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Signaling molecule enabling detection and response to cell-population density
In biology, an autoinducer is a signaling molecule that enables detection and response to changes in the population density of bacterial cells. Synthesized
Autoinducer
Chemical compound
Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (species dependent) that—as the name suggests—is an autoinducer, a member of a
Autoinducer-2
Signaling molecule in the bacterium Vibrio cholerae
Cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1) is an autoinducer signaling molecule present in the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. CAI-1 is known structurally
Cholera_autoinducer-1
Species of bacterium
regulating the operon. The luxI gene produces the autoinducer (N-acyl homoserine lactone, AHL). The autoinducer binds to the LuxR protein, and this complex
Aliivibrio_fischeri
Biological ability to detect and respond to cell population density
autocrine signaling: a cell produces both an autoinducer molecule and the receptor for the autoinducer. As one example, quorum sensing enables bacteria
Quorum_sensing
Class of chemical compounds
bacteria species (including several pathogenic species) use AHLs as autoinducers and the means of their communication in quorum sensing. In one study
N-Acyl_homoserine_lactone
Bacteria that produce light through chemiluminescence
LuxR, encoded by luxI and luxR respectively. LuxI is autoinducer synthase that produces autoinducer (AI) while LuxR functions as both a receptor and transcription
Bioluminescent_bacteria
Species of bacterium
which may utilize autoinducers or other mechanisms in order to restrict colonization by V. cholerae or other enteropathogens. Autoinducers, specifically with
Vibrio_cholerae
Domain of microorganisms
bacteria to coordinate gene expression and to produce, release, and detect autoinducers or pheromones that accumulate with the growth in cell population. Classification
Bacteria
information about other species as well. This universal molecule is called autoinducer 2 or AI-2. AI-2 was first discovered in the light producing system of
Interspecies_quorum_sensing
American microbiologist
called an autoinducer, which was not identified until 1981. In 1985, Greenberg reported that, instead of a complex mechanism, the autoinducer simply passively
Everett_Peter_Greenberg
Protein family
C-terminal region of the protein; the N-terminal region often containing an autoinducer-binding domain or a response regulatory domain. Most luxR-type regulators
LuxR-type DNA-binding HTH domain
LuxR-type_DNA-binding_HTH_domain
One of the five major groups of lipoprotein
mechanism of antagonism entails binding apolipoprotein B to a S. aureus autoinducer pheromone, preventing signaling through its receptor. Mice deficient
Low-density_lipoprotein
Protein family
amidases. Furthermore, LuxS is involved in the synthesis of autoinducer AI-2 (autoinducer-2), which mediates quorum sensing in roughly half of bacterial
S-ribosylhomocysteine_lyase
Species of bacterium
Yuichiro; Ebisu, Shigeyuki; Kato, Akio (2006). "Characterization of autoinducer 2 signal in Eikenella corrodens and its role in biofilm formation". Journal
Eikenella_corrodens
Species of bacterium
or quorum sensing (QS) via the production of small molecules called autoinducers that are released into the external environment. These signals, when
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Class of enzymes
AHL synthase, AHS, AHSL synthase, AhyI, AinS, AinS protein, autoinducer synthase, autoinducer synthesis protein rhlI, EsaI, ExpISCC1, ExpISCC3065, LasI
Acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase
Acyl-homoserine-lactone_synthase
American biologist
autoinduction), the bacteria release a substance into the medium, the autoinducer. Once the concentration of this substance reaches a critical level (a
John_Woodland_Hastings
Protein found in humans
infection. The mechanism of antagonism entails binding ApoB to a S. aureus autoinducer pheromone, preventing signaling through its receptor. Mice deficient
Apolipoprotein_B
Species of bacterium
bacterium that uses a synthase (LuxI) to produce a species-specific autoinducer (AI) that binds a cognate receptor (LuxR) that regulates changes in expression
Vibrio_harveyi
RNA family
is responsible for the species-specific interaction with the 5’UTR of autoinducer synthase encoding mRNA sinI. The interaction negatively influences sinI
RcsR1_small_RNA
Rgg/SHP quorum sensing system
signaling Short Hydrophobic Peptide (SHP). The SHP acts as a pheromone (or autoinducer) and is generally secreted by peptidase-containing ABC transporters such
Regulator gene glucosyltransferases (Rgg/SHP) systems
Regulator_gene_glucosyltransferases_(Rgg/SHP)_systems
is mediated by 4, 5-dihydroxy-2, 3-pentanedione (DPD), also known as autoinducer-2 (Al-2). The evolution of the human oral microbiome can be traced through
Oral_microbiology
System of communication
coordinated response. In this context, the signaling molecules are called autoinducers. This signaling mechanism may have been involved in evolution from unicellular
Cell_signaling
Class of antibacterial drugs, subgroup of quinolones
Williams P, Cámara M (March 2011). "Quinolones: from antibiotics to autoinducers". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 35 (2): 247–274. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976
Quinolone_antibiotic
Chemical compound
hydrates. DPD reacts with boric acid to form a borate diester known as autoinducer-2 (AI-2). AI-2 is a signaling molecule used for bacterial quorum sensing
4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione
4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione
Species of bacterium
6-N-acetylglucosamine PNAG, acyl-homoserine lactones through AbaR receptor, and AbaI autoinducer synthase. Moreover, inactivation of adeRS operon negatively affects biofilm
Acinetobacter_baumannii
Movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus
Laganenka L, Colin R, Sourjik V (30 September 2016). "Chemotaxis towards autoinducer 2 mediates autoaggregation in Escherichia coli". Nature Communications
Chemotaxis
Species of bacterium
(short hydrophobic peptides) that are quorum sensing pheromones, a.k.a. autoinducers. The SHP's are translated to an immature form of the pheromone and must
Streptococcus_pyogenes
Theory connecting gene loss in microbial communities to natural selection
conclusion is twofold: When autoinducers are costly, any microbial strain that simultaneously produces both the autoinducer and mixed goods is unlikely
Black_Queen_hypothesis
Chemical compound
small RNAs that, ultimately, control the production of quorum sensing autoinducers. Since this interaction occurs at the proximal Hfq binding site (the
Ajoene
Semmelhack MF, Bassler BL (2007-11-14). "The major Vibrio cholerae autoinducer and its role in virulence factor production". Nature. 450 (7171): 883–886
History_of_cholera
Film of microorganisms on a surface
enclose bacterial biofilms. The matrix exopolysaccharides can trap QS autoinducers within the biofilm to prevent predator detection and ensure bacterial
Biofilm
Species of bacterium
a consecutive sequence. This is accomplished via detection of small autoinducers which are secreted in response to increasing cell-population density
Lactobacillus_acidophilus
American molecular biologist
Bassler, Bonnie L. (December 21, 2001). "The LuxS family of bacterial autoinducers: biosynthesis of a novel quorum-sensing signal molecule". Molecular Microbiology
Bonnie_Bassler
Bacterium, genetic engineering tool
N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC8HSL) or the Agrobacterium autoinducer. This activates the transcription factor TraR, positively regulating
Agrobacterium_tumefaciens
Behavioral pattern of microorganisms
involves the secretion by individual cells of 'signaling' molecules, called autoinducers or pheromones. These bacteria also have a receptor that can specifically
Microbial_cooperation
Species of bacterium
of V. cholerae. The data show that the expression of quorum sensing autoinducers by B. obeum is increased in V. cholera infections and they repress the
Blautia_obeum
Circular plasmid used in creation of transgenic plants
to bacterial population densities by sensing a molecule, known as an autoinducer, that is produced by the bacterial cells at low levels and would build
Ti_plasmid
Species of cephalopods known as the Hawaiian bobtail squid
Biological Bulletin 195: 326-336. Effects of colonization, luminescence, and autoinducer on host transcription during development of the squid-vibrio association
Euprymna_scolopes
Molecule to signal group actions in cells
sensing are called autoinducers, which are communicatory molecules that can induce conformist actions among a group. Specific autoinducers are used to influence
Pseudomonas_quinolone_signal
Infection of an artificial joint
attach to each other and to the joint surface. The bacteria then secrete autoinducer proteins that act as bacterial signals which facilitate the secretion
Prosthetic_joint_infection
Enzyme Commission numbers
12: ABC-type capsular-polysaccharide transporter EC 7.6.2.13: ABC-type autoinducer-2 transporter EC 7.6.2.14: ABC-type aliphatic sulfonate transporter EC
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)
7IV-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.188: 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone 7-kinase EC 2.7.1.189: autoinducer-2 kinase EC 2.7.1.190: aminoglycoside 2′′-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)
Phenomenon in physics
(2023). "Regulation of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Ultrasound: Role of Autoinducer-2 and Finite-Element Analysis of Acoustic Streaming". Ultrasound in Medicine
Acoustic_streaming
Bacterial molecular machine
attributable to differences in quorum-sensing levels. In Vibrio cholerae, autoinducer-1 (AI-1) signals are detected by LuxQ, a sensor kinase. LuxQ activates
Type_VI_secretion_system
protein involved in quorum sensing, particularly in the synthesis of autoinducer molecules. Quorum-sensing E. coli regulator A (QseA) is found in LuxS
Locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator
Locus_of_enterocyte_effacement-encoded_regulator
Spanish-American bioanalytical chemist
and whole-cell systems for detecting quorum sensing molecules such as autoinducer-2. Her work has also addressed stimuli-responsive biomaterials and nanotechnology-based
Sylvia_Daunert
Metabolites produced by probiotics
W. (2012-10-01). "Bifidobacterium spp. influences the production of autoinducer-2 and biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7". Anaerobe. 18 (5):
Proteobiotics
Marine bacterium
aquatic organisms. Quorum sensing allows the bacterium to communicate with autoinducers, a chemical signaling molecule that is secreted. Some strains of V. campellii
Vibrio_campbellii
Classification of membrane proteins including ion channels
(MEX) Family 2.A.85 The Aromatic Acid Exporter (ArAE) Family 2.A.86 The Autoinducer-2 Exporter (AI-2E) Family (Formerly the PerM Family, TC #9.B.22) 2.A
Transporter Classification Database
Transporter_Classification_Database
Biological molecule
utilized in V. harveyi for the phenomenon of bioluminescence. Three autoinducers (AIs) are produced by this species: AI-1, LuxS, and CAI-1. LuxN, LuxPq
Qrr_RNA
Species of bacterium
sensitivity to the antivibrio agent O/129. V. scopthalmi produces two autoinducers (AIs) and possesses a quorum sensing (QS) system that are similar to
Vibrio_scophthalmi
gram-positive bacterium, is capable of quorum sensing and can release autoinducers, chemical signals that increase as concentration based on density. CSPs
Competence stimulating peptide
Competence_stimulating_peptide
Aggregation of microorganisms in low coastline
the production and release of signaling molecules known as autoinducers. When autoinducers reach a specific threshold concentration, signaling pathways
Intertidal_biofilm
Genus of bacteria
fluorescence. However, the fluorescence is based on the accumulation of autoinducers which is proportional to cell density and therefore free-living photobacterium
Photobacterium
small soluble molecules called autoinducers that contain the ability to express genetic competence in other cells. Autoinducers are used as a type of quorum
Competence_factor
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Captivating
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Lord Buddha, Trigya with Esh as Ishwar
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Calm, A name of Lord Hanuman
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Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Endless; Eternal
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Named for Venus.
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Kshiraj | கà¯à®·à¯€à®°à®¾à®œ
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Heaviest
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Lord Shiva
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Father rejoiced, or father's joy. Gives joy. The intelligent, beautiful Abigail was Old Testament...
AUTOINDUCER
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