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Extension of SOAP
Web Services Security (WS-Security, WSS) is an extension to SOAP to apply security to Web services. It is a member of the Web service specifications and
WS-Security
of version 1.2. It extends the fundamental security protocols specified by the WS-Security, WS-Trust and WS-Secure Conversation by offering mechanisms
WS-SecurityPolicy
WS-SecureConversation is a Web Services specification, created by IBM and others, that works in conjunction with WS-Security, WS-Trust and WS-Policy to
WS-SecureConversation
Identity Federation specification
specifications are associated with WS-Security: WS-SecureConversation WS-Federation WS-Authorization WS-Policy WS-Trust WS-Privacy List of Web service specifications
WS-Federation
(WSFL) WS-Agreement WS-AtomicTransaction WS-BusinessActivity WS-Coordination WS-CAF WS-Transaction WS-Context WS-CF WS-TXM WS-CIM WS-GAF WS-Management WS-Management
List of web service specifications
List_of_web_service_specifications
Promise by Microsoft
WS-Management WS-Management Catalog WS-MetadataExchange WS-Policy WS-PolicyAttachment WS-ReliableMessaging WS-RM Policy WS-SecureConversation WS-Security: Kerberos
Microsoft Open Specification Promise
Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise
Client/Server/ Asyn Support WS-ReliableMessaging, WS-Security, WS-Addressing, MTOM, WS-Policy, WS-SecureConversation, WS-SecurityPolicy, WS-Trust SOAP1.1, SOAP1
List of web service frameworks
List_of_web_service_frameworks
security in SOA. Standards such as WS-Security, SAML, WS-Trust, WS-SecureConversation and WS-SecurityPolicy focus on the security and identity management aspects
SOA_security
WS-Trust is a WS-* specification and OASIS standard that provides extensions to WS-Security, specifically dealing with the issuing, renewing, and validating
WS-Trust
Open-source web service
WS-MetadataExchange WS-Transfer WS-Policy Security WS-Security WS-SecureConversation WS-Trust WS-SecurityPolicy Messaging WS-ReliableMessaging WS-RMPolicy Transactions
Metro_WSIT
Network protocol for business-to-business data
using Web services. Secure document exchange is governed by aspects of WS-Security, including XML Encryption and XML Digital Signatures. Payload agnosticism
AS4
WS-Policy is a specification that allows web services to use XML to advertise their policies (on security, quality of service, etc.) and for web service
WS-Policy
Computer network protocol
Foundation. UA Security consists of authentication and authorization, encryption and data integrity via signatures. For Web Services the WS-SecureConversation
OPC_Unified_Architecture
Messaging protocol for web services
and responses SOAP has three major characteristics: extensibility (security and WS-Addressing are among the extensions under development) neutrality (SOAP
SOAP
Chinese long-range multiple launch rocket systems
The Weishi (WS; Chinese: 卫士; lit. 'Guardian') family of multiple rocket launcher systems were mainly developed by Sichuan Academy of Aerospace Technology
Weishi_rockets
Web services framework
Standards Support: SOAP WS-Addressing WS-Policy WS-ReliableMessaging WS-SecureConversation WS-Security WS-SecurityPolicy JAX-WS API for Web service development
Apache_CXF
Software
structures StAX (Streaming API for XML) WS-RM (Limited functional support) Support for (OASIS specified) WS-Security 1.0. WS-Addressing (Limited functional support)
IBM WebSphere Application Server
IBM_WebSphere_Application_Server
Web service engine
standards: WS-ReliableMessaging WS-Coordination – Via Apache Kandula2 WS-AtomicTransaction – Via Apache Kandula2 WS-SecurityPolicy – Via Apache Rampart WS-Security
Apache_Axis2
List of computer security products
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is a set of specifications that encompasses the XML-format for security tokens containing assertions to pass
SAML-based products and services
SAML-based_products_and_services
set of classes that implement additional WS-* web service specifications chiefly in areas such as security, reliable messaging, and sending attachments
Web_Services_Enhancements
Identity Web Services Framework is a protocol stack that profiles WS-Security, WS-Addressing, SAML and adds new protocol specifications of its own, such
ID-WSF
Computer network protocol
listeners ws.onopen = () => { console.log("Connection opened"); ws.send("Hi server, please send me the score of yesterday's game"); }; ws.onmessage =
WebSocket
higher-level protocols such as Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) or WS-Security for security extensions. Alex Nghiem (2003) The Basic Web Services Stack
Web_services_protocol_stack
Discontinued identity selector app by Microsoft
an open set of XML-based protocols, including WS-Security, WS-Trust, WS-MetadataExchange and WS-SecurityPolicy. This means that any technology or platform
Windows_CardSpace
Standard for cryptographic certificates
themselves or their owners. These certificates are in X.509 form. The WS-Security standard defines authentication either through TLS or through its own
X.509
Software development toolkit
92, 2.0 WS-Security WS-Policy 1.2, 1.5 and WS-SecurityPolicy 1.2 WS-Addressing 2003/03, 2004/03, 2005/03 WS-ReliableMessaging 1.0 and 1.1 WS-Discovery
GSOAP
Computer executable language
conventions which start with "WS-" (similar to WS-Security) and took account of the significant enhancements made between BPEL4WS 1.1 and WS-BPEL 2.0.) If not discussing
Business Process Execution Language
Business_Process_Execution_Language
Korean web application server
without open firewall ports, which inherently provides for stronger data security. Administrators can also configure access control lists. JEUS 3.0 : J2EE
JEUS
List of projects maintained by the Apache Software Foundation
Rampart: implementation of the WS-Security standard for the Axis2 Web services engine Sandesha2: an Axis2 module implementing WS-RM. Bahir: extensions to distributed
List of Apache Software Foundation projects
List_of_Apache_Software_Foundation_projects
Web Services specification
of Web service specifications WS-Federation Cover Pages: Web Services Security Specification (WS-Security, WS-Security 2004) "Microsoft Learn: Build skills
Web Services Security Kerberos Binding
Web_Services_Security_Kerberos_Binding
WS-Reliability was a SOAP-based OASIS specification that fulfills reliable messaging requirements critical to some applications of Web Services. WS-Reliability
WS-Reliability
Topics referred to by the same term
company Windows Sound System Windows SharePoint Services WS-Security (meaning Web Services Security) Westdale Secondary School, a public high school in Hamilton
WSS
Chinese fighter turbofan engine
The Shenyang WS-10 (Chinese: 涡扇-10; pinyin: Wōshàn-10; lit. 'turbofan-10'), codename Taihang, is a turbofan engine designed and built by the People's Republic
Shenyang_WS-10
Security token service (STS) is a cross-platform open standard core component of the OASIS group's WS-Trust web services single sign-on infrastructure
Security_token_service
Computer security specialist
He is a contributor to XKMS. He is a coauthor on the OASIS standard WS-SECURITY. LaMacchia earned S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. degrees from MIT in 1990, 1991
Brian_LaMacchia
Software framework
implements many advanced Web services (WS) standards such as WS-Addressing, WS-ReliableMessaging and WS-Security. With the release of .NET Framework 4
Windows Communication Foundation
Windows_Communication_Foundation
"Protecting The United States From Foreign Terrorists And Other National Security And Public Safety Threats". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 20, 2025
List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency
List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency
XML syntax for digital signatures
addressed in the XML Security Working Group. Without proper policy and implementation the use of XML Dsig in SOAP and WS-Security can lead to vulnerabilities
XML_Signature
Chinese turbofan aircraft engine
The WS-13 (Chinese: 涡扇-13), codename Taishan, is a turbofan engine designed and manufactured by Guizhou Aircraft Industry Corporation to power the CAC/PAC
Guizhou_WS-13
Chinese stealth fighter aircraft
its engines with the WS-10C. The WS-10C is considered an interim solution before Shenyang WS-15 passes evaluations. Moreover, WS-10C will not be equipped
Chengdu_J-20
Computer software
CalDAV, CardDAV, SOAP, UDDI, WSDL, WS-Policy, WS-Security, WS-ReliableMessaging, WS-Routing, WS-Referral, WS-Attachment, WS-BPEL, SyncML, GData, SPARQL, SPARUL
Virtuoso_Universal_Server
Denomination of the Indian rupee
Releases". 10-rupee banknote - 1937 - image - banknote.ws 10-rupee banknote - 1970 - image - banknote.ws "Issue of ₹10/- Banknotes with incorporation of Rupee
Indian_10-rupee_note
Personal digital identity for online use
using WS-SecurityPolicy statements exchanged using WS-MetadataExchange. An encapsulating protocol to obtain claims and requirements. The WS-Trust and WS-Federation
Information_card
Computer network device
identity and message security. They typically implement WS-Security message standards along with standards like SAML, WS-I BSP, WS-Policy and so forth
XML_appliance
Schema, SOAP 1.2, WS-Addressing, and further comprises WS-MetadataExchange, WS-Transfer, WS-Policy, WS-Security, WS-Discovery and WS-Eventing. Microsoft's
Devices Profile for Web Services
Devices_Profile_for_Web_Services
British domestic intelligence agency
MI5. Allen Lane. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-713-99885-6. "MI5 (The Security Service)". www.GeoCities.ws. The Secret Architecture of London. Retrieved 18 February
MI5
Core Java libraries
various APIs for Web services, as SOAP protocol and JAX-WS. Security is provided by java.security and encryption services are provided by javax.crypto.
Java_Class_Library
Norwegian software corporation
variety of security technologies and service oriented architecture standards in order to secure data and information exchange, such as PKI, WS-Security and SAML
Kantega
Web service stack
semi-independent projects: JAX-WS RI, the Reference implementation of the JAX-WS specification WSIT, a Java implementation of some of the WS-* and an enhanced support
Eclipse_Metro
Chinese multi-role fighter aircraft family
Candidates were an improved Woshan WS-6, the WP-15, or a new engine. The new engine, ultimately the Shenyang WS-10, was chosen in 1983. The State Council
Chengdu_J-10
Criteria Security Evaluation". net-security.org. 2008-11-26. Retrieved 9 December 2008. "Oracle Acquires Oblix, Expanding Oracle's Integrated Security And
Oracle_Identity_Management
Software for automated reasoning about cryptography
Gordon, Andrew D. (2006-09-08). "Verified Reference Implementations of WS-Security Protocols". Web Services and Formal Methods. Lecture Notes in Computer
ProVerif
Microsoft, VeriSign, and RSA Security. List of Web service specifications WS-Federation: Active Requestor Profile WS-Federation: Active Requestor Profile
WS-Federation Active Requestor Profile
WS-Federation_Active_Requestor_Profile
Protocol standard for out-of-band management
DASH 1.2 specifications. DASH uses the DMTF's Web Services for Management (WS-Management) protocol for communication of CIM objects and services. The web
Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware
Desktop_and_mobile_Architecture_for_System_Hardware
Chinese air superiority fighter
a J-11 with one engine replaced with a WS-10. WS-10 development proved difficult. One regiment converted to WS-10-powered J-11Bs in 2007, but was grounded
Shenyang_J-11
Currency of Iran
IRN0143ao.jpg, (600 × 295 px)". banknote.ws. Retrieved September 6, 2015. "Image: IRN0143ar.jpg, (600 × 292 px)". banknote.ws. Retrieved September 6, 2015. "Image:
Iranian_rial
Air-launched ballistic missile Air-to-surface missile
Force began studying solutions to the "Puzzle of Polaris" under the WS-199 program. WS-199 was a grab-bag effort, studying anything that might improve the
GAM-87_Skybolt
Web Services specification
by IBM, BEA Systems, Microsoft, VeriSign, and RSA Security. List of Web service specifications "WS-Federation: Passive Requestor Profile". Archived from
WS-Federation Passive Requestor Profile
WS-Federation_Passive_Requestor_Profile
Detachment 3, 28th WS, at RAF Lakenheath Detachment 4, 28th WS, at RAF Bentwaters Detachment 15, 28th WS, at RAF Mildenhall Detachment 17, 28th WS, at RAF Upper
Outline of the U.S. Air Force in Europe at the end of the Cold War
Outline_of_the_U.S._Air_Force_in_Europe_at_the_end_of_the_Cold_War
American insurance brokerage
Global Insurance & Reinsurance Brokers - Reinsurance News". ReinsuranceNe.ws. Retrieved August 31, 2025. "Gallagher's History". www.ajg.com. Retrieved
Arthur_J._Gallagher_&_Co.
of Aerospace Technology WS-2 WS-3 WS-6 WS-15 WS-22 WS-32 WS-33 WS-35 WS-43 WS-63 WS-64 WS-400 WS-600L SA2 – 76 mm SW1 SWS2 Type 80 (WZ305) – dual 57 mm
List of equipment of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force
List_of_equipment_of_the_People's_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force
Interoperability guidance for core web services specifications
The WS-I Basic Profile (official abbreviation is BP), a specification from the Web Services Interoperability industry consortium (WS-I), provides interoperability
WS-I_Basic_Profile
Implementation of WS-Management
Remote Management (WinRM) is the Microsoft implementation of the DMTF-standard WS-Management. It allows accessing or exchanging management information across
Windows_Remote_Management
Criminal marketplace
2022 following a U.S. government seizure. It used the domain names ssndob.ws, ssndob.vip, ssndob.club, and blackjob.biz. In 2013 Brian Krebs reported that
SSNDOB
Former British design and construction company
was admitted to the London Stock Exchange in 1996, trading under the name WS Atkins plc for a time before rebranding as Atkins during 2002. While Atkins
Atkins_(company)
October 2021. "P-148". banknote.ws. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021. "P-142". banknote.ws. Archived from the original
Banknotes of the Indonesian rupiah
Banknotes_of_the_Indonesian_rupiah
Industry consortium to promote web services
develop interoperable web services. WS-I Basic Profile WS-I Basic Security Profile Simple Soap Binding Profile The WS-I is not a certifying authority; thus
Web_Services_Interoperability
American web portal
include names, email addresses, telephone numbers, encrypted or unencrypted security questions and answers, dates of birth, and encrypted passwords. Further
Yahoo
Service-oriented architecture library
SOA implementation as web services, then it should have WS-Security, WS-Policy and other WS-type standards compliance. If based on REST or other protocols
SOALIB
Currency of several Central African countries
2021-05-30. "P-101C". banknote.ws. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2017. "P-202E". banknote.ws. Archived from the original
Central_African_CFA_franc
Chinese stealth multirole fighter aircraft
initially powered by the Guizhou WS-21 engine, also known as the WS-13X, a derivative and upgrade of the WS-13E. The WS-21 provides 93.2 kN (21,000 lbf;
Shenyang_J-35
Directed-energy weapon
The AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System or XN-1 LaWS is a laser weapon developed by the United States Navy. The weapon was installed on USS Ponce for field testing
AN/SEQ-3_Laser_Weapon_System
Chinese shipbuilding company
Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group (WS), commonly called Wuchang Shipyard or Wuhan Shipyard, is a major state-owned in-land shipyard in Wuchang, Wuhan
Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group
Wuchang_Shipbuilding_Industry_Group
Technical standard for authentication and authorization
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML, pronounced SAM-el, /ˈsæməl/) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between
SAML
American IT management software developer
commercial version of an earlier shareware product, WS_Ping, as well as purchasing the rights to WS_FTP. In 2008, Ipswitch acquired the Wisconsin-based
Ipswitch,_Inc.
US-based software and services company
ReinsuranceNe.ws. "TTP – Inside Palantir's Expanding Influence Operation". Tech Transparency Project. Retrieved October 22, 2025. "Munich Security Conference
Palantir
Main airport serving London, England
2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025. "Air India shifts BLR-LGW to BLR-LHR in WS 2024". 19 October 2024. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved
Heathrow_Airport
Software used to access websites
Caches". Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Studies. WS.2 2018. New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 64–71.
Web_browser
Intel microprocessor, released in 2023
segmentation into i3, i5, i7 and i9, Sapphire Rapids-WS is labeled Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9. Sapphire Rapids-WS was unveiled in February 2023, and was made available
Sapphire_Rapids
Chinese multirole strike fighter
electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and is powered by two Chinese Shenyang WS-10A turbofan engines. Weight is reduced through greater use of composite materials
Shenyang_J-16
6th generation Xeon x86 server processors designed by Intel, released in 2024
16 lanes of PCIe 4.0. Intel announced on February 2, 2026 Granite Rapids-WS processors on the LGA 4710 socket. Intel's process–architecture–optimization
Granite_Rapids
Chinese fourth-generation carrier-based multirole fighter
designated J-15T, made its maiden flight, powered by two indigenous Shenyang WS-10H engines. The type began test flight at PLAN land-based catapult facilities
Shenyang_J-15
Discontinued URL shortening service
Anyway?". ws-dl.blogspot.com. WS-DL. Retrieved 11 August 2025. Nelson, Michael (14 August 2025). "Goodbye, goo.gl/0R8XX6". ws-dl.blogspot.com. WS-DL. Retrieved
Google_URL_Shortener
American insurance broker
"Acrisure acquires award-winning MGA Modus - Reinsurance News". ReinsuranceNe.ws. Retrieved 2023-09-08. McVicar, Brian (2023-09-22). "New Grand Rapids riverfront
Acrisure
Prototype supersonic strategic bomber
110A". The USAF Air Research and Development Command's (ARDC) requirement for WS-110A asked for a chemical-fuel bomber with Mach 0.9 cruising speed and "maximum
North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie
Laboratory near Santa Fe, New Mexico
in areas of global security, nuclear defense, energy, and health. Complex Natural and Engineered Systems (CNES) Weapons Systems (WS) Los Alamos operates
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory
Currency of Saudi Arabia
2016-12-28. "P-W44". www.banknote.ws. Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2023-03-22. "P-W45". www.banknote.ws. Archived from the original on
Saudi_riyal
Microsoft software component
Services, using it as an identity provider. ADFS can interact with other WS-* and SAML 2.0-compliant federation services as federation partners. ADFS
Active Directory Federation Services
Active_Directory_Federation_Services
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
participants who know a secret, typically a private key, to generate cheap PoWs. The rationale is that mailing-list holders may generate stamps for every
Proof_of_work
1962 science fantasy novel by Madeleine L'Engle
home, and back to the moment in time just after the Ws and the children originally left Earth; the Ws then vanish. The novel is highly spiritualized, with
A_Wrinkle_in_Time
Espionage using electromagnetic leakage
TEMPEST is a codename under the U.S. National Security Agency specification and a NATO certification referring to spying on information systems through
Tempest_(codename)
XML-based interface description language
Bindings Archived 2009-04-11 at the Wayback Machine for XMLBeans and JAXB. RELAX-WS: Simple web service definition language based on RELAX NG Compact Syntax Kevin
Web Services Description Language
Web_Services_Description_Language
Linux distribution developed by Canonical
Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015. "Bonobo WS". system76.com. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved
Ubuntu
Free software re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol
Since Windows Vista the WS-Discovery protocol has been included along with SMB2 and its successors, which supersede these. (WS-Discovery is implemented
Samba_(software)
2025 US executive order
identify as nonbinary. In October 2025, pursuant to Executive Order 14235[ws], "Restoring Public Service Loan Forgiveness", the administration finalized
Executive_Order_14168
Soviet screening camp for returning soldiers
80% civilians and 20% of PoWs were freed 5% of civilians, and 43% of PoWs, were re-drafted 10% of civilians and 22% of PoWs were sent to labor battalions
NKVD_filtration_camps
American multinational fast food corporation
March 2002, the Tricon-Yorkshire multibranding test consisted of 83 KFC/A&Ws, six KFC/Long John Silver's and three Taco Bell/Long John Silver's and was
Yum!_Brands
November 2023. Polewski, Kamil (11 December 2023). "Oświadczenie Eurowizja.org ws. relacjonowania udziału Izraela w Eurowizji 2024" [Eurowizja.org's statement
Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024
Search engine from Google
existence of a famine in Gaza. The campaign coincided with the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification formally declaring famine in the Gaza governorate
Google_Search
Single sign-on protocol
Protocol SAML v1 and v2 Protocol OAuth Protocol OpenID & OpenID Connect Protocol WS-Federation Passive Requestor Protocol Authentication via JAAS, LDAP, RDBMS
Central Authentication Service
Central_Authentication_Service
WS SECURITY
WS SECURITY
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security. Deposit.
Boy/Male
Muslim
In protection, Security
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security of Allah
Boy/Male
Greek
Security.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Treasure, Security, Deposit
Boy/Male
Indian
Intelligent, Happy, Auspicious, Security, Wealthy
Girl/Female
Tamil
Safety, Security, Welfare, Tranquility, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Greek American
Security. Helmet maker. Pool in a hollow. Famous Bearer: Homer, the Greek poet who authored...
Boy/Male
Muslim
This ws the name of Wahb Ibn
Girl/Female
Tamil
Safety, Security, Welfare, Tranquility, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Hindu
Treasure, Security, Deposit
Girl/Female
Hindu
Safety, Security, Welfare, Tranquility, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Muslim
The granter of security
Boy/Male
Indian
The granter of security
Boy/Male
Indian
In protection, Security
Boy/Male
Greek
Security.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security. Deposit.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Safety, Security, Welfare, Tranquility, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intelligent, Happy, Auspicious, Security, Wealthy
Boy/Male
Indian
This ws the name of Wahb Ibn
WS SECURITY
WS SECURITY
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit, Telugu
Blessing; Fortune; Luck
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Elixir of Righteousness
Female
French
Italian form of French Blanche, BIANCA means "white."Â
Girl/Female
Indian
Helper
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Dorset named Galton.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Appearance
Girl/Female
Buddhist, Indian
Princess
Girl/Female
Tamil
One end of Saree which is free
Girl/Female
Biblical
Black.
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Tamil
Goddess of Nature; Night's Rain
WS SECURITY
WS SECURITY
WS SECURITY
WS SECURITY
WS SECURITY
v. t.
To give security for the performance of.
n.
Hence, carelessness; negligence; heedlessness.
n.
One who becomes surety for another, or engages himself for the performance of another's obligation.
n.
The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.
n.
The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard, danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of an experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.
n.
That which vouches or insures for anything; guaranty; security.
n.
A shaded place; shelter; protection; security.
n.
Freedom from apprehension, anxiety, or care; confidence of power of safety; hence, assurance; certainty.
n.
Freedom from risk; safety.
n.
An evidence of debt or of property, as a bond, a certificate of stock, etc.; as, government securities.
n.
The condition or quality of being secure; secureness.
n.
A work or structure of stone, brick, or other materials, raised to some height, and intended for defense or security, solid and permanent inclosing fence, as around a field, a park, a town, etc., also, one of the upright inclosing parts of a building or a room.
n.
Pledge; security; bail. See Mortgage.
n.
Authority; security; warranty.
n.
Security; warrant; guaranty.
n.
That which secures or makes safe; protection; guard; defense.
n.
The rough breathing; a mark (/) placed over an initial vowel sound or over / to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with h before it; thus "ws, pronounced h/s, "rh`twr, pronounced hra"t/r.
n.
A ruler or state that pays tribute, or a stated sum, to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security.
n.
a writing, pass, or warrant of security, given to a person to enable him to travel with safety.
n.
Something given, deposited, or pledged, to make certain the fulfillment of an obligation, the performance of a contract, the payment of a debt, or the like; surety; pledge.