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Kashmiri poet and chronicler
Kalhana (c. 12th century) was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between
Kalhana
Maharaja of Kashmir from 724 to 760
region in the Indian subcontinent. The 12th-century Kashmiri chronicler Kalhana characterizes Lalitaditya as a "world conqueror", crediting him with miraculous
Lalitaditya_Muktapida
History book of Kashmir by Kalhana
the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The total reign of the following kings is mentioned
Rajatarangini
C. 25 – 561 CE Hindu dynasty of Kashmir
Restored Gonanda dynasty), was a Kashmiri Hindu dynasty. According to Kalhana, this dynasty ruled Kashmir just before the Karkotas. No contemporary literature
Second_Gonanda_dynasty
625 – 855 CE dynasty of Kashmir and neighbouring areas
by Kalhana, was aimed at sketching an outline of Kashmir's history since ancient times, and it did discuss the Karkota dynasty in depth. Kalhana depended
Karkota_dynasty
Surname list
or Dar used as a surname date back to the 16th century CE. Furthermore, Kalhana has explained in Rajatarangini, a book considered vital by historians that
Dhar_(surname)
(Gonandiya)
the Gonandiya dynasty, was a king of the region of Kashmir according to Kalhana, the 12th century CE historian who wrote the Rajatarangini. According to
Ashoka_(Gonandiya)
Maharaja of Kashmir from 1089 to 1101
and goddesses. Kalhana's Rajatarangini gives an interesting account of Harsha. Kalhana's father Champaka was a minister of Harsha. Kalhana wrote during
Harsha_of_Kashmir
Dynasty of Kashmir, 855 to 1003
were built, notable of which is the Avantiswara and Avantiswami temples. Kalhana's Rajatarangini, written in the 11th century, was meant to outline Kashmir's
Utpala_dynasty
List of rulers of Jammu and Kashmir region
(1979) [1900]. "Chronological and Dynastic Tables of Kalhana's Record of Kasmir Kings". Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir. Vol
List_of_monarchs_of_Kashmir
Kashmiri Hindu dynasty (1003–1320)
described in the Rajatarangini (Chronicle of Kings), a work written by Kalhana in the mid-12th century, upon which many studies of the first 150 years
Lohara_dynasty
Medieval dynasty of Gandhara and Punjab (822–1026)
chronicles of neighboring powers — Kashmir and Ghaznavi. Of the former, Kalhana's Rajatarangini (1148–1149) is the only extant source. Of the latter, there
Hindu_Shahis
Nripa
Mauryan Dynasty . Kalhana also states that this king appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. Multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the
Jalauka
Archaeological site in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Srinagar to Parihaspur. Kalhana mentions the construction of the city in his Book 4 cantos 194–204. Lalitaditya according to Kalhana built his residence and
Parihaspore
Ruler of Kashmir from 980 to 1003
relating to her is obtained from the Rajatarangini, a work written by Kalhana in the twelfth century. Didda was a daughter of Simharāja, the King of
Didda
Hindu shrine in Kashmir, India
century Nilamata Purana and the 12th century chronicle Rajatarangini of Kalhana, which refer to them as Amareshvara and Amareshvara yatra. The Rajatarangini
Amarnath_Temple
classical Kashmiri culture, as is reflected in the Nilamata Purana and Kalhana's Rajatarangini. Buddhism is generally believed to have become dominant
Buddhism_in_Kashmir
Ancient text from Kashmir
information on its history, geography, religion, and folklore. It was used by Kalhana as one of sources of his history. The dating of the text to 4th to 8th
Nilamata_Purana
Hindu temple in Srinagar, India
historical reference to the hill comes from Kalhana. He called the mountain 'Gopadri' or 'Gopa Hill'. Kalhana says that King Gopaditya granted the land
Shankaracharya_Temple
Varna in Hinduism, one of four castes
income by selling their labour services to other farmers. According to Kalhana's Rajatarangini (12th cent. CE) and Sahyadrikhanda (5th–13th cent. CE) of
Brahmin
15th century Kashmiri historian
wrote a work on the history of Kashmir that adds to the previous works of Kalhana and Jonaraja, thereby providing an update of the history of Kashmir till
Shrivara
City in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir
former state's reorganisation. The earliest record of the name comes from Kalhana's Sanskrit chronicle Rajatarangini, which mentions the name Śrīnagarī, from
Srinagar
Ancient smṛti text and Sanskrit epic
astronomers and historians, represented by Vrddha Garga, Varāhamihira and Kalhana, place the Bharata war 653 years after the Kali Yuga epoch, corresponding
Mahabharata
Town and district headquarters in Jammu and Kashmir
old name of Kishtwar was "Kashtvatha" as mentioned in Rajatarangini of Kalhana Pandita written in 1148 CE. In 2013, the municipality was the location
Kishtwar
northwestern India from 625 until 1003, and was followed by Lohara dynasty. Kalhana in his Rajatarangini credits king Lalitaditya with leading an aggressive
History_of_India
Ruined Kashmiri Hindu temple and ancient centre of learning
head (referring to his peaks) [in pride] of her residence there." In Kalhana's 12th century epic, Rajatarangini, Sharada Peeth is identified as a site
Sharada_Peeth
Vedic Hindu tribe in Ancient India
(virāga) and nobles (ārya) are not born there.) According to Rajatarangini of Kalhana, king Lalitaditya Muktapida of Kashmir leads a war expedition against the
Uttarakuru
Indian barrister, politician, author and scholar (1893–1944)
and for translating the Sanskrit texts Mudrarakshasa, Ṛtusaṃhāra and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into English. He was the husband of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Ranjit_Sitaram_Pandit
Kashmiri caste
from Chilas. Sajjad Gani Lone Abdul Gani Lone Shabnam Gani Lone Kalhana (1989). Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir: Vol 1 & 2
Lone_(caste)
Ancient Indo-Aryan civilisation
in ruins. It is also noted by Kalhana that Brahmins of Gandhara accepted from Mihirakula gifts of Agraharams. Kalhana also noted in his Rajatarangini
Gandhara
9th-century Shaivite thinker
According to Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) written in 12th-century CE by Kalhana, he lived during the reign of Avanti Varman (855-883 CE). Yoga Spandakarika:
Bhatta_Kallata
Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group of Nepal and India
century text Rajatarangini written by the local Kashmiri Pandit historian Kalhana. Furthermore, Rajatarangini describes the rulers of Rajapuri (modern Rajauri)
Khas_people
Hindu shrine in the town of Khrew in the Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Kashmiri Hindus and Kashmiri Muslim celebrating the festival. The historian Kalhana refers to the village "Khrew" in the Rajatarangini as "Khaduvi" and writes
Jwala_Ji_Temple_(Kashmir)
shimīra = desiccate). In the Rajatarangini, a history of Kashmir written by Kalhana in the mid-12th century, it is stated that the valley of Kashmir was formerly
History_of_Kashmir
One of the two major groupings of Brahmins
Brahmins in Hinduism, of which the other is Pancha-Dravida. According to Kalhana's Rajatarangini (c. 12th century CE), the Pancha Gauda group includes the
Pancha-Gauda
King of Kashmir from 25 to 59 CE
greatness of the king and his command of supernatural powers acquired thereby, Kalhana relates of him a digvijaya or conquest of the world. Meghavahana is supposed
Meghavahana
Ethnic group in Nepal and India
Introduction of Nepal. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. Stein, M.A. (2007). Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicles of Kings of Kashmir. Vol I, II, & III (Reprint)
Magars
Capital and largest city of Bangladesh
frontier kingdom. According to Rajatarangini, written by a Kashmiri Brahman, Kalhana, the region was originally known as Dhakka. The word Dhakka means watchtower
Dhaka
Hindu mother goddess
Furthermore, historical records show that the 12th-century Kashmiri historian Kalhana was well aware of her, noting that the worship of Vaishno Devi was already
Vaishno_Devi
15th-century Kashmiri historian and Sanskrit poet
historian and Sanskrit poet. His Dvitīyā Rājataraṅginī is a continuation of Kalhana's Rājataraṅginī and brings the chronicle of the kings of Kashmir down to
Jonaraja
Woman's draped garment of the Indian subcontinent
the ancient stanapaṭṭa. Rajatarangini, a tenth-century literary work by Kalhana, states that the choli from the Deccan was introduced under the royal order
Sari
One of the two major groupings of Brahmins
groupings of Brahmins in Hinduism, of which the other is Pancha-Gauda. Kalhana, in his Rajatarangini (c. 12th century CE), classifies the following five
Pancha-Dravida
Group of Hindu mother goddesses
the Matrika images have withered away. The 12th century Sanskrit author Kalhana mentions worship of Matrikas with Shiva and Parvati in Kashmir, his work
Matrikas
Social community of South Asia
Abu talks of "all the rājaputras of the illustrious Rājaputra clan". In Kalhana's Rājatarangiṇī (12th century), the rājaputras appear as mercenary soldiers
Rajput
Type of crop top worn with the sari
the 1st century CE. The Rajatarangini, a tenth-century literary work by Kalhana, states that the choli from the Deccan was introduced under the royal order
Choli
Region in South Asia
unknown – but the 16th edition was published in 1938). Stein, M. Aurel. 1900. Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī–A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr, 2 vols. London, A. Constable
Kashmir
Hindu temple in Kashmir, India
terrorist threats. The mention of Kheer Bhawani is found in Kalhana's Rajtarangini. Kalhana writes that the sacred spring of Tula Mula is situated in a
Kheer_Bhawani_Temple
Study of human activity based on materials left behind
into modern archaeological methodology. Twelfth-century Indian scholar Kalhana's writings involved recording local traditions and examining manuscripts
Archaeology
Hindu temple in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Mārtaṇḍa). The temple was destroyed by Sikandar Shah Miri. According to Kalhana, the Martand Sun Temple was commissioned by Lalitaditya Muktapida in the
Martand_Sun_Temple
Hindu calendar
that he conquered Kashmir and is the "Harsha Vikramaditya" mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini. Some earlier scholars believed that the Vikram Samvat corresponded
Vikram_Samvat
Town and sub-district in Jammu and Kashmir, India
place') and Bhadar Pura in the 1148 CE Sanskrit chronicle Rajatarangini of Kalhana, with the former likely a name given to the region by foreign Kashmiri
Bhaderwah
Locality in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
times in the history of Kashmir, including the famous Rajatarangini by Kalhana. The area is mentioned in medieval Kashmiri chronicles and pilgrimage records
Vichar_Nag
Huna King
relation with the "Toramana" of the Gonanda dynasty (II) mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini. Alram 2014, p. 278. Alram, Michael. "The Countenance of
Toramana_II
Mauryan emperor from 269 to 232 BCE
tradition) Tivala (own inscriptions) Kunala (North Indian tradition) Jalauka (Kalhana's Rajatarangini) Charumati Dynasty Maurya Father Bindusara Mother Subhadrangi
Ashoka
Community of India
clan). Similarly, the term Kayastha is used in the works of Kshemendra, Kalhana and Bilhana to refer to members of bureaucracy varying from Gṛhakṛtyamahattama
Kayastha
Sultan of Kashmir (r. 1418–1419, 1420–1470)
translated into Persian and Kashmiri. By his royal order, the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated from Sanskrit into Persian. The first known
Zayn_al-Abidin_the_Great
One of the nine aesthetic flavors in Sanskrit literature
here Kalhaṇa implies that the emotion needs to be evoked in the readers rather than experienced by the characters as suggested by Gary Tubb. As Kalhaṇa is
Shanta_Rasa
Indo-Aryan ethnic group in South Asia
believed to have turned into Duggar, eventually transforming to 'Dogra'. Kalhana's Rajatarangini makes no mention of a kingdom by any of these names, but
Dogras
Sanskrit genre of literary poetry
Bhārata-mañjarī – Kṣemendra Kathā-sarit-sāgara – Soma-deva Rāja-taraṅgiṇī – Kalhaṇa Sevya-sevakopadeśa – Kṣemendra Cāru-caryā – Kṣemendra Bṛhatkathā-mañjarī
Kāvya
Ancient kingdom located beyond north-west India
Mlecchas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Parasikas, Hunas etc. The Rajatarangini of Kalhana records that king Laliditya Muktapida, the 8th-century ruler of Kashmir
Tushara
City in Jammu & Kashmir, India
The old name of Rajouri was "Rajapuri" as mentioned in Rajtarangni of Kalhana Pandita written in 1148 CE. Rajouri came under the suzerainty of the Kashmir
Rajouri
Hindu temple in Jammu and Kashmir, India
King Gopaditya, known as the Jyeshtarudra Temple. While referring to Kalhana's Rajatarangini and archaeological evidences, he explains that one mile
Zeashta_Devi_Shrine
Kashmiri Pandit surname
we find that the earliest surnames that we come across, as mentioned by Kalhana, are Rajanaka (Razdan) and Kak and these surnames have survived down the
Razdan_(surname)
King of Kashmir from 855 to 883
basis, the distribution of water for each village according to its need. Kalhana perhaps is not magniloquent when he says of him 'Suyya, who possessed accumulated
Avantivarman_of_Kashmir
Ethnic group in larger Punjab region
Takka territory. The area is also mentioned as Takadesa or Takkavisya in Kalhana's Rajtarangani. According to "Ramesh Chandra Agrawal", in 712 CE Arabs invaded
Gurjars_in_Punjab
Woman dedicated to the worship of a temple's patron god
include the works of authors such as Xuanzang, a Chinese traveller, and Kalhana, a Kashmiri historian. An inscription dated to the 11th century suggests
Devadasi
Possible ruler of the Alchon Huns
nicknamed "Andha-Yudhishthira" because he had small eyes. According to Kalhana, Yudhishthira was the last great Huna ruler, though he still produced a
Yudhishthira_(Huna_king)
370–670 CE nomadic people who invaded India
reign probably lasted about 60 years from circa 530 CE. According to Kalhana's 12th century text Rajatarangini, Pravarasena established a new capital
Alchon_Huns
Ancient kingdom in modern-day Afghanistan
BC, Chinese travellers visiting the kings many centuries later and even Kalhana writing five centuries after the Chinese travellers agree on their Kshatriya
Kingdom_of_Kapisa
Town in Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
regarded as an incarnation of the Lord of Food himself by the great historian Kalhana in his book 'Rajatarangini'. Suyya's reputation attracted many persons
Sopore
Former dynasty of Kannauj (725–770)
Valley and Kashmir — before returning in triumph to Kannauj. However, Kalhana, a Kashmiri court chronicler who lived around the 12th century CE, gives
Varman_dynasty_(Kannauj)
King of Kannauj from 725 to 752
Valley and Kashmir — before returning in triumph to Kannauj. However, Kalhana, a Kashmiri court chronicler who lived around the 12th century CE, gives
Yashovarman
1014 conflict between the Ghaznavids and the Hindu Shahis
Sangramaraja the king of Kashmir who dispatched his prime minister Tunga. Kalhana, in his 12th-century chronicle Rajatarangini, provides a detailed account
Battle_of_the_River_Tausi
Mimamsa Sutras, Jaimini Bharata, Jaimini Sutras Jayadeva Gita Govinda Kalhana Rajatarangini Kālidāsa Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Meghadūta, Raghuvaṃśa, Kumārasambhava
List of ancient Indian writers
List_of_ancient_Indian_writers
Legendary emperor of Ujjain, India
Gunadhya (the author of Brihatkatha, on which these books are based). Kalhana's 12th-century Rajatarangini mentions that Harsha Vikramaditya of Ujjayini
Vikramaditya
Queen of Kashmir
imprisoned and later killed in a Buddhist monastery called Nispalaka Vihara. Kalhana observes: "Strange are the ways of fate, ever falling and rising". In early
Sugandha
Sanskrit scholar, poet, and playwright in 8th-century India
is believed to have been the court poet of king Yashovarman of Kannauj. Kalhana, the 12th-century historian, places him in the entourage of the king, who
Bhavabhuti
11th-century Kashmiri poet
also called Khonmoh or Khunmoh. According to the 12th-century writer Kalhana, Khonmusha had been granted to Brahmins as an agrahara by king Khagendra;
Bilhana
Mountain range of the Lower Himalayas
Banarsidass, pp. 204–205, ISBN 978-81-208-0690-0 Stein, M. A. (1900), Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2, Westminster:
Pir_Panjal_Range
Town in Jammu and Kashmir, India
VIII, verse 1665-66, RAJTARNGINI of Kalhana translated and quoted by Sir Aurel Stein at page – 131 Vol II of Kalhana's Rajtarangini A Chronicle of Kings
Banihal
King of Kamarupa from 398 to 422
attended by princes of different countries of Aryavarta. Rajtarangini of Kalhana gives detail accounts of this event. Princess eventually accepted prince
Balavarman
Ancient Indo-Tibetan group
(1979) [1900]. "Chronological and Dynastic Tables of Kalhana's Record of Kasmir Kings". Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir. Vol
Khasas
District of Gilgit–Baltistan administered by Pakistan
p. 11 – via archive.org Stein, M. A. (1989) [first published 1900], Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A chronicle of the kings of Kashmir, Volume 2., Motilal
Diamer_District
List of winners of a literary honor in India
Bhat Kalhanana Rajatharangmi (Vol I & II) Rajatarangini Sanskrit Poetry Kalhana 1998 C. Raghavan Indulekha Indulekha Malayalam Novel O. Chandu Menon 1999
List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Kannada
List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Translation_Prize_winners_for_Kannada
District of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Kashmir Valley as a whole. "In his introduction to the Rajtarangini Kulan or Kalhána, Pandit says about the climate of Valley: 'It is a country where the sun
Anantnag_district
Ancient port city of Bengal, India
Based on these accounts, it is inferred that Mayurdhwaja, identified by Kalhana as the earliest known king of Tamralipta, belonged to the Mahishya community
Tamralipta_Kingdom
Village in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
administratively Union Council: Garlat گرلاٹ. Marc Aurel Stein (1900). Kalhana's Rajatarangini Vol 2. "Tehsils & Unions in the District of Mansehra - Government
Kanshian
River in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, tributary of the Jhelum River
Lulu.com. p. 37–. ISBN 9780963479860. Retrieved 11 October 2013. Kalhana (2001). Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmi. Elibron.com
Sind_River
Indian writer (born 1927)
from Kathiawad. Pandit was also a classical scholar who had translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini into English from Sanskrit. [citation needed]
Nayantara_Sahgal
District of Azad Kashmir administered by Pakistan
(1990). The Kashmir Saga. Verinag. Durgaprasada (1892). Rajatarangini Of Kalhana Vol.1. Mohibbul Hassan. Kashmir Under The Sultans Mohibbul Hassan. Parmu
Poonch_District,_Pakistan
Gradual process of replacement of in India, ended around the 13th or 14th century
above-mentioned northern regions of Kashmir is reported in the Rajatarangini of Kalhana written in 1150/1 CE. It survived in the Kashmir Valley at least until
Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Aramudi, who is mentioned in the Kashmirian chronicle, the Rajatarangini of Kalhana (1150 CE), many Thakuri kings ruled over parts of the country up to the
History_of_Nepal
Muslim dynasty of Kashmir (1339–1561)
conflict (1947–present) Related articles Rajatarangini Religious history Kalhana Nilamata Purana Military history History of Azad Kashmir History of Gilgit-Baltistan
Shah_Mir_dynasty
Mountain peak in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Hindu text Nilamata Purana and the 12th century chronicle Rajatarangini of Kalhana. Ancient Hindu scriptures and texts refer to mount Mahadev as a sacred
Mount_Mahadev
Series of conflicts between 870 and 900
death in 878–879, after which Lalliya, noted as a courageous ruler by Kalhana, likely regained control of Kabul. During Ya'qub's campaigns, he extended
Hindu_Shahi–Saffarid_wars
Neighbourhood in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
bridge. According to Stein there was an important Tirath in ancient times. Kalhana mentions a cremation ground (Shamshan Bhomi) in this area where Uccala
Maisuma
City in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir
(identified with modern Billawar). Its rulers are repeatedly mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini.Bamzai, P. N. K. (1994). Culture and Political History of
Jammu
District in Punjab, India
is observed by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang in the seventh century, and Kalhana records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma
Jalandhar_district
Huna King
late as the Karkota dynasty. Several rulers with Alchon names appear in Kalhana's Rajatarangini (composed in the 12th century CE). Although the chronology
Toramana_of_Kashmir
Thakur 1990, p. 287. Stein, Marc Aurel (1979) [First published 1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir. Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass
List_of_Indian_monarchs
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