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Hellenistic-era Greek kingdom (256–100 BCE)
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (Greek: Βασιλεία τῆς Βακτριανῆς, romanized: Basileía tês Baktrianês, lit. 'Kingdom of Bactria') was a Greek kingdom during the
Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom
Species of mammal of Asia
The Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), also known as the Mongolian camel, domestic Bactrian camel, two-humped camel or double humped camel, is a camel
Bactrian_camel
Historical region in Central Asia
Bactria (/ˈbæktriə/; Bactrian: βαχλο, Bakhlo), or Bactriana, was an ancient Iranian civilization in Central Asia, located in the area south of the Oxus
Bactria
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Bactria or Bactrian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bactrian may refer to: Bactria, an ancient region in Central Asia, including the modern
Bactrian
Species of camel
The wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) or simply the wild camel is an endangered species of camel endemic to Northwest China and southwestern Mongolia
Wild_Bactrian_camel
Extinct Eastern Iranian language of Asia
Bactrian (Bactrian: Αριαο, romanized: ariao [arjaː], meaning "Iranian") was an Eastern Iranian language formerly spoken in the Central Asian region of
Bactrian_language
Genus of mammals
the two-humped Bactrian camel makes up 6%. The wild Bactrian camel is a distinct species that is not ancestral to the domestic Bactrian camel, and is now
Camel
Family of mammals
divided into two tribes, Camelini, including dromedary camels, Bactrian camels and wild Bactrian camels, and Lamini, including llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and
Camelidae
Subspecies of deer
The Bactrian deer (Cervus hanglu bactrianus), also called the Bukhara deer, Bokhara deer, or Bactrian wapiti, is a lowland subspecies of Central Asian
Bactrian_deer
200 BC–10 AD Greek kingdom in South Asia
royal seat there at one time. The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius I of Bactria invaded India from Bactria in about 200 BC
Indo-Greek_Kingdom
Iranian prophet and spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism
Zarathushtra Spitama, more commonly known as Zoroaster, was an Iranian religious reformer who challenged the tenets of the contemporary Ancient Iranian
Zoroaster
Hybrid between a Bactrian camel and dromedary
hybrid camel is a hybrid offspring resulting from the crossbreeding of a Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and a dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). Since
Hybrid_camel
One-humped camel
The dromedary shares the genus Camelus with the Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) and the wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus). The dromedary belongs to the family
Dromedary
Ancient people mentioned in Chinese histories
peoples mentioned in classical European sources as having overrun the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, like the Tochari and Asii. During the 1st century BC, one of the
Yuezhi
Landlocked country in Central Asia
of the Sogdian and Bactrian civilisations, and was ruled by those including the Achaemenids, Alexander the Great, the Greco-Bactrians, the Kushans, the
Tajikistan
Kushan emperor from 127 to 150
across the Karakoram range to China. Around 127 CE, he replaced Greek with Bactrian as the official language of administration in the empire. Earlier scholars
Kanishka
Deity named in Bactrian Documents
Zhuna, Zhūn , Zūn or Zur. The name is attested extensively in several Bactrian documents designating among others a Khār of Rob (Kingdom of Rob), and
Zhun
Ancient people of Bactria
appears before Islam in Bactrian as Τοχοαραστανο (Toxoarastano) on the 2nd-century silver dish of Nukunzuk and on two 5th-century Bactrian documents, a name
Tochari
30–375 CE empire in Central and South Asia
Empire (c. 30–c. 375 CE) was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of what
Kushan_Empire
Partially deciphered writing system
hypothesizes that the language recorded is either: "a missing link between Bactrian, Sogdian, the Saka languages, ... Alanic and ‘Old Steppe Iranian’," such
Kushan_script
Archaeological site in Jowzjan
archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi. The hoard found there is often known as the Bactrian gold. The hoard is a collection of about 20,600 ornaments, coins and other
Tillya_Tepe
Chinese exonym for a Central Asian state
cities and having "customs identical to those of the Daxia" or Greco-Bactrians, a Hellenistic kingdom that was ruling Bactria at that time in today's
Dayuan
Sogdian or Bactrian princess who married Alexander the Great
romanized: Rawšanak) sometimes known as Roxanne, Roxanna and Roxane, was a Bactrian or Sogdian princess who married Alexander the Great after he invaded Persia
Roxana
Early medieval region in southern Central Asia
appears before Islam in Bactrian as Τοχοαραστανο (Toxoarastano) on the 2nd-century silver dish of Nukunzuk and on two 5th-century Bactrian documents, a name
Tokharistan
Cultural syncretism in Central and South Asia in antiquity
as recorded in the Edicts of Ashoka. Thus, Buddhism reached the Greco-Bactrian kingdom, a successor of the Seleucid Empire. Following the collapse of
Greco-Buddhism
Ancient Iranian civilization (6th century BCE – 11th century CE)
It would continue to change hands under the Seleucid Empire, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, the Kushan Empire, the Sasanian Empire, the Hephthalite Empire
Sogdia
Alloy of copper containing nickel
States period were made with Cu-Ni alloys. The theory of Chinese origins of Bactrian cupronickel was suggested in 1868 by Flight, who found that the coins considered
Cupronickel
Extinct species of camel
ferus (wild Bactrian camel) at the nuclear genomic level, its mitochondrial genome diversity is nested within that of the wild Bactrian camel, likely
Camelus_knoblochi
Iranian ethnic group
Pactyic [Πακτυϊκῇ] country, north of the rest of India; these live like the Bactrians; they are of all Indians the most warlike, and it is they who are sent
Pashtuns
8th century Vizier of Harun al-Rashid's Court
جعفر بن يحيى, Jaʽfar bin yaḥyā) (767–803), also called Aba-Fadl, was a Bactrian vizier of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, succeeding his father (Yahya
Ja'far_ibn_Yahya
Ancient kingdom in modern-day Afghanistan
documents in the Bactrian language in the Bactrian script (a variation of the Greek script dating back to the rule of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom in the
Kingdom_of_Rob
European political entity (800/962–1806)
Goguryeo Harsha Hellenistic Greek colonisation Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian
Holy_Roman_Empire
Hellenistic state in West Asia (312–63 BC)
including Assyria and what had been Babylonia, while the independent Greco-Bactrian Kingdom continued to flourish in the northeast. The Seleucid kings were
Seleucid_Empire
Ancient woolen wall-hanging found in Xinjiang, China
features, including a Greek centaur and diadem, linking it to the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (formed after the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire by Alexander
Sampul_tapestry
Country in South Asia
Indus Valley Indo-Iranics Indo-Aryan Achaemenid Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian Maurya Indo-Greek Gandhara Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthian Kushan Indo-Sassanid
Pakistan
Seleucid Emperor 150 BC Parthian–Bactrian War Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Parthian Empire Parthian victory Decline of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 148–129 BC Fifth Seleucid–Parthian
List_of_Greco-Persian_Wars
Hybrid of male dromedary camel and female llama
pairs of acrocentrics. The dromedary's karyotype is similar to that of the Bactrian camel. As an adult, dromedary camels can weigh up to six times as much
Cama_(animal)
5th–8th-century nomadic confederation in Central Asia
The Hephthalites or Ephthalites (Bactrian: ηβοδαλο, romanized: Ebodalo), sometimes called the White Huns (also known as the White Hunas, in Iranian as
Hephthalites
1867–1918 empire in Central Europe
Goguryeo Harsha Hellenistic Greek colonisation Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian
Austria-Hungary
(Greek: Ἀντίοχος Νικάτωρ; "Antiochus the Victor") is a proposed Greco-Bactrian king of the Diodotid dynasty, who ruled for some period between 240 – 220
Antiochus_Nicator
Period of eastern Mediterranean history from 323 to 30 BC
Pergamon), Northeast Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in an influx of Greek colonists
Hellenistic_period
Coinage of the Kushan Empire
coin designs usually broadly follow the styles of the preceding Greco-Bactrian rulers in using Hellenistic styles of image, with a deity on one side and
Kushan_coinage
Ancient combat helmet of Greek origin
throughout the Hellenistic world, but is especially evident in the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms whose rulers often wore a variant of the helmet
Boeotian_helmet
2nd-century BC Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king
According to Plutarch he was a king of Bactria, and Strabo includes him among Bactrian Greek conquerors. He may have actually ruled over Bactria and may have
Menander_I
Country in Central and South Asia
coalition. Afghanistan also served as the source from which the Greco-Bactrians and the Mughals, among others, rose to form major empires. Because of
Afghanistan
Founding king of the Alchon Huns (c. 430–490)
Khingila I (Bactrian: χιγγιλο Khingilo, Brahmi script: 𑀔𑀺𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀺𑀮 Khi-ṇgi-la, Middle Chinese: 金吉剌 Kim kjit lat, Persian: شنگل Shengel; c.430-490) was
Khingila_I
Writing format
Camel case (sometimes stylized autologically as camelCase or CamelCase, also known as camel caps or more formally as medial capitals) is a writing format
Camel_case
Endangered Arabic languages of Central Asia
Arab communities living in portions of Central Asia. These varieties are Bactrian (or Bakhtāri/Baxtāri) Arabic, Bukharan (or Bukhāri/Buxāri) Arabic, Qashqa
Central_Asian_Arabic
Greco-Bactrian king and founder of the Euthydemid dynasty
Euthydemus I (Greek: Εὐθύδημος, Euthýdēmos, c. 260 BC – 200/195 BC) was a Greco-Bactrian king and founder of the Euthydemid dynasty. He is thought to have originally
Euthydemus_I
Indo-Greek king
romanized: Agathoklês Dikaîos, meaning "Agathocles the Just") was a Greco-Bactrian/Indo-Greek king, who reigned between around 190 and 180 BC. He was likely
Agathocles_of_Bactria
Ovulation in response to an external stimulus
include cats, rabbits, ferrets, and camels. In 1985, Chen et al., used Bactrian camels to investigate the factor(s) that induce ovulation during breeding
Induced_ovulation_(animals)
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Goguryeo Harsha Hellenistic Greek colonisation Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian
Ottoman_Empire
Historical region of Greater Iran
Xwarāsān has in turn been argued to be a calque of the Bactrian name of the region, Miirosan (Bactrian spelling: μιιροσανο, μιροσανο, earlier μιυροασανο)
Khorasan
the hump also helps dissipate body heat. Bactrian camel – also known as the Mongolian camel or domestic Bactrian camel, is a large even-toed ungulate native
List_of_animals_with_humps
Language group of the Indo-Iranian language family
and "judge" from the Iranian Bactrian language around the 1st century CE, suggesting some degree of contact with Bactrian-speaking state institutions,
Nuristani_languages
Parallel texts shared by the Early Buddhist schools
Language and the Kharoṣṭhī script, but some have also been discovered in Bactrian. According to Mark Allon, the Gandhāran Buddhist texts contain several
Early_Buddhist_texts
1856–1866 United States Army experiment
and 14 males), including two Bactrian, 29 dromedary, one dromedary calf, and one booghdee (a cross between a male Bactrian and a female dromedary). The
United_States_Camel_Corps
Individual or type of working animal used by humans
Domestic animals of many species are used in this way, among them alpacas, Bactrian camels, donkeys, dromedaries, gaur, goats, horses, llamas, mules, reindeer
Pack_animal
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
Persian (from the Sasanian Empire), Parthian (from the Parthian Empire), and Bactrian (from the Kushan and Hephthalite empires). In 2005, Ethnologue estimated
Iranian_languages
Alexander the Great. He found gold and silver mines in the territory of the Bactrian ruler, Sophytes. Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great by Waldemar
Gorgus
2nd century Kushan Empire conquest of Central Asia
also perceived as key factors in accelerating the decline of the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Scythian civilizations, which were already in retreat in the region
Kanishka's Central Asian campaign
Kanishka's_Central_Asian_campaign
Country in Central Asia
was incorporated into the Achaemenid Empire and, after a period of Greco-Bactrian rule, was part of the Sasanian Empire until the Muslim conquest of Persia
Uzbekistan
Extinct Indo-European languages in Asia
so-called Tocharian loanwords in Niya Prakrit were, in fact, Bactrian and pre-Bactrian loanwords, or resulted from fundamental misunderstandings of specific
Tocharian_languages
2nd-century BC Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king
Unconquered"), also called Dimetriya or Dhammamita in Indian sources, was a Greco-Bactrian king and the founder of the Indo-Greek kingdom, who ruled areas from Bactria
Demetrius_I_of_Bactria
Ethnogenesis of the Pashtun people
region over time. The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 2 also states the Bactrian tribes to be ancestors of Pashtuns. In The Cambridge History of Iran Volume
Theories_of_Pashtun_origin
Eastern Iranian language
very similar to it, while others have attempted to place it closer to Bactrian. However, neither position is universally agreed upon. What scholars do
Pashto
2nd century BCE wars in India
several[citation needed] conflicts between the Shunga Empire and the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. The theory that such a war occurred is predominantly based on
Shunga–Greek_War
c. 2250–1700 BC Central Asian archaeological culture
figurine of the "Bactrian princess" type; 2nd millennium BC; chlorite and calcite; Louvre Seated goddess, an example of a "Bactrian princess", Bronze
Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
Bactria–Margiana_Archaeological_Complex
Ruined Hellenistic city in Afghanistan
and served as a military and economic centre for the rulers of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom until its destruction c. 145 BC. Rediscovered in 1961, the ruins
Ai-Khanoum
Country in West Asia
lies between Palestine and Celesyria. Ul founded Armenia; and Gather the Bactrians; and Mesa the Mesaneans; it is now called Charax Spasini. The first human
Armenia
Art by advanced cultures of ancient societies
Darya probably served as a trading station. A famous type of Bactrian artwork is the "Bactrian princesses" (a.k.a. "Oxus ladies"). Wearing large stylized
Ancient_art
(1992) "Bactrian ownership inscriptions" BAI 7, pp173–9 (1993) "New light on ancient Afghanistan: the decipherment of Bactrian", London (1997) "Bactrian documents
Nicholas_Sims-Williams
Sri Lankan historian and numismatist
specialized notably standardized the coinage of the Indo-Greek and Greco-Bactrian kingdoms. He is currently[when?] Emeritus Director of the CNRS at the École
Osmund_Bopearachchi
Pregnancy between species
immunoregulation.” Researchers at the University of Tehran transferred Bactrian camel (an Old-World endangered camelid) embryos into dromedary camels.
Interspecific_pregnancy
Graeco-Bactrian king in c. 200–180 BC
Euthydemus II (Greek: Εὐθύδημος, Euthýdēmos) was a Greco-Bactrian king who ruled in Bactria in 185–180 BC. Son of Demetrius I of Bactria, Euthydemus II
Euthydemus_II
Archaeological site near Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan
of Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. The city of Sirkap was built by the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius after he invaded modern-day Pakistan around 180 BC. Demetrius
Sirkap
The Parthian–Bactrian War refers to the invasion of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom by Mithridates I of Parthia in 150s BC, which ended with a Parthian victory
Parthian–Greco_Bactrian_War
Script used to write the Greek language
(in modern France) used the Greek alphabet until the Roman conquest. The Bactrian language, an Iranian language spoken in what is now Afghanistan, was written
Greek_alphabet
of Afghanistan became part of the Seleucid Empire followed by the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. Seleucus I Nicator was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya and gave
Ancient history of Afghanistan
Ancient_history_of_Afghanistan
Artistic syncretism between Classical Greece and Buddhist India
Greco-Buddhist art. This was evident during the reign of the Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian kingdom (250–130 BC) and the Indo-Greek kingdom (180–10 BC). Under the
Greco-Buddhist_art
is the Greek form of this name, Latinised as Roxana, and refers to the Bactrian noblewoman who was the daughter of Oxyartes of Bactria (not Sogdiana) and
Roshanak
City in Ancient India
Archaeologist Zemaryalai Tarzi has suggested that, following the fall of the Greco-Bactrian cities of Ai-Khanoum and Takht-i Sangin, Greek populations were established
Nagara_(ancient_city)
Ancient Eastern Iranian goddess
Nana was an ancient Eastern Iranian goddess worshiped by Bactrians, Sogdians and Chorasmians, as well as by non-Iranian Yuezhi, including Kushans, as
Nana_(Bactrian_goddess)
1526–1857 empire in South Asia
Goguryeo Harsha Hellenistic Greek colonisation Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian
Mughal_Empire
Subgroup of the Iranian languages
spread, leading to the extinction of Eastern Iranic languages including Bactrian and Khorezmian. Only a few speakers of the Sogdian-descended Yaghnobi remain
Eastern_Iranian_languages
Turkic ethnic group
The Khalaj (Bactrian: χαλασσ, romanized: Xalass; Persian: خلجها, romanized: Xalajhâ) are a Turkic ethnic group who mainly reside in Iran. In Iran, they
Khalaj_people
Kuznechik (Russian: Кузнечик, meaning "grasshopper") was a Bactrian camel that became known for following the Soviet Red Army in its advance towards Germany
Kuznechik_(camel)
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
Darius III had sought refuge. Darius III was taken prisoner by Bessus, his Bactrian satrap and kinsman. As Alexander approached, Bessus had his men murder
Achaemenid_Empire
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
Goguryeo Harsha Hellenistic Greek colonisation Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian
Byzantine_Empire
2003 docudrama film by Byambasuren Davaa and Luigi Falorni
nomadic shepherds in the Gobi Desert trying to save the life of a rare white bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) calf after it was rejected by its mother. During
The Story of the Weeping Camel
The_Story_of_the_Weeping_Camel
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
Goguryeo Harsha Hellenistic Greek colonisation Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian
Qing_dynasty
Ruler of the Alchon Huns
Javukha (Brahmi: 𑀚𑀯𑀼𑀔 Ja-vu-kha, Bactrian: Zabocho, or Zabokho) was the third known king of the Alchon Huns, in the 5th century CE. He is described
Javukha
Ancient state in West Asia
effective leadership. The Assyrians valued goods from the east, such as Bactrian lapis lazuli, and the east-west trade route through Media became increasingly
Median_kingdom
Mauryan emperor from 187 to 185 BCE
the assassination of Brihadratha by his army chief Pushyamitra, Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius (Dharmamita) invaded northwestern India (parts of modern-day
Brihadratha_Maurya
Indo-Iranian divinity
Parthian Mihr, and Bactrian Miuro (/mihru/).[citation needed] Aside from Avestan Mithra, these derivative names were also used for Greco-Bactrian Mithro, Miiro
Mitra
Species of wooly domesticated mammal
Chen, B.X.; Yuen, Z.X.; Pan, G.W. (1985). "Semen-induced ovulation in the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)". J. Reprod. Fertil. 74 (2): 335–339. doi:10
Llama
Greco-Bactrian king from 172/171 BC to 145 BC
also known as Eucratides the Great, was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings. He conquered large parts of northern India, and minted a vast and
Eucratides_I
Subfamily of antelopes
Vicuña (L. vicugna) Camelus Domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) Dromedary/Arabian camel (C. dromedarius) Wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) Suborder Whippomorpha
Hippotraginae
Hellenistic dynasty
Hellenistic dynasty founded by Euthydemus I in 230 BC which ruled the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms throughout the Hellenistic period from 230 BC to
Euthydemid_dynasty
Central Asian historical region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers
4th century BCE. Alexander's successors would go on to found the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, ushering in a distinct Greek cultural presence within Transoxiana
Transoxiana
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
Girl/Female
Indian
Golden creeper, Golden wine
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Prince
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
To Spread in Different Directions
Girl/Female
Bengali, Danish, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Thai
Daughter; The Beautiful Lady; A Young Lady
Boy/Male
Hindu
Positive energy, Horseless
Girl/Female
Indian
Divine
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern, Telugu
Understanding
Boy/Male
Tamil
Victory for proximity, Of exalted victory, Winning, To acquire by victory
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, derived from Middle English calfhirde, CALVERT means "calf-herder."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Girl; A Little Lass
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
BACTRIAN
a.
Of or pertaining to Bactria in Asia.
n.
A native of Bactria.
n.
A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicua, of South America, belong to a related genus (Auchenia).
n.
The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), having one hump or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two humps.