Search references for ANCIENT MAYA-ART. Phrases containing ANCIENT MAYA-ART
See searches and references containing ANCIENT MAYA-ART!ANCIENT MAYA-ART
Aspect of Mayan culture
Ancient Maya art comprises the visual arts of the Maya civilization, an eastern and south-eastern Mesoamerica culture made up of a great number of small
Ancient_Maya_art
Mesoamerican civilization (c. 2000 BC – 1697 AD)
The Maya civilization (/ˈmaɪə/) was a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from antiquity to the early modern period. Known by its ancient temples and
Maya_civilization
Art by advanced cultures of ancient societies
Ancient art refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with different forms of writing, such as those of China
Ancient_art
Clothing of the Maya peoples
have traditionally created textiles in Maya society, and textiles were a significant form of ancient Maya art and religious beliefs. They were considered
Maya_textiles
Style of Ancient Maya art
celebrated and recognizable styles of Ancient Maya art. It was first identified in 1973 by Michael Coe in the book The Maya Scribe and His World, in which the
Codex_Style
Art of the Pre-Columbian civilizations
back to Europe intact. Gradually art of earlier civilizations that had already collapsed, especially Maya art and Olmec art, became widely known, mostly for
Pre-Columbian_art
Diet of the Ancient Mesoamerican civilization
Ancient Maya cuisine was varied and extensive. Many different types of resources were consumed, including maritime, flora, and faunal material, and food
Ancient_Maya_cuisine
Architecture style
and classic examples of Maya architecture. The temples like the ones at Palenque, Tikal, and Uxmal represent a zenith of Maya art and architecture. Through
Maya_architecture
Ancient Maya graffiti are a little-studied area of folk art of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Graffiti were incised into the stucco of interior
Ancient_Maya_graffiti
About Entheogenics and the Maya history/culture
creatures, spiritual figures. At present, most of the evidence comes from ancient Maya art and rare examples of residues of substances recovered from ceramic
Entheogenics_and_the_Maya
Music of the ancient Maya people
excavated musical instruments and painted and carved depictions of the ancient Maya that show how music was a complex element of societal and religious structure
Maya_music
Beliefs of the ancient Maya people
Among the Ancient Maya: Part I', in Primera Mesa Redonda de Palenque Part II, pp. 59–75. The Robert Louis Stevenson School, Pre-Columbian Art Research
Maya_religion
costumes of rulers on stelae and in other representations found in ancient Maya art. These plaques, which hung from belts, were used during rituals to
Maya_belt_plaques
Pre-Columbian pottery
Doyle, James (April 2017) [2000–]. "Ancient Maya Painted Ceramics". metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2019-10-25. Robinson, Mark;
Maya_ceramics
Writing system of the Maya civilization
Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, is historically the native writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican
Maya_script
Ancient Mayan city in Campeche, Mexico
Calakmul (/ˌkɑːlɑːkˈmuːl/; also Kalakmul and other less frequent variants) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles
Calakmul
Ritual offering of human flesh and lives to gods and goddesses
Spanish conquest in the 17th century. Human sacrifice is depicted in Classic Maya art, is mentioned in Classic period glyph texts and has been verified archaeologically
Human sacrifice in Maya culture
Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture
Carved stone slabs made by the Pre-Columbian Maya
Maya stelae (singular stela) are monuments that were fashioned by the Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. They consist of tall, sculpted stone shafts
Maya_stelae
Mazariegos, Oswaldo (2017), Art and Myth of the Ancient Maya. Yale UP. Christenson, Allen J. (2003), Popol Vuh. The Sacred Book of the Maya. 2 volumes. Winchester/New
Maya_mythology
Ancient Maya women had an important role in society: beyond propagating the culture through bearing and raising children, Maya women participated in economic
Women_in_Maya_society
Calendar used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in many modern communities in the Guatemalan highlands, Veracruz, Oaxaca
Maya_calendar
Serpent deity in Mesoamerican mythology
(/kuːkʊlˈkɑːn/; lit. "Plumed Serpent", "Amazing Serpent"), is the serpent deity of Maya mythology. It is closely related to the deity Qʼuqʼumatz of the Kʼicheʼ people
Kukulkan
Mesoamerican moon goddess
and the Third Gender. Chinchilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo (2017). Art and Myth of the Ancient Maya. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 205. ISBN 9780300224672
Maya_Moon_Goddess
noted in scholarly literature on the Maya civilisation. It includes: phrases in or from Mayan languages, terms of art employed particularly by Mayanist scholars
Glossary of the Maya civilisation
Glossary_of_the_Maya_civilisation
Ancient Greek art is the visual and applied arts, as well as the architecture, produced by the Hellenes or Greek peoples from the start of the Iron Age
Ancient_Greek_art
Centres of ancient Maya civilization in Mesoamerica
administration, commerce, manufacturing and religion that characterised ancient cities worldwide. Maya cities tended to be more dispersed than cities in other societies
Mayan_cities
Ceremonial dance in pre-Columbian Maya civilization
central component of social, religious, and political endeavors for the ancient Maya. The entire community danced, including kings, nobles, and common people
Maya_dance
Religious activity involving killings of humans and animals
of the Maya initiating conflicts solely for this purpose as was apparently the case with the Aztecs. Modern analysis of the ancient Maya art indicates
Sacrifice_in_Maya_culture
Ajaw
were royal or deities, women were not depicted frequently in ancient Maya art. Royal Maya women may be depicted via texts and in iconography such as on
Lady_Xoc
Azure blue pigment made in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
Maya blue (Spanish: azul maya) is a unique bright turquoise or azure blue pigment manufactured by cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, such as the Mayas
Maya_blue
Pre-Columbian Maya folding books
durable and a better writing surface than papyrus. Our knowledge of ancient Maya thought must represent only a tiny fraction of the whole picture, for
Maya_codices
Centers of power for the Maya civilization
Maya monarchs, also known as Maya kings and queens, were the centers of power for the Maya civilization. Each Maya city-state was controlled by a dynasty
Maya_monarchs
Mayan archaeological site in Tulum, Mexico
November 8, 2014. C. McEwan, Ancient Mexico in the British (London, The British Museum Press, 1994) M. Coe, Breaking the Maya code (London, Thames & Hudson
Tulum_Stela_1
Art of ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from
Art_of_ancient_Egypt
Ritualized practice of self-cutting in Mesoamerica
number of ideological and cultural functions within ancient Mesoamerican societies, in particular the Maya. When performed by ruling elites, the act of bloodletting
Bloodletting_in_Mesoamerica
Mesoamerican concept
predates the Maya and the Aztec. This cultural enclave extended from the Gulf of Mexico to Nicaragua. Most surviving representations in Olmec art, such as
Feathered_Serpent
Warfare of the Mesoamerican civilization
perpetuation of Maya society. The goals and motives of warfare in Maya culture are not thoroughly understood, but scholars have developed models for Maya warfare
Maya_warfare
Maya deity
most popular tales. In Maya oral tradition, maize is usually personified as a woman like rice in Southeast Asia or wheat in ancient Greece and Rome. The
Maya_maize_god
American archeologist (born 1965)
the study of ancient Mesoamerica, the area now called Mexico and Central America. His work has studied many aspects of the ancient Maya civilization.
David_Stuart_(Mayanist)
Piece of artwork on a large permanent surface
murals The National Society of Mural Painters (USA; founded 1895) Ancient Maya Art Ancient Prehispanic Murals Global Murals Conference 2006 at Prestoungrange
Mural
Mythological protagonists of the Popol Vuh
the Kʼicheʼ language, the Twins have also been identified in the art of the Classic Mayas (200–900 AD). The twins are often portrayed as complementary forces
Maya_Hero_Twins
Type of Maya conflict
Simon; Nikolai Grube (2008). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya (2nd ed.). London and New York: Thames &
Star_war
Musical instrument made from a seashell (conch)
instruments were used, often in a ritual context (see figure). In Ancient Maya art, such conches were often decorated with ancestral images; scenes painted
Conch_(instrument)
American art historian and Dean of Yale College (born 1952)
(born December 30, 1952) is an American art historian and academician specializing in Mesoamerica and the Maya. A native of New York, Miller earned her
Mary_Miller_(art_historian)
Archaeological site in Campeche, Mexico
Mesoamerican Studies. Kubler, George (1984) The Art and Architecture of Ancient America: The Mexican, Maya and Andean Peoples, Yale University Press. Muren
Jaina_Island
Maya vase
The Fenton Vase is the name of a famous ancient Maya vase or cup that was excavated from the archeological site of Nebaj in the western Guatemala highlands
Fenton_Vase
Mayan archaeological artifact
often irregular ('eccentric') shape produced by the Classic Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. Although generally referred to as "flints", they
Eccentric_flint
Aspect of Precolumbian Maya science
Maya astronomy is the study of the Moon, planets, Milky Way, Sun, and astronomical phenomena by the Precolumbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica. The
Maya_astronomy
exhibition demonstrated, through a never-before-assembled collection of ancient Maya art borrowed from sources as diverse as the British Museum and the Government
InterCultura
identified as the Postclassic version of the Vision Serpent of Classic Maya art. His Central Mexican counterpart was known as Quetzalcoatl. He was likely
List of Maya gods and supernatural beings
List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings
Ancient Maya city-state in Chiapas, Mexico
[pa'leŋke]; Yucatec Maya: Bàakʼ [ɓaːkʼ]), also anciently known in the Itzaʼ language as Lakamha ("big water" or "big waters"), was a Maya city-state in southern
Palenque
Decline of classic Maya civilization
In archaeology, the classic Maya collapse is a model to describe the destabilization of Classic Maya civilization and the violent collapse and abandonment
Classic_Maya_collapse
Pre-Columbian Maya city in Mexico
Studies Among the Ancient Cities of Mexico. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum. OCLC 906592292. Spinden, Herbert J. (1913). A Study of Maya Art, Its Subject Matter
Chichen_Itza
statue (tomb relief) Maya (Egyptian) w/Staff and hieroglyph inscriptions–(Tomb of Maya) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient Egyptian amulets.
List of ancient Egyptian statuary with amulet necklaces
List_of_ancient_Egyptian_statuary_with_amulet_necklaces
Medicine in the ancient Maya civilization
Maya medicine concerns health and medicine among the ancient Maya civilization. It was a complex blend of mind, body, religion, ritual and science. Important
Maya_medicine
Mythical creature in Asian and Indigenous American folklore that appears on the Moon
rabbits also exist among some indigenous cultures of the Americas. In ancient Maya art, glyphs, and inscriptions, a rabbit is frequently shown with the Moon
Moon_rabbit
Indigenous people of Mesoamerica
Maya (/ˈmaɪə/ MY-ə, Spanish: [ˈmaʝa]) are an ethnolinguistic group of Indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. The ancient Maya civilization was formed by members
Maya_peoples
Furniture in the ancient world
Marty, Lisa (2006). Ancient Aztecs. Lorenz Educational Press. ISBN 978-0-7877-0614-2. Service, Social Studies School (2006). Aztec, Maya, Inca. Social Studies
Ancient_furniture
Ruins of major ancient Maya city
capital of a state that became one of the most powerful kingdoms of the ancient Maya. Though monumental architecture at the site dates back as far as the
Tikal
this form of divination was still practiced among the Maya, Aztecs and Purépecha. In Mesoamerican art, mirrors are frequently associated with pools of liquid;
Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture
Mirrors_in_Mesoamerican_culture
Use of jade in mesoamerica
Doutriaux; Reiko Ishihara-Brito; Alexandre Tokovinine, eds. (2012). Ancient Maya art at Dumbarton Oaks. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library
Jade_use_in_Mesoamerica
Maya vase
noted example of Late Classic Maya ceramics in codex style. It was illegally looted and is now held by Princeton University Art Museum. Originally serving
Princeton Maya Vase with God L
Princeton_Maya_Vase_with_God_L
1920s–1930s modern architectural style
Marjorie, Maya Revival Style: Art Deco Maya Fantasy, Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City 1984 p. v Ingle, Marjorie, Mayan Revival Style: Art Deco Mayan
Mayan_Revival_architecture
Mayan archaeological artifact
the object's ownership. During the 1988 "Blood of Kings" Maya exhibition in the Kimbell Art Museum, Texas, the National Museum of Ethnology of Leiden
Leyden_plaque
Maya specialist Joanne Pillsbury states that "access to imported goods is perhaps the most recoverable aspect of prestige and leadership in ancient states
Economy of the Maya civilization
Economy_of_the_Maya_civilization
concept in Aztec religion would be Huehueteotl ('old god', 'ancient god'). David Stuart, The Maya Hieroglyphs for Mam, 'Grandfather, Grandson, Ancestor' (2000)
Mam_(Maya_mythology)
Mayan deity
Schellhas-Zimmermann letter designation, was an imporant deity for the ancient Maya. She is mainly attested to in the Dresden Codex and represented as a
Ixik_Kab/Sak_Ixik
Most of the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec, Maya, Mixtec, Zapotec and Aztec cultures practiced some kind of taking of human trophies
Human trophy taking in Mesoamerica
Human_trophy_taking_in_Mesoamerica
Social organization of the Pre-Hispanic Maya
Maya society concerns the social organization of the Pre-Hispanic Maya, its political structures, and social classes. The Ancient Maya people were indigenous
Maya_society
Pre-Columbian Maya book
The Maya Codex of Mexico (MCM) is a Maya screenfold codex manuscript of a pre-Columbian type. Long known as the Grolier Codex or Sáenz Codex, in 2018 it
Maya_Codex_of_Mexico
Mesoamerica, there was an evident shift in the roles women played in ancient Maya society as compared with the previous two centuries. It was during this
Women_rulers_in_Maya_society
Ancient game
ISSN 0026-1521. Miller, Mary Ellen; Simon Martin (2004). Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05129-0. OCLC 54799516
Mesoamerican_ballgame
Ethnopharmacologist
ancient_Maya_art_Part_one_text; https://www.academia.edu/44799914/4P_9b_Drink_enema_rituals_in_ancient_Maya_art_Part_two_figures De
Peter_A._G._M._De_Smet
Art made in Ancient Rome and the territories it ruled
Roman art The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury
Roman_art
2006 film by Mel Gibson
exploring an ancient culture as it existed before the arrival of the Europeans. Considering both the Aztecs and the Maya, they eventually chose the Maya for their
Apocalypto
Stone or wooden slab erected as a marker
Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325. Miller, Mary (1999). Maya Art and Architecture
Stele
developments, including the oldest examples of writing. The art of Mesopotamia rivalled that of Ancient Egypt as the most grand, sophisticated and elaborate
Art_of_Mesopotamia
Period in Maya history
The Preclassic period in Maya history stretches from the beginning of permanent village life c. 1000 BC until the advent of the Classic Period c. 250 AD
Preclassic_Maya
Prominent architectural features of ancient Mesoamerican civilizations
culturas, como la maya, la teotihuacana, la zapoteca, la de El Tajín, y otras" ("This great culture, which we encounter in ancient levels, is without
Mesoamerican_pyramids
Organization recording prehistoric art
The Ancient Art Archive (AAA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation, visual documentation, and sharing of prehistoric works of art, particularly
Ancient_Art_Archive
Ancient Maya city in Campeche, Mexico
Valeriana is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche in the tropical rainforest jungle near its eastern border with the state of Quintana
Valeriana (archaeological site)
Valeriana_(archaeological_site)
Earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization
culturas, como la maya, la teotihuacana, la zapoteca, la de El Tajín, y otras" ("This great culture, which we encounter in ancient levels, is without
Olmecs
About maritime trade
extensive trade networks of the Ancient Maya contributed largely to the success of their civilization spanning three millennia. Maya royal control and the wide
Maritime trade in the Maya civilization
Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization
Eschatological beliefs about the year
ancient Maya predicted the world would continue—that 7,000 years from now, things would be exactly like this. We keep looking for endings. The Maya were
2012_phenomenon
American designer and artist (born 1959)
Maya Ying Lin (Chinese: 林瓔; pinyin: Lín Yīng; born October 5, 1959) is an American architect, designer, and sculptor. Born in Athens, Ohio, to Chinese
Maya_Lin
Maya throne in the Temple of Kukulcan
The Red Jaguar Throne is a Maya throne located inside the substructure of the Temple of Kukulcan (or El Castillo) in the Maya city of Chichen Itza, Mexico
Red_Jaguar_Throne
Calendar used by Mesoamerican cultures
pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya. For this reason, it is often known as the Maya Long Count calendar. Using a modified vigesimal tally
Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar
Maya deity
Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: Morrow. Stone, Andrea; Mark M. Zender (2011). Reading Maya Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Maya Painting and
Kʼawiil
Cultural Museum in Chiapas, Mexico
The Museo de Medicina Maya (Museum of Maya Medicine) is an art museum in the city of San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, in southern Mexico. The museum
Museo_de_Medicina_Maya
Archeological sites
Ellen (1999). Maya Art and Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson, LTD. Morehart, Christopher T. (2005). Plants and Caves in Ancient Maya Society. In Stone
Maya_cave_sites
Mesoamerican sport
Maya ballgame, which is a part of the Mesoamerican ballgame, is a sporting event that was played throughout the Mesoamerican era by the Maya civilization
Maya_ballgame
Art museum in Baltimore, Maryland, US
European and American paintings, sculpture, and decorative arts; ancient Antioch mosaics; art from Asia, and textiles from around the world. The 210,000-square-foot
Baltimore_Museum_of_Art
The Maya death gods (also Ah Puch, Ah Cimih, Ah Cizin, Hun Ahau, Kimi, or Yum Kimil) known by a variety of names, are two basic types of death gods who
Maya_death_gods
Pre-Columbian Maya settlement
Belvedere') is a large pre-Columbian Middle and Late Preclassic (1000 BC – 250 AD) Maya settlement, located in the north of the modern department of El Petén, Guatemala
El_Mirador
Arepa
directional and central aspects, are found in the art and mythological traditions of cultures such as the Maya, Aztec, Izapan, Mixtec, Olmec, and others, dating
Mesoamerican_world_tree
The Southern Maya Area (SMA), also known as the Maya Highlands are a region of Pre-Columbian sites in Mesoamerica. It is long believed important to the
Southern_Maya_area
God. The Classical Maya classified maize as masculine, but the Tonsured version of the Maize God is depicted in ancient Maya art as an effeminate young
LGBTQ_themes_in_mythology
Pre-Columbian archaeological site in Guatemala
having a diameter of five meters and a long, muddy shaft. Traces of ancient Maya foot prints have been found around the well. Small amounts of clay are
Naj_Tunich
Mayan goddess
16th-century name of the aged jaguar goddess of midwifery and medicine in ancient Maya culture. She corresponds to Toci, an Aztec earth goddess inhabiting the
Ixchel
Specialist in the Mayan language or culture
pre-Columbian Maya civilisation. This discipline should not be confused with Mayanism, a collection of New Age beliefs about the ancient Maya. Mayanists
Mayanist
travel, tourism, insurance
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
Girl/Female
African, American, Arabic, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Indonesian, Jamaican, Japanese, Jewish, Kannada, Latin, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Mythological, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Spanish, Tamil, T
Illusion; Goddess Durga; To Increase; A Princess; Mother or Great One; Water; Truth and Everlasting; Wealth; Dream; Abbreviation of Amalia; Industrious; Striving; Work; Variant of Maia; Money
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name May (see May).
Girl/Female
French American Greek Hebrew Latin
May. In Roman mythology Maia: (source of the month May) was goddess of spring growth.
Female
Scandinavian
Scandinavian and Slavic form of Greek Maia, MAJA means "nursing mother."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name KAYA means "elder sister."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of May.
Female
Hindi/Indian
(माया) Hindi myth name of the mother of Siddhartha, MAYA means "illusion." Compare with another form of Maya.
Female
Hindi/Indian
(माला) Hindi name MALA means "necklace." In use by the Romani. Compare with another form of Mala.
Female
Egyptian
, Karo-mama-mimut.
Male
Native American
Native American Hopi name MAKYA means "eagle hunter."
Girl/Female
Latin American Spanish
Daughter of Atlas.
Female
Japanese
 Japanese name AMAYA means "night rain." Compare with another form of Amaya.
Male
Hebrew
(מַשָׂ×) Variant spelling of Hebrew Massa, MASA means "burden." Compare with another form of Masa.
Female
Hebrew
(×žÖ¸× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name MANA means "part, portion." Compare with another form of Mana.
Female
Japanese
(æ„›)Â Japanese name MANA means "affection, love." Compare with other forms of Mana.
Girl/Female
French Japanese
May. In Roman mythology Maia: (source of the month May) was goddess of spring growth.
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name MAKA means "earth."
Female
Hindi/Indian
(जया) Feminine form of Hindi Jay, JAYA means "victory."
Female
Hawaiian
 Hawaiian name MANA means "psychic gifts. Compare with other forms of Mana.
Female
Hebrew
(רֵעַ) Hebrew name RAYA means "friend." Compare with another form of Raya.
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
ANCIENT MAYA-ART
n.
The rhythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period.
adv.
In ancient times.
a.
Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an ancient castle.
n.
Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an accident.
a.
Listening; paying attention; as, audient souls.
n.
Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French or a German accent.
a.
Nodding; as, annuent muscles (used in nodding).
n.
A beautiful American bombycid moth (Eucronia maia).
n.
Something that surrounds or invests; as, air . . . being a perpetual ambient.
n.
The name for the doctrine of the unreality of matter, called, in English, idealism; hence, nothingness; vanity; illusion.
n.
A genus of spider crabs, including the common European species (Maia squinado).
a.
Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; -- opposed to modern; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days.
adv.
In an ancient manner.
n.
Antiquity; what is ancient.
a.
Known for a long time, or from early times; -- opposed to recent or new; as, the ancient continent.
n.
The merrymaking of May Day.
v. t.
To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.
n.
The ancients; the people of ancient times.
n.
Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth.
travel, tourism, insurance