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Calendar year
Year 1561 (MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. January 4 – Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi is elected as the new Doge of
1561
English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (/ˈbeɪkən/; 22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General
Francis_Bacon
Supposed celestial phenomenon in the Holy Roman Empire
In April 1561, a broadsheet by Hans Glaser described a mass sighting of celestial phenomena or unidentified flying objects (UFO) above Nuremberg (then
1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg
1561_celestial_phenomenon_over_Nuremberg
U.S. atomic bomb type used at Nagasaki, 1945
detonators at all. The final wartime Y-1561 design was assembled with just 90 bolts. On 16 July 1945, a Y-1561 model Fat Man, known as the Gadget, was
Fat_Man
Duchess Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
1545 – 21 April 1561) was a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from 1558 to 1561. Married to the
Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara
Lucrezia_de'_Medici,_Duchess_of_Ferrara
Estonia under Swedish rule
Estonia (Swedish: Svenska Estland), was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721 during the time that most or all of Estonia was under Swedish
Duchy_of_Estonia_(1561–1721)
Ottoman prince (1527–1561)
Şehzade Bayezid (Ottoman Turkish: شهزاده بايزيد; 1527 – 25 September 1561) was an Ottoman prince as the son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem
Şehzade_Bayezid
Events from the year 1561 in France. Monarch – Charles IX 15 May – The coronation of Charles IX 9 September to 9 October – The Colloquy of Poissy, a religious
1561_in_France
Eleonora d'Este (1561–1637) was a Ferrarese noblewoman. She was the daughter of Alfonso d'Este (an illegitimate son of Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara)
Eleonora_d'Este_(1561–1637)
Country in South America
founded Santiago del Estero in 1553. Londres was founded in 1558; Mendoza, in 1561; San Juan, in 1562; San Miguel de Tucumán, in 1565. Juan de Garay founded
Argentina
Intelligence of machines
(PDF). Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing. 7 (3–4): 197–387. doi:10.1561/2000000039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved
Artificial_intelligence
Country in Northern Europe
Retrieved 16 October 2010. Žemaitis, Augustinas. "German crusader states (until 1561)". OnLatvia.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved
Latvia
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
of Uranus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 467 (2): 1561–1568. arXiv:1701.05541. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.467.1561D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx197
Solar_System
King of England from 1509 to 1547
Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-6797-3001-9. Guicciardini, Francesco (1968) [1561]. Alexander, Sidney (ed.). The History of Italy. Princeton University Press
Henry_VIII
forces of Malkoč-beg, Beylerbey of Bosnia, were defeated near Hrastovica in 1561. The Ottoman raiders were defeated by local serfs and the minor garrison
Battle_of_Hrastovica_(1561)
The year 1561 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Bartolomeu Velho produces a Carta General do Orbe for
1561_in_science
Empress consort of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1539–1613)
three years before Bairam Khan was assassinated by a band of Afghans in 1561. After his death, Salima was married to her first cousin, Akbar. She remained
Salima_Sultan_Begum
1561 siege in Japan
In the 1561 siege of Odawara, a battle of Japan's Sengoku period, Uesugi Kenshin attacked Odawara castle. This was the first of several sieges which would
Siege_of_Odawara_(1561)
Events from the year 1561 in Sweden Monarch – Eric XIV 1 March - Inauguration of the Kullen Lighthouse. 14 April - The Arboga artiklar regulates the power
1561_in_Sweden
The Estates General of 1560–1561 was a national meeting of the three estates of France, the clergy, nobility and commoners convoked by François II, though
Estates_General_of_1560–1561
16th century conflict in Deccan
Siege of Ahmednagar (1561–1562) was a military engagement between the Ahmadnagar Sultanate and Vijayanagara Empire. In the 1561 the allied forces of Vijayanagara
Siege of Ahmednagar (1561–1562)
Siege_of_Ahmednagar_(1561–1562)
Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (13 June 1592, in Wolfenbüttel – 13 January 1642, in Arnhem), was Countess of Nassau-Dietz by marriage to Ernest
Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1592–1642)
Sophie_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel_(1592–1642)
Branch of the Teutonic Order, 1237–1561
an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. From 1435 to 1561, it was a member of the "Livonian Confederation". The Livonian branch of
Livonian_Order
Sophie or Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1 December 1561 at Hessen Castle – 30 January 1631 in Loitz) was a princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1561–1631)
Sophia_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel_(1561–1631)
Vassal state of Lithuania (1561–1629) and later of Poland-Lithuania (1629-1721)
Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that existed from 1561 to 1621. It corresponds to the present-day areas of northern Latvia (Vidzeme
Duchy_of_Livonia
article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1561. August 21 – The Peresopnytsia Gospels are completed. September – Serbian
1561_in_literature
1561 transfer of territory from the Livonian Confederation to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Treaty of Vilnius was concluded on 28 November 1561, during the Livonian War, between the Livonian Confederation and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in
Treaty_of_Vilnius_(1561)
English noble (1561–1612)
Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp of Hache (21 September 1561 – July 1612) was an English nobleman who had a theoretically strong claim to the throne of England
Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp
Edward_Seymour,_Lord_Beauchamp
This article covers 1561 in poetry. Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or French)
1561_in_poetry
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1544–1553, 1555–1561)
pronunciation: [ɾysˈtæm pa.ʃa]; Ottoman Turkish: رستم پاشا; c. 1505 – 10 July 1561) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier to Sultan Süleyman the
Rüstem_Pasha
Basque Spanish conquistador (1510–1561)
Lope de Aguirre (8 November 1510 – 27 October 1561) was a Basque Spanish conquistador who was active in South America. Nicknamed El Loco ("the Madman")
Lope_de_Aguirre
Mughal military commander and statesman (1501–1561)
Muhammad Bairam Khan (Persian: محمد بیرم خان; 18 January 1501 – 31 January 1561), commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military
Bairam_Khan
Clan conflicts in feudal Japan from 1553 to 1564
Uenohara in 1557, Hachimanbara in 1561, and Shiozaki in 1564. The most famous and severe battle was fought on 18 October 1561 in the heart of the Kawanakajima
Battles_of_Kawanakajima
German lutenist, composer and intabulator (d. 1626) Peter Philips (c.1560/1561), eminent English composer, organist, and Catholic priest, the most published
1561_in_music
Medieval cathedral of the City of London
structural decline by the early 17th century. The spire was destroyed by fire in 1561 and not replaced. Restoration work begun by Inigo Jones in the 1620s was
Old_St_Paul's_Cathedral
Series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow
700 sq mi) Fifth war with Russia 1561 Gained 85,000 km2 (33,000 sq mi) Gained Duchy of Livonia by the Treaty of Vilnius (1561) 1569 Lost 170,000 km2 (66,000 sq mi)
Muscovite–Lithuanian_Wars
English politician
Sir Edwin Sandys (/ˈsændz/ SANDZ; 9 December 1561 – October 1629) was an English politician who was a member of the House of Commons at various times between
Edwin_Sandys_(1561–1629)
Apparent unusual observation in the sky
tremendous speeds. A woodcut by Hans Glaser that appeared in a broadsheet in 1561 has been featured in popular culture as the "celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg"
Unidentified_flying_object
artists were members. The French Wikipedia includes a list of the deans. In 1561 a large competition of 13 chambers of rhetoric in the Duchy of Brabant was
Violieren
Former national flag
status in Latvia. The state flag of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1561−1795) was a long rectangle with aspect ratio of 1:2. It was divided into
Flag_of_Courland
English MP
Sir John Strode (c. 1561 – before 15 July 1642), of the Middle Temple, London and Chantmarle, Cattistock, Dorset, was an English MP for Bridport in 1621
John_Strode_(c._1561_–_1642)
of 1558–82. The Livonian Order was dissolved by the Treaty of Vilnius in 1561. The following year, the Livonian Landtag decided to ask protection from
History_of_Latvia
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1565 to 1579
Governor-General of Rumelia (1551–1555), Third Vizier (1555–1561), Second Vizier (1561–1565), and Grand Vizier (1565–1579, for a total of 14 years, three
Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha
Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1561 to 1587
last Master of the Livonian Order from 1559 to 1561 and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1561 to 1587. Kettler was born near Anröchte, Kreis
Gotthard_Kettler
Gate of the Aurelian walls, a landmark of Rome, Italy
closed up at the same time. Construction began in 1561 and ended in 1565, after the artist's death. A 1561 bronze commemorative medal by Gian Federico Bonzagna [it]
Porta_Pia
Title in Italian nobility
nobility created in 1561. Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia became the Duke of Terranova (in the Italian, not Spanish line) on 17 August 1561. On 24 April 1564
Duke_of_Terranova_(Italian)
Dutch theologian, namesake for the Mennonites (1496–1561)
ˈsimɔns]; West Frisian: Minne Simens [ˈmɪnə ˈsimə̃ːs]; 1496 – 31 January 1561) was a Roman Catholic priest from the Friesland region of the Low Countries
Menno_Simons
Poznań Town Hall in Poland by Giovanni Battista di Quadro is completed. 1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral, Moscow, designed by Postnik Yakovlev, is completed
1560s_in_architecture
English sailor, politician, and courtier (1561–1626)
Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, KG, PC (24 August 1561 – 28 May 1626), of Audley End House in the parish of Saffron Walden in Essex, and of Suffolk
Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk
Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk
Military engagements in the 16th, 17th, and 20th centuries
Portuguese would occasionally be drawn into internal Japanese conflicts. In 1561, 15 Portuguese were killed in a brawl with the Japanese in Hirado while a
Japanese–Portuguese_conflicts
American lawman (1848–1929)
Gunfighter: Man or Myth?. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1561-0. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Kirschner, Ann (March 5, 2013)
Wyatt_Earp
Psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant
effect"". The Journal of School Health. 63 (7): 302–06. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1993.tb06150.x. PMID 8246462. Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE, Kirillova GP, Kirisci
Cannabis_(drug)
election" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 2 (3): 205–226. doi:10.1561/100.00005039. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2017. Retrieved
2000 United States presidential election
2000_United_States_presidential_election
Governor of Guernsey
Sir Francis Chamberlain (1561–1570) was Governor of Guernsey. Le Roy, Pierre. Note book of Pierre Le Roy. Guille Alles Library 1893 Berry, William. The
Francis Chamberlain (governor)
Francis_Chamberlain_(governor)
1988–1991 breakup of the sovereign state
Goodbye to the USSR: The Collapse of Soviet Power. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-1561-1 Dallin, Alexander (October 1992). "Causes of the Collapse of the USSR"
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Tsaritsa of Russia from 1561 to 1569
и пхъу; c. 1545 – 1 September 1569) was the tsaritsa of all Russia from 1561 until her death as the second wife of Ivan the Terrible. Born Qochenay bint
Maria_Temryukovna
Japanese Azuchi–Momoyama period daimyō
Kurokawa Castle and its environs in Mutsu Province in northern Japan until 1561, when he turned his domain over to his son and retired to engage in cultural
Ashina_Moriuji
Political party in the United States
Oligarchs?". Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 12 (2): 185–204. doi:10.1561/100.00016077. Lax, Jeffrey R.; Phillips, Justin H.; Zelizer, Adam (2019)
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
Traditional board game for two players
beginning of Baldassare Castiglione's The Book of the Courtier (1528, English 1561 by Sir Thomas Hoby), but chess should not be a gentleman's main passion.
Chess
Carolus Scribani (1561–1629) was a Jesuit writer and educator from the Habsburg Netherlands, best known for his critique of Machiavellianism in the book
Carolus_Scribani
Historic region along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea
Teutonic Order) and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1418 to 1561. After being defeated by Lithuanian forces in the 1236 Battle of Saule, the
Livonia
Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567
his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland in August 1561. The tense religious and political climate following the Scottish Reformation
Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
Scottish clergyman, writer and historian (1514–1572)
following the attack and became a source of building material for the town. By 1561 it had been abandoned and left to fall into ruin. With Protestant reinforcements
John_Knox
Proposed legislation
The CHIMP Act Amendments of 2013 (S. 1561) is a bill that would modify the Public Health Service Act to allow the National Institutes of Health to spend
CHIMP_Act_Amendments_of_2013
businessman (died 1610). 1545 – 1 April – Peder Claussøn Friis, author (died 1614) 1561 – Christoffer Hjort, priest, expelled from the country for Catholicism in
16th_century_in_Norway
Hostess of Suleiman the Magnificent's harem
Gülfem Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: کلفم خاتون; 1497 – October/November 1561) was a lady-in-waiting in the harem of Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
Gülfem_Hatun
Demolished palace in Norwich, England
Norwich's Charing Cross in the parish of St John Maddermarket. Built from 1561 to 1567 and enlarged in the 1660s under Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk
Duke's_Palace,_Norwich
Mughal general (1531–1562)
1561, the Mughal army led by Adham invaded Malwa. They defeated the army of Ishaan, the Sultan of Malwa in the battle of Sarangpur on 29 March 1561.
Adham_Khan
Decade
Decades 1580s BC 1570s BC 1560s BC 1550s BC 1540s BC Years 1569 BC 1568 BC 1567 BC 1566 BC 1565 BC 1564 BC 1563 BC 1562 BC 1561 BC 1560 BC Categories v t e
1560s_BC
French political and religious crisis
favourite of Henri II, Marshal Saint-André entered into an agreement in April 1561 that has become known to history as the 'Triumvirate'. They agreed to support
1559–1562 French political crisis
1559–1562_French_political_crisis
Joseph Oldsworth (born after 1561 - ?), of London and Poulton, Gloucestershire, was an English Member of Parliament (MP). He was a Member of the Parliament
Joseph_Oldsworth
Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
(29 June 1546 – 6 January 1617) was the Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1561 until 1592 as the consort of Duke William the Younger. She was regent for
Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick
Dorothea_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick
Events from the year 1561 in Ireland. Monarch: Elizabeth I June 8 – the Earl of Sussex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, proclaims Shane O'Neill a traitor and
1561_in_Ireland
German Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
of St. John Lateran. On 10 November 1561 he was appointed legate to the Council of Trent and, on 27 December 1561, governor of Fermo. He opted for the
Mark Sittich von Hohenems Altemps
Mark_Sittich_von_Hohenems_Altemps
Bi-confederate monarchy in Europe (1569–1795)
persecution in other countries of the Christian world, sought refuge. In 1561 Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio d'Oria, a religious exile living in Poland
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Spanish priest and chess player
– c. 1580) was a Spanish chess player, author, and Catholic priest whose 1561 treatise Libro de la invención liberal y Arte del juego del Axedrez was one
Ruy_López_de_Segura
Boys' school in Northwood, Hertfordshire, England
Merchant Taylors' School is an 11–18 boys' public day school, founded in 1561 in London. The school has occupied various campuses. Since 1933 it has been
Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant_Taylors'_School,_Northwood
Aerial phenomenon reported in Stralsund, Germany
other in the sky over the Baltic Sea, which was viewed as an omen from God. 1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg 1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel
1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund
1665_celestial_phenomenon_over_Stralsund
Spanish Baroque lyric poet (1561-1627)
Argote (born Luis de Argote y Góngora; Spanish: [lwis ðe ˈɣoŋɡoɾa]; 11 July 1561 – 24 May 1627) was a Spanish Baroque lyric poet and a Catholic priest at
Luis_de_Góngora
Star in the constellation of Camelopardalis
HD 31134, also designated as HR 1561, is a solitary star located in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis, the giraffe. It is faintly visible
HD_31134
Roman Catholic prelate
Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cartagena (1561–1570) and Bishop-Elect of Coro (1556–1561). Juan de Simancas Simancas was born in Cordoba, Spain
Juan_de_Simancas_Simancas
Chinese-American composer and conductor (born 1957)
com/composer/work/1561/33568. Music Sales Group. "Marco Polo (1995)." Accessed 1 November 2013. http://www.schirmer.com/composer/work/1561/33573. Tan Dun
Tan_Dun
Castle in southwest Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It was erected in 1542–1561, replacing a Gothic fortress from the thirteenth century. It was the seat
Oleśnica_Castle
Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Passau (1561–1568). On 24 Mar 1561, Michael Englmayr was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius
Michael_Englmayr
Indian poet
Rani Roopmati (died 1561), also known as Kavi Roopmati, was a poet queen of Mandu and the consort of the Sultan of Malwa, Baz Bahadur. Roopmati features
Roopmati
Anabaptist groups originating in Western Europe
The name Mennonites is derived from the Frisian cleric Menno Simons (1496–1561). Simons became a prominent leader within the wider Anabaptist movement and
Mennonites
Tartar woman at the court of Elizabeth I
exchange of eastern silks and Russian furs. She was christened on 13 July 1561 and the Queen gave her a gold chain and a gold tablet or locket. The gifts
Aura_Soltana
Purported geroprotective agent
truck-drivers]". Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii. 25 (4): 718–728. ISSN 1561-9125. PMID 23734521. Yumpu.com. "GARMONIA Ltd. – visit u". yumpu.com. Retrieved
Pinealon
Castriota (1540), Costantino Castriota (1477–1500), and Ferdinand Castriota (1561). House of Kastrioti TASSELLI, Luigi (1693). Antichità di Leuca, città già
Maria_Castriota
Swedish bishop (died 1562)
who served as the Bishop of Strängnäs from 1536 till 1555 and again from 1561 till 1562. He was appointed Bishop of Strängnäs in 1536 after studying in
Botvid_Sunesson
Spanish Roman Catholic prelate
Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Zamora (1561–1564) and Bishop of Pamplona (1550–1561). Alvaro Moscoso was born in Cáceres, Spain in 1493.
Alvaro_Moscoso
Catholic appointments from 1560 to 1565
March 1561), † 16 April 1563 Philibert Babou de la Bourdaisière, bishop of Angoulême – cardinal-priest of S. Sisto (received the title on 10 March 1561),
Cardinals_created_by_Pius_IV
Archbishop of York from 1561 to 1568
(1507 – 26 June 1568) was a Bishop of St David's and Archbishop of York (1561–1568). He was the son of John Young and Eleanor his wife, and was born at
Thomas_Young_(bishop)
New Testament manuscript
CCR 5 and CCR 6 as lectionary manuscript, with Gregory giving the number ℓ 1561 to it. The codex is a 146 folio remnant of ten separate manuscripts, eight
Codex_Climaci_Rescriptus
Period of Estonian history (1561–1710)
Estonia under Swedish rule signifies the period of time between 1561 and 1710, when present-day Estonia was under the rule of the Swedish Empire. In the
Estonia_under_Swedish_rule
Duchess of Milan (1534–1535) and Lorraine (1544–1545)
She was also a claimant to the thrones of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in 1561–1590 and was sovereign Lady of Tortona from 1578 to 1584. Christina was born
Christina_of_Denmark
1561–1795 Polish–Lithuanian vassal state in the Baltics
was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominal vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia
Historical religious group of French Protestants
[citation needed] Mary returned to Scotland a widow, in the summer of 1561. In 1561, the Edict of Orléans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict
Huguenots
Scottish gentlewoman
Nicolas Wardlaw, Lady Bonnyton (fl. 1561–1601) was a Scottish gentlewoman in the household of Mary, Queen of Scots. Her son James Wood became a controversial
Nicolas Wardlaw, Lady Bonnyton
Nicolas_Wardlaw,_Lady_Bonnyton
Spanish-Mexican prelate
Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca (1561–1579). Bernardo de Albuquerque was ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 27 June 1561, he was selected by the King
Bernardo_de_Albuquerque
1561
1561
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name for a young knight or novice at arms, Middle English and Old French bacheler (medieval Latin baccalarius), a word of unknown ultimate origin. The word had already been extended to mean ‘(young) unmarried man’ by the 14th century, but it is unlikely that many bearers of the surname derive from the word in that sense.The Reverend Stephen Bachiler (c.1561–1656) was a Puritan nonconformist, born in Hampshire, England, who came to New England in 1632, at the age of 71. In 1638/9 he was the leader of the founders of Hampton, NH.
1561
1561
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Musical
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Simon, with an excrescent -d.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Solitary.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire and Yorkshire)
English (Lancashire and Yorkshire) : variant of Copestake, an occupational nickname for a woodcutter, from Old French couper ‘to cut’ + Middle English stikke ‘stick’ or stake ‘pin’, ‘stake’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Hunter
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Mayberry.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim, Pashtun
Dear
Girl/Female
Tamil
Causing victory, Armour
Boy/Male
American, Australian, German
A Supreme Being
Biblical
burning
1561
1561
1561
1561
1561
n.
A milled sixpence; -- the sixpence being one of the first English coins milled (1561).