    However, it is accepted that this occurred during the Great American Biotic Interchange in the Miocene era, via the Panamanian land bridge. Multiple studies

    Sechuran fox

    Sechuran fox

    Sechuran_fox

  • Chapadmalalan
  • Period of geologic time

    juvenile of Glyptodon. Cione, Alberto Luis (2015). The Great American Biotic Interchange: A South American Perspective. SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences

    Chapadmalalan

    Chapadmalalan

  • Altiplano Cundiboyacense
  • Plateau in the Colombian Andes

    connection with formerly isolated North America. This Great American Biotic Interchange led to a drastic rearrangement of South American fauna. Migrating

    Altiplano Cundiboyacense

    Altiplano Cundiboyacense

    Altiplano_Cundiboyacense

  • Honda Group, Colombia
  • Geological group in the Colombian Andes

    uniquely South American faunal assemblage before the Great American Biotic Interchange; the result of the uplift of the Isthmus of Panama, of which the initial

    Honda Group, Colombia

    Honda Group, Colombia

    Honda_Group,_Colombia

  • 2019 in paleomammalogy
  • Erreguerena (2019). "Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190148. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0148. PMC 6548739

    2019 in paleomammalogy

    2019_in_paleomammalogy

  • Geodispersal
  • Erosion of barriers to gene flow and biological dispersal

    geodispersal in between continental ecosystems was the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) between the terrestrial faunas and floras of North America

    Geodispersal

    Geodispersal

  • 2017 in paleomammalogy
  • Carranza-Castañeda (2017). "Increased xenarthran diversity of the Great American Biotic Interchange: a new genus and species of ground sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae)

    2017 in paleomammalogy

    2017_in_paleomammalogy

  • Ware Formation
  • Geologic formation in Colombia

    Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (4): 563–582, Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..563A

    Ware Formation

    Ware_Formation

  • Disjunctive population
  • PMID 25141279. Woodburne, Michael O. (2010-12-01). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens". Journal

    Disjunctive population

    Disjunctive_population

  • Friasian
  • South American land mammal age (SALMA)

    Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology: 1–20, retrieved 2017-03-31 Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo

    Friasian

    Friasian

  • San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela
  • Geologic formation in Venezuela

    Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. (2014). "Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics" (PDF). Naturwissenschaften

    San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela

    San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela

    San_Gregorio_Formation,_Venezuela

  • Agua de la Piedra Formation
  • Late Oligocene geologic formation in Mendoza Province, Argentina

    ISBN 978-3-319-67774-3. Woodburne, M.O (2010), "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Dispersals, Tectonics, Climate, Sea Level and Holding Pens", Journal

    Agua de la Piedra Formation

    Agua_de_la_Piedra_Formation

  • Chasicoan
  • paleoecology associated with the early phases of the Great American Biotic Interchange based on stable isotope analysis of fossil mammals and new U–Pb ages

    Chasicoan

    Chasicoan

  • Colhuehuapian
  • Period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma)

    Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology: 1–20, retrieved 2017-03-31 Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo

    Colhuehuapian

    Colhuehuapian

  • Surameryx
  • Extinct genus of mammals

    layers earlier than the Pliocene epoch. While the Great American Biotic Interchange is traditionally regarded as an event of the late Pliocene (about

    Surameryx

    Surameryx

  • Nothrotherium
  • Extinct genus of ground sloths

    Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology: 1–20, retrieved 2017-03-31 Classification of

    Nothrotherium

    Nothrotherium

    Nothrotherium

  • List of fossil primates of South America
  • (2016). "First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange". Nature. 533 (7602): 243–246. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..243B. doi:10

    List of fossil primates of South America

    List_of_fossil_primates_of_South_America

  • Egbert Leigh
  • American ecologist

    of species between the two continents known as the Great American Biotic Interchange. This greatly affected the biota of South America, a continent that

    Egbert Leigh

    Egbert_Leigh

  • 2016 in paleomammalogy
  • (2016). "First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange". Nature. 533 (7602): 243–246. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..243B. doi:10

    2016 in paleomammalogy

    2016_in_paleomammalogy

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BIOTIC INTERCHANGE

  • SIOTIO
  • Female

    Egyptian

    SIOTIO

    , the granddaughter of Naoushceri.

    SIOTIO

  • Umarao
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian

    Umarao

    Exotic

    Umarao

  • Burnworth
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Burnworth

    English : probably a habitational name from Burnworthy in Devon, which is named with the Old English personal name Beorna + Old English worð or worðig ‘enclosure’; the interchange between worth and worthy is common in Middle English names in the southwest. The surname has died out in the British Isles.

    Burnworth

  • Bruster
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Bruster

    English : variant of Brewster.English : occupational name for an embroiderer, Middle English broudestere (from Old French brouder ‘to embroider’, of Germanic origin). The suffix -ster(e) was originally feminine, but by the Middle English period was being used interchangeably for both men and women in words like Brewster and Baxter, and in some regions such as East Anglia was the standard occupational suffix for men as well as women. Nevertheless, there is no evidence that men did very much embroidery.Swiss German : variant of Brust 2, the suffix -er denoting an inhabitant.

    Bruster

  • Bostick
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Bostick

    English : variant of Bostock.Possibly an Americanized spelling of Bostic.

    Bostick

  • Plaster
  • Surname or Lastname

    English and North German

    Plaster

    English and North German : metonymic occupational name for a plasterer, from Middle English, Middle Low German plaster (from Latin emplastrum ‘(wound) plaster’ (originally a paste), from Greek emplastron, a derivative of emplassein ‘to shape or form’; the term was carried over into building terminology to mean ‘bonding agent’).English : habitational name from any of various places called Plaistow (in East London, Derbyshire, Sussex, and elsewhere), from Old English plegestōw ‘place where people gather for sport or play’. This can also be a variant of Plaisted (through interchangeable use of the Old English elements stōw and stede, both meaning ‘place’, in earlier times).German and Ashkenazic Jewish (Pflaster) : from Middle High German pflaster (German Pflaster, from Latin plastrum) ‘street pavement’, ‘pavement’, cognate with 1.

    Plaster

  • Bloomfield
  • Surname or Lastname

    Jewish (American)

    Bloomfield

    Jewish (American) : Americanized form of Blumfeld, an ornamental compound of Yiddish blum ‘flower’ + feld ‘field’.English : variant of the Norman habitational name Blundeville, from Blonville-sur-Mer in Calvados, France. The first element is probably an Old Norse personal name; the second is Old French ville ‘settlement’. In the 16th and 17th centuries in England, the endings -field and -ville were often used interchangeably; one branch of the Blundeville family continued using the -ville spelling while another chose Blom(e)field or Bloomfield.

    Bloomfield

  • Dorning
  • Surname or Lastname

    English (mainly Lancashire and Cheshire)

    Dorning

    English (mainly Lancashire and Cheshire) : unexplained.Probably an altered form of German Dornig, which is probably a nickname for someone with a sharp tongue, from an adjectival derivative of Middle High German, Middle Low German dorn ‘thorn’. The suffixes -ig and -ing were often interchanged in Pennsylvania German and elsewhere. The name may also refer to a sloe bush.

    Dorning

  • Binti
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Swahili

    Binti

    Daughter

    Binti

  • Aradhya
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu, Indian, Telugu

    Aradhya

    Prayer; Worship; Sacred; Exotic

    Aradhya

  • Marson
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Marson

    English : variant of the habitational name Marston. The two forms seem to have been used interchangeably.French : habitational name from places so called in Marne and Meuse, or from Marçon in Sarthe.

    Marson

  • Dodo
  • Boy/Male

    Biblical, Dutch, German

    Dodo

    Exotic Bird

    Dodo

  • Madhava
  • Girl/Female

    Indian, Sanskrit

    Madhava

    Full of Intoxication; Related to the Spring; Exotic

    Madhava

  • Erato
  • Girl/Female

    Greek

    Erato

    Muse of erotic poetry.

    Erato

  • KALEVA
  • Male

    Finnish

    KALEVA

    Finnish legend name of the ancestor of all Finns. Andrew Lang, author of Custom and Myth, 1884, gives the KALEVA means "heroic, magnificent," but it may be connected with the Lithuanian word kalvis, meaning "smith," like the Baltic god Kalevias. 

    KALEVA

  • Avinandita
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Avinandita

    Idiotic

    Avinandita

  • Avinandita | அவிநாந்தீதா
  • Girl/Female

    Tamil

    Avinandita | அவிநாந்தீதா

    Idiotic

    Avinandita | அவிநாந்தீதா

  • AGAUE
  • Female

    Greek

    AGAUE

    (Ἀγαυή) Greek name derived from the word agauos, AGAUE means "illustrious; noble." In Greek mythology, this is the name of one of the four daughters of Kadmos, king of Theben in Boiotia, and his wife Harmonia. 

    AGAUE

  • Shafiya
  • Girl/Female

    Arabic, Islamic, Muslim, Pakistani, Urdu

    Shafiya

    Simple; Exotic; Noble; Princess

    Shafiya

  • Ankuj
  • Boy/Male

    Indian, Persian

    Ankuj

    To Restrain; The Conqueror; Exotic Name for Ankush

    Ankuj

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Online names & meanings

  • Vivianna
  • Girl/Female

    English Latin

    Vivianna

    the Lady of the Lake In Malory's 'Mort d'Arthur'. Also Merlin's enchantress.

  • Shyaama
  • Girl/Female

    Gujarati, Hindu, Indian

    Shyaama

    Lord Krishna

  • GODFREY
  • Male

    English

    GODFREY

    English form of Norman French Godefrey, GODFREY means "God's peace."

  • Mead
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Mead

    English : topographic name for someone who lived by a meadow, from Middle English mede ‘meadow’ (Old English mǣd).English : metonymic occupational name for a brewer or seller of mead (Old English meodu), an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting honey.

  • AMHLAIDE
  • Male

    Irish

    AMHLAIDE

    Irish form of Icelandic Amloði, possibly AMHLAIDE means "heavy" or "the dullard," or Old French Hamelet, meaning "tiny little village." But this Irish form of the name may have a different meaning, perhaps the same as Amhlaibh.

  • Tamera
  • Girl/Female

    African, American, British, Christian, English, Hebrew, Jamaican

    Tamera

    Palm Tree; Spice; Date Palm; Beloved Angel

  • AbdulHakim
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Muslim

    AbdulHakim

    Servant of the Judge (Allah)

  • Hujaymah
  • Girl/Female

    Arabic, Muslim

    Hujaymah

    Attack; This was the Name of Huyama Al-awsabiyah Al-danishqiyah; She was a Jurist of Great Rank and a Very Pious Woman

  • Jivant
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian, Marathi

    Jivant

    Long Lived

  • ROOS
  • Female

    Dutch

    ROOS

    , rose.

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Other words and meanings similar to

BIOTIC INTERCHANGE

AI search in online dictionary sources & meanings containing BIOTIC INTERCHANGE

BIOTIC INTERCHANGE

  • Idiotically
  • adv.

    In a idiotic manner.

  • Bromic
  • a.

    Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; -- said of those compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, bromic acid.

  • Baltic
  • a.

    Of or pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany; situated on the Baltic Sea.

  • Biotic
  • a.

    Relating to life; as, the biotic principle.

  • Ionic
  • n.

    The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic.

  • Azotic
  • a.

    Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote; nitric; as, azotic gas; azotic acid.

  • Exotical
  • a.

    Foreign; not native; exotic.

  • Ionic
  • n.

    Ionic type.

  • Iodic
  • a.

    to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid.

  • Ionic
  • n.

    A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet.

  • Ionic
  • a.

    Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital.

  • Ionic
  • n.

    A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic.

  • Myositic
  • a.

    Myotic.

  • Idioted
  • a.

    Rendered idiotic; befooled.

  • Abietic
  • a.

    Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as, abietic acid, called also sylvic acid.

  • Exotic
  • a.

    Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous; foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word.

  • Fistic
  • a.

    Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters with the fists; puglistic; as, fistic exploits; fistic heroes.

  • Myotic
  • n.

    A myotic agent.

  • Nilotic
  • a.

    Of or pertaining to the river Nile; as, the Nilotic crocodile.

  • Eroticism
  • n.

    Erotic quality.