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Calendar year
1591 (MDXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1591st year
1591
this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "1591 in music" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2025)
1591_in_music
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
α Canis Majoris (α CMa), 9 Canis Majoris (9 CMa), HD 48915, HR 2491, BD−16°1591, GJ 244, LHS 219, ADS 5423, LTT 2638, HIP 32349 Sirius B: EGGR 49, WD 0642-166
Sirius
1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 … In literature 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 Art Archaeology
1591_in_poetry
1593–1606 Habsburg–Ottoman war
Fifteen Years' War (Hungarian: tizenöt éves háború), reckoning from the 1591–1592 Turkish campaign that captured Bihać in the Kingdom of Croatia. In Turkey
Long_Turkish_War
Country in East Asia
expedition and recorded an account of the Taiwanese Indigenous people. In 1591, Japan sent envoys to deliver a letter requesting tribute relations with
Taiwan
The Coup d'État of 1591 in Tunis was carried out by the yoldach (junior janissaries) and led to the creation of the office of the Dey. As a result, the
1591_uprising_in_Tunis
Military ruler of Japan from 1585 to 1598
winning the Siege of Odawara in 1590 and crushing the Kunohe rebellion in 1591. With the unification of Japan complete, Hideyoshi launched the Japanese
Toyotomi_Hideyoshi
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
Science. 65 (3): 273–283. Bibcode:1999AABS...65..273B. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00086-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2019. Wastlhuber
Cat
1591 naval battle
to intercept Spanish ships. Revenge was on such a patrol in the summer of 1591 under the command of Sir Richard Grenville. The Spanish, meanwhile, had dispatched
Battle_of_Flores_(1591)
English galleon
race-built galleon of 46 guns, built in 1577 and captured by the Spanish in 1591, sinking soon afterwards. She was the first of 13 English and Royal Navy
English_ship_Revenge_(1577)
Head of the Catholic Church from 1590 to 1591
(Latin: Gregorius XIV; Italian: Gregorio XIV; 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and
Pope_Gregory_XIV
Possible order of composition of Shakespeare's plays
Chambers in 1930 is as follows: Henry VI, Part 1 (1591–1592) Henry VI, Part 2 (1591–1592) Henry VI, Part 3 (1591–1592) Richard III (1592–1593) The Comedy of
Chronology of Shakespeare's plays
Chronology_of_Shakespeare's_plays
English politician
William Button (1526–1591) was the member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Marlborough in the parliament of March 1553. He was the only son of William
William_Button_(1526–1591)
Late 16th-century conflict between Siam and Cambodia
The Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)(Khmer: សង្គ្រាមសៀម-កម្ពុជា (១៥៩១-១៥៩៤),Thai: สงครามสยาม-กัมพูชา พ.ศ. 2134), was a military conflict fought between
Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)
Siamese–Cambodian_War_(1591–1594)
Thomas Halsey (1591/2 – 1678) was born 2 January 1591/2 in Hertfordshire, England and died 27 August 1678 in Southampton, New York. He emigrated from England
Thomas_Halsey_(1591–1679)
Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603
repression of Catholics intensified, and Elizabeth authorised commissions in 1591 to interrogate and monitor Catholic householders. To maintain the illusion
Elizabeth_I
English politician
John Rose (died 1591), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician. Rose was a tailor who was active in the local politics of Canterbury as an alderman
John_Rose_(died_1591)
Maharani of Mewar and consort of Maharana Pratap (1542–1591)
Ajabde Punwar (lit. 'Beautiful Soul'; c. 1 March 1542 – 20 January 1591), popularly known as Maharani Ajabde Punwar, was the queen of the Kingdom of Mewar
Ajabde
Aggressive type of brain cancer
radiosensitivity of radioresistant and hypoxic glioblastoma". Future Oncology. 6 (10): 1591–1601. doi:10.2217/fon.10.123. PMID 21062158. Clinical trial number NCT01465347
Glioblastoma
Head of the Catholic Church in 1591
December 1591), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 October to 30 December 1591. Prior
Pope_Innocent_IX
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
North & Price 1998, pp. 30–35. Schilling 1992, p. 115. Orr 1978, pp. 1557–1591. Rüpke 2007a, p. 5. Gruen 1996, pp. 34ff. Rüpke 2001, p. 223. Cornell 1995
Roman_Republic
French jester
Chicot (c. 1540–1591), real name Jean-Antoine d'Anglerais, was the jester of King Henry III of France and later Henry IV. He spoke with the king without
Chicot
English nobleman, politician (1591–1636)
William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton (1591 – 19 December 1636) was an English nobleman, politician, and peer from the Spencer family. Spencer
William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
William_Spencer,_2nd_Baron_Spencer_of_Wormleighton
Niccolò Gaddi (12 October 1537, Florence - 14 June 1591, Florence) was an Italian nobleman and art collector He was the son of Sinibaldo di Taddeo Gaddi
Niccolò_Gaddi_(1537–1591)
English lawyer and politician
Sir Richard Dyott (c. 1591 – 8 March 1660) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1623 and 1640. He was a Royalist
Richard_Dyott_(died_1660)
Polish Catholic priest and saint (1591–1657)
Andrew Bobola, SJ (Polish: Andrzej Bobola; 1591 – 16 May 1657) was a Polish missionary and martyr of the Society of Jesus, known as the "Apostle of Lithuania"
Andrew_Bobola
Capital and most populous city of Russia
survived. The Crimean Tatars attacked again in 1591, but were held back by new walls, built between 1584 and 1591 by a craftsman named Fyodor Kon. In 1592,
Moscow
Country in West Africa
compounded by the decline of the Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. As inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter
Liberia
Japanese tea master (1522–1591)
Sen no Rikyū (Japanese: 千 利休; 1522 – April 21, 1591), also known simply as Rikyū, was a Japanese tea master considered the most important influence on
Sen_no_Rikyū
Bridge in Venice, Italy
designed by Antonio da Ponte. Construction began in 1588 and was completed in 1591. It is similar to the wooden bridge it succeeded. Two ramps lead up to a
Rialto_Bridge
Spanish painter (1591–1652)
Jusepe de Ribera (Valencian: [josep ðe riˈβeɾa]; baptised 17 February 1591 – 3 November 1652) was a Spanish painter and printmaker. Ribera, Francisco de
Jusepe_de_Ribera
African king and first Nupe people uniter
Tsoede, also known as Tsuedigi, Tsade or Edegi(c. 1496[citation needed] – c.1591) is a legendary African leader. He was the first person to unite the Nupe
Tsoede
Japanese warlord (1540–1591), half-brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hidenaga (豊臣 秀長; April 8, 1540 – February 15, 1591), formerly known as Hashiba Koichirō (羽柴 小一郎) or Hashiba Hidenaga (羽柴 秀長). He was a half-brother
Toyotomi_Hidenaga
Empire in West Africa from c. 1464 to 1591
dynasty (c. 1464–1493), but it was later replaced by the Askia dynasty (1493–1591). During the second half of the 13th century, Gao and the surrounding region
Songhai_Empire
Sixteenth-century Irish noblewoman
O'Donnell, Countess of Tyrone (Irish: Siobhán Ní Domhnaill; died January 1591), sometimes anglicised Joanna, Joan, or Judith, was a sixteenth-century Irish
Siobhán_O'Donnell
Lady Margaret Sackville (c. 1562 – 19 August 1591), formerly Lady Margaret Howard, was the wife of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset. Margaret Howard
Lady Margaret Sackville (1562–1591)
Lady_Margaret_Sackville_(1562–1591)
Italian Jesuit seminarian and saint (1568–1591)
Aloysius de Gonzaga, SJ (Italian: Luigi Gonzaga; 9 March 1568 – 21 June 1591) was an Italian aristocrat who became a member of the Society of Jesus. While
Aloysius_Gonzaga
Play by Shakespeare
Henry VI, Part 2 (1591) is a Shakespearean history play about King Henry VI of England's inability to quell the bickering of his noblemen, the death of
Henry_VI,_Part_2
English shipping-merchant
Jonathan I Rashleigh (4 July 1591 – 1 May 1675), of Menabilly, near Fowey in Cornwall, was an English shipping-merchant, Member of Parliament for Fowey
Jonathan Rashleigh (1591–1675)
Jonathan_Rashleigh_(1591–1675)
Italian composer (1567–1643)
(which could mean either viola da gamba or viola da braccio). In 1590 or 1591 he entered the service of Duke Vincenzo I Gonzaga of Mantua; he recalled
Claudio_Monteverdi
16th-century Scottish maid
Geillis Duncan also spelled Gillis Duncan (b. unknown d. 4 December 1591) was a young maidservant in 16th century Scotland who was accused of being a witch
Geillis_Duncan
Decade
Decades 1610s BC 1600s BC 1590s BC 1580s BC 1570s BC Years 1599 BC 1598 BC 1597 BC 1596 BC 1595 BC 1594 BC 1593 BC 1592 BC 1591 BC 1590 BC Categories v t e
1590s_BC
English canal builder and agricultural improver
Sir Richard Weston (1591–1652) was an English canal builder and agricultural improver. He instigated the construction of the Wey Navigation—one of the
Richard Weston (canal builder)
Richard_Weston_(canal_builder)
Member of the Parliament of England
Edward Aglionby (1520 – c. 1591) was an English Member of Parliament, official, translator and poet. He was closely associated with the Dudley family.
Edward Aglionby (died c. 1591)
Edward_Aglionby_(died_c._1591)
Regent of Saxony (1568–1622)
Saxony by marriage to Christian I, Elector of Saxony. She was regent from 1591 to 1601 during the minority of their son Christian II. Sophie was born at
Sophie_of_Brandenburg
Capital of Telangana, India
The Qutb Shahi dynasty's Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda. In 1687, the city was
Hyderabad
Events in Aragon during the reign of Felipe II
when he complained to those close to him about his persecution. On May 24, 1591, at the request of the inquisitors and by order of the Justice Juan de Lanuza
Alterations_of_Aragon
Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom in 1591 AD was the second expedition against the Jaffna kingdom by the Portuguese. The campaign, led by Captain André
Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1591)
Portuguese_invasion_of_the_Jaffna_kingdom_(1591)
Ruler of the Songhai Empire (c.1550–1592)
as Askia Isḥāq Zughrānī, was the ruler of the Songhai Empire from 1588 to 1591. He commanded the Songhai force at the Battle of Tondibi, where he was defeated
Askia_Ishaq_II
Building in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
three generations. During this time, the castle was destroyed by fire in 1591, and, since there is no mention of any attacks, it is presumed that the castle
Berwartstein_Castle
King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625, King of England and Ireland from 1603
and Cautelis), 1584 His Majesties Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres, 1591 Lepanto, poem Daemonologie, 1597 Extra-titular Works from the Collected Demonology
James_VI_and_I
United Nations resolution adopted in 2005
United Nations Security Council resolution 1591, adopted on 29 March 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 (2004), 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), 1574 (2004)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1591
City in Veneto, Italy
(1532–1589), French poet and member of La Pléiade Veronica Franco (1546–1591), poet and courtesan during the Renaissance Paolo Sarpi (1552–1623), historian
Venice
English politician and courtier (1540–1591)
Sir Christopher Hatton (12 December 1540 – 20 November 1591) was an English politician, Lord Chancellor of England and a favourite of Elizabeth I of England
Christopher_Hatton
English writer and poet
John Phillips (fl. 1570–1591) was an English writer and poet. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge but took no degree. He was a student of the
John_Phillips_(fl._1570–1591)
English politician
Sir John Evelyn (1591–1664) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1628 and 1660. He reluctantly supported
John_Evelyn_(1591–1664)
Catholic appointments from 1590 to 1591
Pope Gregory XIV (r. 1590–1591) created five new cardinals in two consistories: Paolo Emilio Sfondrati, nephew of the Pope – cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia
Cardinals created by Gregory XIV
Cardinals_created_by_Gregory_XIV
English Renaissance composer (c. 1540–1623)
published three volumes of Cantiones Sacrae (1575, co-written with Tallis; 1589; 1591), two volumes of Gradualia (1605; 1607), Psalmes, Sonets, and Songs of Sadnes
William_Byrd
Mughal emperor from 1556 to 1605
After suffering further defeats, Jani Beg surrendered to the Mughals in 1591, and in 1593, paid homage to Akbar in Lahore. As early as 1586, about half
Akbar
Country in North Africa
expedition to West Africa inflicted a crushing defeat on the Songhay Empire in 1591. However, managing the territories across the Sahara proved too difficult
Morocco
1591 siege in the Netherlands
siege of Deventer was a siege of the city of Deventer from 1 to 10 June 1591 during the Eighty Years' War by Dutch and English troops under Maurice of
Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)
101st Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1591–1597)
was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1591 until his death in 1597. Pilate was from the village of al-Manṣūriyyah near
Ignatius_Pilate
Humphrey Sydenham (1591 – c. 1650), "Silver Tongue Sydenham", was an English royalist divine, famous for his sermons. He was born in 1591 at Dulverton in
Humphrey_Sydenham_(1591–1650)
Tragedy by William Shakespeare
in particular Mercutio and Paris. Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. The text
Romeo_and_Juliet
16th-century Scottish healer and purported witch
Agnes Sampson (died 28 January 1591) was a Scottish healer and purported witch. Also known as the "Wise Wife of Keith", Sampson was executed during the
Agnes_Sampson
Deccan Indian kingdom (1490–1636)
reign proved short. Jamal Khan was killed in the battle of Rohankhed in 1591 and soon Ismail was also captured and confined by his father Burhan, who
Ahmadnagar_Sultanate
Diwan Bikaner
Minister of Bikaner State in the former Rajputana (now Rajasthan) from 1571 to 1591. Karamchand, a descendant of Bachhraj, was a valiant warrior, a good administrator
Karam_Chand_Bachhawat
The following events occurred in the Kingdom of Scotland in the year 1591. Monarch – James VI February – Brian O'Rourke, rebel lord of West Bréifne in
1591_in_Scotland
Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611
Christian II (23 September 1583 – 23 June 1611) was Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611. He was born in Dresden, the eldest son of Christian I, Elector of
Christian II, Elector of Saxony
Christian_II,_Elector_of_Saxony
English politician
1591), of Wells, Somerset, was an English politician. He was a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Wells in 1586. "SMITH, William I (d.1591)
William_Smith_(died_1591)
French Roman Catholic saint
Louise de Marillac D.C., also known as Louise Le Gras, (August 12, 1591 – March 15, 1660) was the co-founder, with Vincent de Paul, of the Daughters of
Louise_de_Marillac
Events from the year 1591 in France. Monarch – Henry IV Siege of Rouen March 15 – Alexandre de Rhodes, Jesuit missionary (d.1660) Girard Desargues, mathematician
1591_in_France
Minesweeper of the United States Navy
reclassified as the submarine chaser PC-1591 and her name cancelled 1 June 1944. Arriving at Ulithi on 9 December 1944, PC-1591 escorted convoys to Guam, Saipan
USS_Daring
French Wars of Religion, the siege of Autun lasted from 18 May until 20 June 1591. The city of Autun, held by the Catholic League, successfully resisted a
Siege_of_Autun_(1591)
English statesman (1485–1540)
Arms : and a fragment of the Visitation of the city of Chester in the year 1591, made by Thomas Chaloner, Deputy to the Office of Arms. Publications of the
Thomas_Cromwell
English soldier and Member of Parliament
Sir Robert Constable (c. 1522 – 12 November 1591), of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, and the Minories, London, was an English soldier and Member of
Robert Constable (soldier, died 1591)
Robert_Constable_(soldier,_died_1591)
English politician, soldier and explorer (1542–1591)
Sir Richard Grenville (b. 1542 – d. 1591), also spelt Greynvile, Greeneville, and Greenfield, was an English privateer and explorer. Grenville was lord
Richard_Grenville
English saint and martyr
Eustace White (1559 - 1591) was a Catholic priest. Due to his service, he was put on trial in December 1591 and subsequently hanged, drawn and quartered
Eustace_White
Naval battle during the Eighty Years' War
Cape of Palos, was a naval Spanish victory that took place in late August, 1591, off Almería, near the Cape Palos, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish
Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)
Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Almería_(1591)
Internet top-level domain generally used by or reserved for a country
end-user application. Creation and delegation of ccTLDs is described in RFC 1591, corresponding to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. While gTLDs have to obey
Country_code_top-level_domain
1365–1867 Ottoman province in the Balkans
romanized: Eyālet-i Rūm-ėli), known as the Beylerbeylik of Rumeli until 1591, was a first-level province (beylerbeylik or eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire
Rumelia_Eyalet
Irish poet
Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn (c. 1550 – c.1591) was an Irish poet. A well-known late-Gaelic era poet, Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn was a member of a family of professional
Tadhg_Dall_Ó_hUiginn
Christian IV Steward of the Realm – Christoffer Valkendorff (from 1596) 1591 4 July – Christopher Perkins has his first audience with Christian IV after
1590s_in_Denmark
Play by Shakespeare
collaboration with Thomas Nashe and others—believed to have been written in 1591. It is set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England. Henry VI, Part
Henry_VI,_Part_1
Russian noblewoman (c. 1591)
Vasilisa Volokhova (floruit 1591; Russian: Василиса Волохова) was a Russian noblewoman and courtier, the royal governess and nurse of Prince Dmitry of
Vasilisa_Volokhova
Topics referred to by the same term
Innocent VII (1404–1406) Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492) Pope Innocent IX (1591) Pope Innocent X (1644–1655) Pope Innocent XI (blessed; 1676–1689) Pope Innocent
Pope_Innocent
Prince of Walalchia (1564–1601)
Wallachia between September 1577 and July 1583, and again from April 1585 to May 1591. The only son of Alexandru II Mircea and Ecaterina Salvaresso, he ascended
Mihnea_Turcitul
English noblewoman (1563–1607)
Sidney's Astrophel and Stella sonnet sequence (published posthumously in 1591). She was married to Robert Rich, 3rd Baron Rich (later 1st Earl of Warwick)
Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire
Penelope_Blount,_Countess_of_Devonshire
Her case is regarded as the starting point of the witch trials in Norway. 1591 8 June – King Christian IV was hailed as King of Norway in Oslo. 31 July
16th_century_in_Norway
Topics referred to by the same term
Aglionby may be the surname of: Edward Aglionby (died c. 1591) (1520–c. 1591), MP for Carlisle, and for Warwick, and poet Edward Aglionby (died 1553)
Aglionby
had eight children: Eleonora (1591-?) Elena, became a nun Pirro Maria (1590–1628) Sigismonda (1587–1595) Elisabetta (1591-?) Giuliana (1593–1599) Caterina
Guido_Sforza_Gonzaga
Failed colony in North America (1584–1590)
issued on March 25, 1584, specified that he needed to establish a colony by 1591, or lose his right to colonization. He was to "discover, search, find out
Roanoke_Colony
Matter with biological processes
non-intelligent extraterrestrial life". Advances in Space Research. 30 (6): 1583–1591. Bibcode:2002AdSpR..30.1583R. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.528.6507. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00478-7
Life
Kosiński uprising (1591–1593) was the first Cossack rebellion in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, commanded by the Cossack Hetman Krzysztof Kosiński
Kosiński_uprising
Publication of Thomas Lodge's prose tale Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie. 1591 10 April – Merchant James Lancaster sets off on a voyage to the East Indies
1590s_in_England
Catholic bishop
29 May 1596) was a Catholic bishop from 1575 to 1596 and a cardinal from 1591 to 1596. He served as a papal diplomat in several important and sensitive
Filippo_Sega
1602–1799 Dutch trading company
played an important role as a distribution centre in northern Europe. After 1591, the Portuguese used an international syndicate of the German Fugger family
Dutch_East_India_Company
English soldier (1520–1592)
gentlemen", and published them under the title A Short Treatise of Hunting in 1591. With 52 years' experience in hunting, Cokayne was quick to commend the sport
Thomas_Cokayne
Italian Baroque artist (1591–1666)
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (8 February 1591 – 22 December 1666), better known as (il) Guercino (Italian pronunciation: [ɡwerˈtʃiːno] ), was an Italian
Guercino
1591
1591
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name EirÃkr, composed of the elements eir ‘mercy’, ‘peace’ + rÃk ‘power’. The addition in English of an inorganic H- to names beginning with a vowel is a relatively common phenomenon. It is possible that this name may have swallowed up a less common Germanic personal name with the first element heri, hari ‘army’.Dutch : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements heri, hari ‘army’ + rÄ«c ‘power’, or from an assimilated form of Henrick, a Dutch form of Henry.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hEirc ‘descendant of Erc’, a personal name meaning ‘speckled’, ‘dark red’, or ‘salmon’. There was a saint of this name. The surname is born by families in Munster and Ulster, where it has usually been changed to Harkin.The English poet Robert Herrick (1591-1674) was from a prosperous family of goldsmiths, who had a long association with the city of Leicester. There is a family tradition that they were of Scandinavian origin, descended from Eric the Forester, who settled in the city in the 11th century. The initial aspirate came into the name in the late 16th cedntury; the name of the poet's great-grandfather is recorded in the corporation books of the city of Leicester in 1511 as Thomas Ericke.
1591
1591
Boy/Male
Hindu
Fragrance
Girl/Female
Australian, Dutch, French, Greek, Latin, Portuguese
Adored; From Sebastia; Returning; Helper; Distinguished
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, British, English
Noble; Aristocratic Lady
Girl/Female
Indian
Spring, Blossom
Girl/Female
Indian
Oneness
Girl/Female
Tamil
Name of a bird
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Biblical
My well.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Very Happy
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Priceless Wealth; Unique
1591
1591
1591
1591
1591