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Music that lacks a tonal center or key
Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. Atonality, in this sense, usually describes compositions written from about
Atonality
Country primarily in Western Europe
followed. His music is noted for its sensory content and frequent usage of atonality. Erik Satie was a key member of the early-20th-century Parisian avant-garde
France
Austrian-American composer (1874–1951)
otherworldly realm. Its final two movements extend chromatic harmony toward atonality, which was emerging amid a wider historical shift. As in a choral symphony
Arnold_Schoenberg
Cultural and artistic movement
abstract art, literary stream-of-consciousness, cinematic montage, musical atonality and twelve-tonality, modern dance, modernist architecture, and urban planning
Modernism
1909 composition by Arnold Schoenberg
composer Arnold Schoenberg in 1909. They represent an early example of atonality in the composer's work. The tempo markings of the three pieces are: Mässige
Drei Klavierstücke (Schoenberg)
Drei_Klavierstücke_(Schoenberg)
Art movement
although some date postmodernism from as early as about 1930. Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, and electronic music were all developed
20th-century_classical_music
divided into three (somewhat arbitrary) periods, based on increasing atonality: early, 1883–1902 (Opp. 1–29); middle, 1903–1909 (Opp. 30–58); and late
List of compositions by Alexander Scriabin
List_of_compositions_by_Alexander_Scriabin
Music genre
was retrospectively described by The Guardian as showcasing "an edge of atonality and barely controlled chaos." Similarly, the Up, formed in Michigan in
Punk_rock
Song cycle by Arnold Schoenberg on poems by Stefan George
Gardens breaks away from conventional musical order through its usage of atonality. The piece was premiered by Austrian singer Martha Winternitz-Dorda and
The Book of the Hanging Gardens
The_Book_of_the_Hanging_Gardens
Art form combining sung text and musical score in a theatrical setting
Bohemia. The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality and serialism (Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg), neoclassicism (Igor
Opera
English avant-garde guitarist (1930–2005)
abandoned conventional performance techniques found in jazz, exploring atonality, noise, and whatever unusual sounds he could produce with the guitar.
Derek_Bailey_(guitarist)
Music scene
took rock instrumentation and experimented with noise, dissonance, and atonality, as well as non-rock genres like free jazz, funk, and disco. The scene
No_wave
1925 opera by Alban Berg; Berg's first opera
to musical form heightened the opera's psychological realism. He used atonality and leitmotifs to show individuals' emotional and existential plight under
Wozzeck
German composer (1813–1883)
point, and twentieth century scholars see in the opera the beginnings of atonality." Tristan is often granted a special place in musical history; many see
Richard_Wagner
Austrian composer and conductor (1883–1945)
Forte and Heinz-Klaus Metzger noted Webern's anticipation of Schoenberg's atonality in Op. 10. In 1906, Schoenberg assigned Webern Bach chorales to harmonize
Anton_Webern
Musical composition method
out of Schoenberg's frustrations with free atonality,[page needed] providing a "positive premise" for atonality. In Hauer's breakthrough piece Nomos, Op
Twelve-tone_technique
Experimental rock music mixed with noise
noise, merging extreme levels of guitar distortion, electronic effects, atonality, improvisation, and white noise with that of traditional rock music instrumentation
Noise_rock
Austrian/American composer (1900–1991)
December 1991) was an Austrian, later American, composer. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here
Ernst_Krenek
German philosopher, sociologist, and theorist (1903–1969)
more pronounced. According to Adorno, twelve-tone technique's use of atonality can no more be regarded as an authoritative canon than can tonality be
Theodor_W._Adorno
1977 film score by John Williams
modernistic writing, making use of extended orchestral techniques and atonality. † 1978 reissue – bonus track (cassette), free bonus 7" single (vinyl
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (soundtrack)
Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind_(soundtrack)
Czech composer (1854–1928)
"there is no music without key. Atonality abolishes definite key, and thus tonal modulation.... Folksong knows of no atonality." Janáček features accompaniment
Leoš_Janáček
American musician (born 1942)
second style was a merging of saxophonist John Coltrane's free-jazz atonalities, which hinted at the droning of the sitar, a style of playing first heard
Roger_McGuinn
American composer
serialist style, and atonality in general, was the subject of much of his theoretical writings. His 1962 book, Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction
George_Perle
Music school
of harmony, namely the gradual abandonment of tonality – towards free atonality and finally towards twelve-tone technique. Towards the end of the 19th
Neue_Musik
Music which predated the punk movement and subculture
was retrospectively described by The Guardian as showcasing "an edge of atonality and barely controlled chaos." Similarly, the Up, formed in Michigan in
Proto-punk
Film genre
physiological effects that override learned reactions and behaviors. Dissonance, atonality and experiments with timbre are typical techniques used by composers in
Horror_film
Group of composers in 20th century Vienna
chromatic expressionism without a firm tonal centre, often referred to as atonality; and later still, Schoenberg's serial twelve-tone technique. Using this
Second_Viennese_School
Art with a degree of independence from visual references
Absolute music Abstract animation Abstract comics Abstract photography Atonality Avant-garde music Bauhaus dances Concrete poetry Experimental film Indeterminacy
Abstract_art
German composer (1926–2012)
oeuvre is extremely varied in style, having been influenced by serialism, atonality, Neoclassicism, Italian music, Arabic music and jazz, as well as traditional
Hans_Werner_Henze
American composer and conductor (1900–1990)
that he had recognized but not fully embraced. He had also believed the atonality of serialized music to run counter to his desire to reach a wide audience
Aaron_Copland
Musical concept by Arnold Schoenberg
"Opinion or Insight?". It may be described as a metanarrative to justify atonality. The musicologist Jim Samson describes: As the ear becomes acclimatized
Emancipation of the dissonance
Emancipation_of_the_dissonance
Improvisational approach
a direct synonym to terms such as free improvisation, polytonality or atonality but a musical phenomenon in its own right. Also, outside concerns tonal
Outside_(jazz)
English composer and pianist (1913–1976)
Sonnets of John Donne. Britten's technique in this cycle ranges from atonality in the first song to firm tonality later, with a resolute B major chord
Benjamin_Britten
Extreme subgenre of heavy metal music
drumming, featuring double kick and blast beat techniques; minor keys or atonality; abrupt tempo, key, and time signature changes; and chromatic chord progressions
Death_metal
French composer (1905–1974)
culture and musical thought, Jolivet drew on his interest in acoustics and atonality, as well as both ancient and modern musical influences, particularly on
André_Jolivet
tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, blast beat drumming, minor keys or atonality, and complex song structures with multiple tempo changes. Contents: 0–9
List of American death metal bands
List_of_American_death_metal_bands
British musician (born 1948)
Assembly in 1992, recorded between 1985 and 1990. This album embraces atonality and abandons most conventional concepts of modes, scales and pitch. Emancipated
Brian_Eno
1899 song cycle by Arnold Schoenberg
among others, these four songs use a fair amount of the dissonance and atonality that Schoenberg is known for. The first three of the poems that Schoenberg
Vier_Lieder_(Schoenberg)
1986, is in a single large movement, alternating between anguished near-atonality and much more consonant slow episodes, largely in the accents of Mahler;
Symphony_No._5_(Rochberg)
German publicist and Nazi Party official (1893–1978)
particularly with regards to "degenerate" music. He was a strong critic of atonality, dismissing it as decadent "cultural Bolshevism". In May 1938 he curated
Hans_Severus_Ziegler
Yugoslav composer (1930–2022)
late-Romantic style, while his later works show increasing tendencies toward atonality and freedom from traditional forms. Bergamo’s works for winds include:
Petar_Bergamo
Tonal center of a diatonic scale
Samson, Jim (1977). Music in Transition: A Study of Tonal Expansion and Atonality, 1900–1920. New York City: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-02193-9. OCLC 3240273
Tonic_(music)
Oratorio by Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg that marks his transition from a contextual or free atonality toward the twelve-tone technique anticipated in the oratorio's use of
Die_Jakobsleiter
American classical composer
period work displays a combination of the tonality of folk music with atonality. Compositions representative of this period include Homage to Sarasate
Leonardo_Balada
French composer (1835–1921)
the musical impressionists, led by Debussy. Nor did Arnold Schönberg's atonality commend itself to Saint-Saëns: There is no longer any question of adding
Camille_Saint-Saëns
Hungarian composer and pianist (1811–1886)
compositional styles, many of Liszt's later works also feature experiments in atonality, foreshadowing developments in 20th-century classical music. Today he
Franz_Liszt
Croatian composer
attempted to incorporate new ideas, such as bitonality, polytonality, and atonality. On occasion he employed serial techniques, but never completely or strictly
Rudolf_Brucci
French composer (1875–1937)
earlier pieces. Other influences on him in this period were jazz and atonality. Jazz was popular in Parisian cafés, and French composers such as Darius
Maurice_Ravel
American composer (1911–1971)
Franklyn and previous composer Carl Stalling, with a tendency towards atonality. A sense of tension is often created in Lava's scores using sequences
William_Lava
1954 opera by Benjamin Britten
through the opera. Typically of Britten, the music mixes tonality and atonality. The opera was commissioned by the Venice Biennale, written in four months
The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(opera)
Musical scale set of twelve pitches
of fundamental notes from which scales could be constructed as well. Atonality Chromaticism Twelve-tone technique 20th century music#Classical "All Through
Chromatic_scale
1951 studio album by Stan Kenton
austere nature of his arrangement and use of pantonality (one might call it atonality in spots) makes one wonder how June Christy is able to pick off the 9th
City of Glass (Stan Kenton album)
City_of_Glass_(Stan_Kenton_album)
French classical composer (1862–1918)
Dennis Dobson. ISBN 978-0-234-77251-5. Reti, Rudolph (1958). Tonality–Atonality–Pantonality: A Study of Some Trends in Twentieth Century Music. London:
Claude_Debussy
Italian composer, pianist, and conductor (1866–1924)
of Music, he developed a more individual style, often with elements of atonality. His visits to America led to interest in North American indigenous tribal
Ferruccio_Busoni
1966 oratorio by Krzysztof Penderecki
sources such as the Stabat Mater. Despite the Passion's almost total atonality and use of avant-garde musical techniques, the musical public appreciated
St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)
neoromantic, atonality Albert Arlen 1905 1993 Turkish Australian Paul Arma 1905 1987 Hungarian-French Vytautas Bacevičius 1905 1970 Lithuanian atonality Marc
List of 20th-century classical composers
List_of_20th-century_classical_composers
String quartet composed by Ruth Crawford Seeger
MI: University of Michigan Press, 1990, pp. 405–422. Perle, George. "Atonality and the Twelve-Note System in the United States," in The Score. Vol. 27
String Quartet 1931 (Crawford Seeger)
String_Quartet_1931_(Crawford_Seeger)
Musical method or technique of composition
tonal system to accommodate their ideas. After a brief period of free atonality, Schoenberg and others began exploring tone rows, in which an ordering
Serialism
Catalan composer, flutist and conductor
Faithful to his language, he has maintained melody and tonality, without atonality to condition his style. As a conductor, with an international career,
Salvador_Brotons
reviewers. Lezard calls attention to Goodall's dismissive treatment of both atonality and serialism, criticising the work as falling within what he terms the
The_Story_of_Music
Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist (1906–1975)
for him. Shostakovich's works are broadly tonal but with elements of atonality and chromaticism. In some of his later works (e.g., the Twelfth Quartet)
Dmitri_Shostakovich
American jazz pianist and composer (1920–2012)
training and his own improvisational skills. He expressed elements of atonality and fugue. Brubeck, with Desmond, used elements of West Coast jazz near
Dave_Brubeck
American composer
but beginning in the late 1960s he turned to a freer form of chromatic atonality. He was "perhaps the first Mexican-American composer of classical music
Ramiro_Cortés
Musical composition by Béla Bartók
departure from the tonality of 19th century composition. The work borders on atonality, and Bartók adopted some techniques of Debussy and Schoenberg. Bartók
14_Bagatelles
Subgenre and period of rock music
Girls, and Rhys Chatham instead experimented with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles. The former four groups were included on
Post-punk
Topics referred to by the same term
Atonic may refer to: In music: Atonality, lack of a key or tonal center In medicine: Atony, a muscle losing its strength In linguistics: Atonic or unaccented
Atonic
Music genre
known for their use of synthesizers "vying with post-hardcore's rabid atonality". Outside the Gravity roster, another band that played an important role
Post-hardcore
Paraguayan classical guitarist
treatment, including his last compositions, with an obvious tendency to atonality. His work as a music teacher has produced the appearance of young talents
Cayo_Sila_Godoy
Belgian composer and pianist
alternating with slow, expressive passages. His music grew from polytonality to atonality but always remained clear in timbre and texture. In addition to numerous
Marcel_Quinet
Harmonic structure with a central pitch
Plainsong and Medieval Music 4:117–147. Lowinsky, Edward. 1962. Tonality and Atonality in Sixteenth-Century Music. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
Tonality
Movement in Western music
This may be representative of Schoenberg entering the "new world" of atonality. In 1909, Schoenberg composed the one-act 'monodrama' Erwartung (Expectation)
Expressionist_music
1997 studio album by the Jelly Roll Kings
reminiscent of the earliest electric guitarists; he hovers on the edge of atonality like Roy Buchanan but every note is heartfelt." The St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Off_Yonder_Wall
Form of classical music composed for a small group of instruments
includes a soprano, has no key signature. Schoenberg further explored atonality with Pierrot Lunaire, for singer, flute or piccolo, clarinet, violin,
Chamber_music
Puerto Rican composer (born 1947)
Alejandro, the piece is tonal; much of her work tends instead towards atonality. She has composed for a variety of instrumental combinations, including
Esther_Alejandro_de_León
Music genre
jazz artists would also begin incorporating modernist ideas, such as atonality and serialism. With the release of The Shape of Jazz to Come in 1959,
Avant-garde_jazz
Brazilian post-punk band
experimental and almost non-descript musical style, that uses dodecaphonism and atonality as main principles of composition and flirts with many different genres
Patife_Band
1913 composition by Leo Ornstein
United States Antheil Babbitt Carter Cowell Ives Genres and techniques Atonality Experimental Expressionism Futurism Microtonal Modes of limited transposition
Wild_Men's_Dance
American composer and lyricist (1930–2021)
According to Sondheim, when he asked Milton Babbitt if he could study atonality, Babbitt replied: "You haven't exhausted tonal resources for yourself
Stephen_Sondheim
Film genre that combines aspects of horror film and supernatural film
1950s, many "Gothic and supernatural horror movies utilize dissonance, atonality, and unusual configurations of instruments to signify all sorts of anomalous
Supernatural_horror_film
Two Lieder by Arnold Schoenberg
(Relatives by marriage) Related Arnold Schönberg Complete Edition 6-20 6-Z44 Atonality Developing variation Expressionist music Second Viennese School Schönberg
Zwei Gesänge, Op. 1 (Schoenberg)
Zwei_Gesänge,_Op._1_(Schoenberg)
Musical chord
significance is in its move away from traditional tonal harmony, and even toward atonality. With this chord, Wagner actually provoked the sound or structure of musical
Tristan_chord
Musical technique
United States Antheil Babbitt Carter Cowell Ives Genres and techniques Atonality Experimental Expressionism Futurism Microtonal Modes of limited transposition
Pandiatonicism
1964 studio album by Freddie Hubbard
Music in the 20th Century called the album "a crackling mixture of free atonality, beautiful melody and blues feeling." All compositions by Freddie Hubbard
Breaking_Point!
String quartet
The Strad magazine wrote that "A melt-in-the-ears quality ... made the atonality of the Britten less of a challenge and the Haydn that much sweeter". A
Badke_Quartet
Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor (1860–1911)
trio's move from progressive tonalism to atonality (music without a key); although Mahler rejected atonality, he became a fierce defender of the bold
Gustav_Mahler
French composer (1916–2013)
include very refined orchestral textures; complex rhythms; a preference for atonality and modality over tonality; the use of pedal points that serve as atonal
Henri_Dutilleux
Dutch composer
more direct and eclectic idiom in which present and past, tonality and atonality, classical and non-classical influences can coexist in a natural way.
Joey_Roukens
American composer and orchestrator
Animatrix (2002). It was set apart from other film scores of its time for its atonality and avant garde style of composition, with influences from polytonal minimalist
Don_Davis_(composer)
Class of musical pitch sets
consonant relations as opposed to the dissonance methods normally employed by atonality. While it is often and confusingly overlapped with the Euler–Fokker genus
Hexany
Music written to accompany a film
later, Leonard Rosenman, inspired by Arnold Schoenberg, experimented with atonality in his scores for East of Eden (1955) and Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
Film_score
Spanish composer (1906–2003)
characterized by the use of free counterpoint, already moving towards atonality, and beginning in 1954 he began using twelve-tone technique. While his
Joaquim_Homs
Type of musical composition
features characteristic of common-practice tonality with features of atonality. The most common means of establishing a tonal centre in neotonality is
Neotonality
Quality of a musical note or sound or tone
Samson, Jim (1977). Music in Transition: A Study of Tonal Expansion and Atonality, 1900–1920. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-02193-9
Timbre
Austrian pianist and conductor (born c. 1965)
Canadian docudrama about Arnold Schoenberg and this composer's way to atonality. Vladar was awarded the Mozartinterpretationspreis of the Mozartgemeinde
Stefan_Vladar
Six-note synthetic chord that appears in compositions by Alexander Scriabin
Samson, Jim (1977). Music in Transition: A Study of Tonal Expansion and Atonality, 1900–1920. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 156–7. ISBN 0-393-02193-9. "Orthography
Mystic_chord
Russian composer (1882–1971)
techniques, including uneven rhythms and meters, superimposed harmonies, atonality, and extensive instrumentation. With radical choreography by the young
Igor_Stravinsky
Works of the Hungarian composer
exact manner, composers who would further explore the modern concept of atonality. Liszt's work also foreshadowed the impressionism that would characterize
Late_works_of_Franz_Liszt
Type of music that emphasizes expansion of form and stylistic variety
Paul Hindemith. Its "progressive" features were replete with dissonance, atonality, and brash effects. Progressive jazz was most popularized by the bandleader
Progressive_music
Music genre
Ambient house tracks generally lack a diatonic center and feature much atonality along with synthesized chords. The Dutch Brainvoyager is an example of
Ambient_music
Chord progression
2307/854270. JSTOR 854270. Lowinsky, Edward Elias (1961). Tonality and Atonality in Sixteenth-Century Music. University of California Press. Lukas, Perry
Andalusian_cadence
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