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Manuscripts painted by pre-Columbian and colonial Aztec
Aztec codices (Nahuatl languages: Mēxihcatl āmoxtli, pronounced [meːˈʃiʔkatɬ aːˈmoʃtɬi]; sing.: codex) are Mesoamerican manuscripts made by the pre-Columbian
Aztec_codex
Text by Bernardino de Sahagún
in this source for Mexican and Aztec history. In 2023, the Getty Research Institute released the Digital Florentine Codex which gives access to the complete
Florentine_Codex
Ethnic group of central Mexico and its civilization
twelve-volume Florentine Codex created by the Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún, in collaboration with Indigenous Aztec informants. Important for
Aztecs
Historical ancestor of the modern book
convention, the term is also used for any Aztec codex (although the earlier examples do not actually use the codex format), Maya codices and other pre-Columbian
Codex
Aztec manuscript
The Codex Mendoza is an Aztec codex, believed to have been created around the year 1541. It contains a history of both the Aztec rulers and their conquests
Codex_Mendoza
beings from the Aztec culture, its religion and mythology. Many of these deities are sourced from Codexes (such as the Florentine Codex (Bernardino de
List of Aztec gods and supernatural beings
List_of_Aztec_gods_and_supernatural_beings
Aztec codex
The Codex Borbonicus is an Aztec codex written by Aztec priests shortly before or after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. It is named after the
Codex_Borbonicus
Aztec Codex of central Mexico
The Codex Fejérváry-Mayer is an Aztec Codex of central Mexico. It is one of the rare Native American manuscripts that have survived the Spanish conquest
Codex_Fejérváry-Mayer
account of Aztec sacrifices were made by Spanish sources to justify Spain's conquest. Nonetheless, according to Codex Telleriano-Remensis, old Aztecs who talked
Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
Human_sacrifice_in_Aztec_culture
Pictorial Aztec record, early 1580s
Codex Ixtlilxochitl (Nahuatl for "black-faced flower") is a pictorial Aztec Codex created between 1580 and 1584, during the Spanish colonial era in Mexico
Codex_Ixtlilxochitl
Mid-16th century pictorial Aztec codex
The Codex Magliabechiano is a pictorial Aztec codex created during the mid-16th century, in the early Spanish colonial period. It is representative of
Codex_Magliabechiano
Aztec manuscript
Codex Boturini, also known as the Tira de la Peregrinación de los Mexica (Tale of the Mexica Migration), is an Aztec codex, which depicts the migration
Codex_Boturini
Aztec textual and pictorial history book
The Aubin Codex is an 81-leaf Aztec codex written in alphabetic Nahuatl on paper from Europe. Its textual and pictorial contents represent the history
Aubin_Codex
Spanish colonial-era manuscript
and expansion of an earlier Aztec codex, the identity of which is debated. The source manuscript may have been the Codex Telleriano-Remensis or a hypothetical
Codex_Ríos
Rack or palisade that displays human skulls
depicted in the twelfth book of the Florentine Codex. This taunting is also depicted in an Aztec codex which relates the story, and the subsequent battles
Tzompantli
Postconquest cartographic Aztec codex
Codex Chimalpopoca or Códice Chimalpopoca is a postconquest cartographic Aztec codex which is officially listed as being in the collection of the Instituto
Codex_Chimalpopoca
Aztec Codex
The Codex Telleriano-Remensis, produced in sixteenth-century Mexico on European paper, is one of the finest surviving examples of Aztec manuscript painting
Codex_Telleriano-Remensis
Aztec codex
The Codex Tudela is a 16th-century pictorial Aztec codex. It is based on the same prototype as the Codex Magliabechiano, the Codex Ixtlilxochitl, and other
Codex_Tudela
16th-century Dominican friar
referred to as the Durán Codex, contains 78 chapters spanning from the Aztec creation story until after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and includes
Diego_Durán
16th or 17th century Aztec pictorial manuscript
Codex Azcatitlan is an Aztec codex detailing the history of the Mexica and their migration journey from Aztlán to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Codex_Azcatitlan
Alliance of three Nahua city states in Mexico (1428–1521)
The Aztec Empire, also known as the Triple Alliance (Classical Nahuatl: Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, [ˈjéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥]) or historiographically as the
Aztec_Empire
Aztec deity of darkness and violence
deity and also point to his centrality in Aztec worship. Bernardino de Sahagún, in Book VI of the Florentine Codex, refers to Tezcatlipoca with 360 different
Tezcatlipoca
School of philosophy that developed out of Aztec culture
the Florentine Codex, Codex Mendoza and the Codex Magliabechiano, including others. Philosophy portal Tlacaelel Government of the Aztec Empire Indigenous
Aztec_philosophy
16th-century Spanish invasion of Mesoamerica
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was a pivotal event in the history of the Americas, marked by the collision of the Aztec Triple Alliance and the
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire
Historical Mesoamerican manuscript
The Codex Tovar (JCB Manuscripts Codex Ind 2) is a historical Mesoamerican manuscript from the late 16th century written by the Jesuit Juan de Tovar and
Codex_Tovar
Religion used in the Aztec Empire
The Aztec religion is a polytheistic and monistic pantheism in which the Nahua concept of teotl was construed as the supreme god Ometeotl, as well as
Aztec_religion
Calendar system that was used by the Aztecs
The Aztec or Mexica calendar is the calendrical system used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. It is one of the Mesoamerican
Aztec_calendar
Aztec war and solar deity
) is the solar and war deity of sacrifice in Aztec religion. He was also the patron god of the Aztecs and their capital city, Tenochtitlan. He wielded
Huītzilōpōchtli
Aztec goddess of water, seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, rain, storms, and baptism
the sea Chalchiutlicue." List of water deities Creation myth Codex Borgia Chicomecoatl Aztec religion Cecilio A. Robelo (1905). Diccionario de Mitología
Chalchiuhtlicue
1565 Aztec codex
Codex Osuna is an Aztec codex on European paper, with indigenous pictorials and alphabetic Nahuatl text from 1565. It has seven parts, with most being
Codex_Osuna
Central deity in Aztec religion
whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. Codex drawings pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehēcacōzcatl
Quetzalcōātl
Pre-Columbian cultural area in the Americas
Indorum Herbis is another Aztec codex with written text and illustrations collected from the indigenous viewpoint. The ancient Aztecs used a variety of entheogens
Mesoamerica
Clothing worn by Aztecs
Aztec clothing was worn by the Aztec people and varied according to aspects such as social standing and gender. The garments worn by Aztecs were also
Aztec_clothing
Aztec deity
Mexica (Aztec) people. Sometimes referred to as the "earth monster," Tlaltecuhtli's dismembered body was the basis for the world in the Aztec creation
Tlaltecuhtli
Tlahtoāni of the Aztec Empire until 1520
Florentine Codex, written some 50 years after the conquest. In the codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Cortés, the Aztec ruler is
Moctezuma_II
Medicine in Aztec folklore
Aztec medicine concerns the body of knowledge, belief and ritual surrounding human health and sickness, as observed among the Nahuatl-speaking people
Aztec_medicine
Postconquest cartographic Aztec codex
The Codex Xolotl (also known as Códice Xolotl) is a postconquest cartographic Aztec codex, thought to have originated before 1542. The text is primarily
Codex_Xolotl
Manuscript on Aztec history from the late XVIth century
John Carter Brown Library in Providence. The Codex Ramirez comprises three sections or treatises: An Aztec imperial history; a book about deities and their
Ramírez_Codex
Women in Aztec civilization shared some equal opportunities. Aztec civilization saw the rise of a military culture that was closed off to women and made
Women_in_Aztec_civilization
Round unleavened flatbread made of either nixtamlized corn or wheat
cuisine as complex societies formed, including the Oaxaca Valley and the Aztec civilization. Tortillas also spread to the Maya civilization. After the
Tortilla
Aztec herbal manuscript of 1552
several that resemble real plants. Aztec entheogenic complex Bruce Byland, "Introduction," An Aztec Herbal: The Classic Codex of 1552, Mineola, NY: Dover Publications
Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis
Libellus_de_Medicinalibus_Indorum_Herbis
Pictorial Aztec codex containing the Annals of Cuauhtitlan
The Codex en Cruz is a pictorial Aztec codex consisting of a single piece of amatl paper. It records historical events, such as the succession of rulers
Codex_en_Cruz
Warfare of the Mesoamerican civilization
Aztec warfare concerns the aspects associated with the military conventions, forces, weaponry and strategic expansions conducted by the Late Postclassic
Aztec_warfare
Society in central Mexico prior to the Spanish conquest
Aztec society was a highly complex and stratified society that developed among the Aztecs of central Mexico in the centuries prior to the Spanish conquest
Aztec_society
Species of tree grown for its seeds
Aztec empire. kakaw (cacao) written in the Maya script Sculpture of a man carrying a cacao pod. Aztec, 1440-1521 AD A cacao tree in the Aztec Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
Theobroma_cacao
First day of the Aztec calendar and mythological creature
In the Mixtec Vienna Codex (Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I), Crocodile is a day associated with dynastic beginnings. In Aztec mythology, Cipactli was
Cipactli
Deity in Aztec religion; a god of rain and thunder, fertility, and water
Tláloc (Classical Nahuatl: Tláloc [ˈtɬaːlok]) is the god of rain in Aztec religion. He was also a deity of earthly fertility and water, and worshipped
Tláloc
Central deity in Aztec religion
pre-Columbian art near copulating humans. In the Florentine Codex, Sahagún relates that Aztec midwives would tell newborns after bathing them, "You were
Tōnacācihuātl
Central deity in Aztec religion
pre-Columbian art near copulating humans. In the Florentine Codex, Sahagún relates that Aztec midwives would tell newborns after bathing them, "You were
Tōnacātēcuhtli
16th-century Franciscan friar and missionary in colonial Mexico
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. In 1585 he wrote a revision of the conquest narrative, published as Book 12 of the Florentine Codex, one of his last works
Bernardino_de_Sahagún
Characters in Maya mythology
divinatory handcasting during the creation of humankind. Similarly, the Aztec Codex Borbonicus depicts the first human couple, Oxomoco and Cipactonal, using
Xmucane_and_Xpiacoc
God of maize in Aztec mythology
seen as a kind of mother figure in the Aztec world and was the partner of Centeōtl. Centeōtl as depicted in a Codex Photo from The myths of Mexico and Peru
Centeōtl
Aztec Deity
the Codex Telleriano-Remensis and the Codex Ríos (or Codex Vaticanus A). Itztapaltotec is probably related to Itztli, another figure of the Aztec calendar
Itztapaltotec
Aztec god of fire and lightning
In Aztec mythology, Xolotl (Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈʃolot͡ɬ] ) was a god of fire and lightning. He was commonly depicted as a dog-headed man and was
Xolotl
Illustrative device denoting speech in art
in a 16th-century Aztec codex is decorated with feathers to denote "soft, smooth words". In another 16th-century codex, the Codex Selden, two Mixtec
Speech_scroll
Aztec deity
In Aztec mythology, Tlahzolteōtl (or Classical Nahuatl: Tlâçolteotl, pronounced [t͡ɬaʔs̻oɬˈteoːt͡ɬ]) is a deity of sex, sexuality, lust, carnality, sin
Tlazōlteōtl
Pre-Columbian Maya folding books
Maya codices (sing.: codex) are folding books written by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Maya hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican bark paper. The
Maya_codices
Entheogenic use by ancient Aztecs
substances in the Aztec lifestyle. The Florentine codex contains multiple references to the use of psychoactive plants among the Aztecs. The 11th book of
Aztec_use_of_entheogens
Weapon used by pre-columbian mesoamericans
Mesoamerica. The weapon was used by different civilizations, including the Aztec (Mexicas), Olmec, Maya, Mixtec, Toltec, and Tarascans. At least two examples
Macuahuitl
Codex Tlatelolco is a colonial-era Aztec codex written on amatl, around 1565. It depicts royal ceremonies involving Spanish monarchs Charles V and his
Codex_Tlatelolco
Type of elite Aztec warrior
[oˈseːloːt͡ɬ] ) were members of the Aztec military elite, similar to the eagle warriors. They were a type of Aztec warrior called a cuāuhocēlōtl ([kʷaːwoˈseːloːt͡ɬ]
Jaguar_warrior
Research library of the University of Oxford
Mexico (16th century) Codex Mendoza, Aztec codex containing a history of both the Aztec rulers and their conquest (16th century) Codex Selden precolumbian
Bodleian_Library
Mexican pictorial manuscript
Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Aztec codices Codex Vaticanus B Robertson, Donald (1954). "A Note on the Last Pages of the Codex Mexicanus". Journal de la Société
Codex_Mexicanus
Culinary traditions in the Aztec Empire
Aztec cuisine is the cuisine of the former Aztec Empire and the Nahua peoples of the Valley of Mexico prior to European contact in 1519. The most important
Aztec_cuisine
Topics referred to by the same term
Álava, Basque Country, Spain 3868 Mendoza, a main-belt asteroid Codex Mendoza, an Aztec codex, created fourteen years after the 1521 Spanish conquest of Mexico
Mendoza
Attempt to gain insight into a question or situation through magic or the supernatural
performed divinatory hand casting during the creation of people. The Aztec Codex Borbonicus shows the original human couple, Oxomoco and Cipactonal, engaged
Divination
Gods within the Aztec religion
OCLC 929457. Quiñones Keber, Eloise (1995). Codex Telleriano-Remensis: Ritual, Divination, and History in a Pictorial Aztec Manuscript. Austin: University of Texas
Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
Deity in Aztec religion
pound the earth in order to curse Hernán Cortés's advances into the Aztec Empire. In Codex Borgia, Chantico is depicted as having a yellow face marked with
Chantico
Aztec dual deity
llamado Códice Vaticano A, Codex Vatic. Lat. 3738 de la Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana. Cantares Mexicanos: Songs of the Aztecs. Translated by Bierhorst
Ōmeteōtl
modifications and the Aztec certainly practiced these as well. Book 8 of the Florentine Codex speaks of a practice that the Aztec used in ritualistic ceremonies
Aztec_body_modification
1863–1867 French-backed Mexican conservative monarchy in Mexico
conquest, including articles that had belonged to Moctezuma II, and an Aztec codex. Finally, on 6 June and 15 September 1865, Maximilian promulgated laws
Second_Mexican_Empire
Aztec deity
sign in the Aztec calendar named cuetzpallin (lizard) and the fourth trecena Xochitl ("flower" in Nahuatl). Stories derived from the Codex Telleriano-Remensis
Huēhuecoyōtl
Concept in 16th-century Aztec/Mexica cosmology
Nahui Ollin is a 16th-century concept in Aztec/Mexica cosmology with a variety of meanings. Nahui translates to "four," and Ollin translates to "movement"
Nahui_Ollin
Aztec goddess of the maguey plant
Florentine Codex — Viewer — World Digital Library". www.wdl.org. Retrieved 2018-10-07. Miller & Taube (1993, p.108) Townsend, Richard F. (2009). The Aztecs: Ancient
Mayahuel
National symbol
as shown in the original Aztec codices, paintings, and post-Cortesian codices, does not include a snake. While the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer depicts an
Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico
Mayan goddess
culture. She corresponds to Toci, an Aztec earth goddess inhabiting the sweatbath. She is related to another Aztec goddess invoked at birth, viz. Cihuacoatl
Ixchel
1592 Otomi book
participation in the conquest of the Aztec Empire and life under Spanish domination. Seven fragments of the codex are currently held in Mexico's National
Codex_Huamantla
Special class of infantry in the Aztec Army
the Aztec army, one of the two leading military special forces orders in Aztec society, the other being the Jaguar warriors. They were a type of Aztec warrior
Eagle_warrior
Aztec deity
Creation of the Florentine Codex. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute. Bassett, Molly H (2015). The Fate of Earthly Things : Aztec Gods and God-Bodies (First ed
Teixiptla
Nahuatl-speaking Indigenous people of the Valley of Mexico
ISSN 1060-9164. Sahagún, Florentine Codex: Introduction and Indices, pp.93-94,98. Callaway, Ewen (2017-02-01). "Collapse of Aztec society linked to catastrophic
Mexica
16th-century Mesoamerican manuscript
The Codex Kingsborough, also known as the Codex Tepetlaoztoc or the Memorial de los Indios de Tepetlaoztoc, is a 16th-century Mesoamerican pictorial manuscript
Codex_Kingsborough
Aztec deity
shield Chicomecōātl, as depicted in Codex Magliabechiano Relief with Maize Goddess (Chicomecóatl), Stone, Aztec. Maize Deity (Chicomecoatl), basalt (Museo
Chicomecōātl
School for the sons of Aztec nobility
Florentine Codex of the General History of the Things of New Spain (Books III, VI, and VIII) and part 3 of the Codex Mendoza. The calmecac of the Aztec capital
Calmecac
Outer garment worn by men in Aztec Mexico
annually. Handbook to Life in the Aztec World by Manuel Aguilar-Moreno, Facts on File, New York, 2006 The Essential Codex Mendoza by Frances F. Berdan and
Tilmàtli
Axe
a tool. Its use is documented by the Codex Mendoza and the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer. Tax collectors from the Aztec Empire demanded this kind of axe as tribute
Tlaximaltepoztli
Nahuatl screenfold manuscript
and History (INAH). The content held within this codex has been significant to our understanding of Aztec culture and time keeping systems. The Tonalamatl
Aubin_Tonalamatl
Serpent sculptures made by Aztecs
The use of serpents in Aztec art ranges greatly from being an inclusion in the iconography of important religious figures such as Quetzalcoatl and Cōātlīcue
Serpents_in_Aztec_art
Edible seeds of Salvia hispanica or related
pictured in the Codex Mendoza and the Florentine codex, Aztec codices created between 1540 and 1585. Tribute records from the Mendoza Codex, Matrícula de
Chia_seed
1521 conquest of the Aztec capital by the Spanish Empire and rival indigenous tribes
accounts were recorded in the Florentine Codex concerning the adverse effects of the smallpox epidemic of the Aztecs, which stated, "many died from this plague
Fall_of_Tenochtitlan
Creation Legend of the Aztecs
the term "Five Suns" refers to the belief of certain Nahua cultures and Aztec peoples that the world has gone through five distinct cycles of creation
Five_Suns
Aztec deity
Chimalman or Chīmalmā /t͡ʃiːmalmaː/ is a goddess in Aztec mythology, and was considered by the Aztecs to be the mother of the Toltec gods Quetzalcoatl and
Chīmalmā
Aztec goddess
In Aztec religion, Coyolxāuhqui (Nahuatl pronunciation: [kojoɬˈʃaːʍki], "Painted with Bells") is a daughter of the goddess Cōātlīcue ("Serpent Skirt")
Coyolxāuhqui
First Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Aztecs (or Mexica) of Tenochtitlan, and founder of the Aztec imperial dynasty. Chronicles differ as to the dates of his reign: according to the Codex
Acamapichtli
Queen regnant of Ecatepec
Tlapalizquixochtzin was an Aztec noblewoman and Queen regnant of the Aztec city of Ecatepec. She was also a consort of Moctezuma II. She was born as a
Tlapalizquixochtzin
Author of 16th-century notes on Florentine artists
being compiled over the same period. It is not to be confused with the Aztec Codex Magliabechiano in the same library. While the opening section is devoted
Anonimo_Gaddiano
Aztec mythological serpent
In Aztec religion, Xiuhcōātl [ʃiʍˈkoːaːt͡ɬ] was a mythological serpent, regarded as the spirit form of Xiuhtecuhtli, the Aztec fire deity sometimes represented
Xiuhcōātl
Aztec goddess
about Huixtocihuatl and how the Aztecs celebrated her comes from Bernardino de Sahagún's manuscripts. His Florentine Codex explains how Huixtocihuatl became
Huixtocihuatl
Fourth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Aztec political sphere. Itzcoatl's mother is given as a Tepanec woman from Azcapotzalco; see for example Aguilar-Moreno (2007, p. 39). Madrid Codex,
Itzcoatl
Nahua aide to Hernán Cortés
Coast, who became known for contributing to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521), by acting as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary
La_Malinche
Aztec merchants
subject of Book 9 of the Florentine Codex (1576), compiled by Bernardino de Sahagún. Pochteca occupied a high status in Aztec society, below the noble class
Pochteca
AZTEC CODEX
AZTEC CODEX
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Aztec, British, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, Swiss
Light; Illumination; Form of Luke; A Region of Southern Italy; Bringer of Light
Boy/Male
Spanish American
Courteous.. The Spanish explorer and adventurer Cortez conquered the Aztec civilization of Mexico...
AZTEC CODEX
AZTEC CODEX
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pulakitha | பà¯à®²à®•à¯€à®¤à®¾
Shivering with Joy
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
A flower
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jasevaraj | ஜஸேவாராஜ
Heart of relation
Girl/Female
French, German, Portuguese
Bear; Courageous; Brave as a Bear; Strong; Bear-hard; Female Version of Bernard
Boy/Male
Celtic American Gaelic Scottish Shakespearean
Dark skinned fighter.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Insuvai | இநà¯à®¸à¯à®µà®¾à®ˆ
A common name given for all sweets, Generally it means sweet
Female
Welsh
Welsh unisex name PADERAU means "beads; rosary."
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Meditation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Foolan | பூலந, பூலà®
Flowering, Blooming, Flower
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Greek, Swedish
Pure; Torture
AZTEC CODEX
AZTEC CODEX
AZTEC CODEX
AZTEC CODEX
AZTEC CODEX
pl.
of Codex
n.
An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures, or any part of them, particularly the New Testament.
a.
Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519.
a.
Relating to a codex, or a code.
n.
A collection of canons.
n.
A book; a manuscript.
n.
One of the Aztec race or people.
n.
A collection or digest of laws; a code.