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Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) is an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) initiative that encourages private industry and federal
Voluntary_Protection_Program
United States federal regulatory agency
and employers in reducing workplace hazards. OSHA started the Voluntary Protection Programs in 1982, which allow employers to apply as "model workplaces"
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration
The Voluntary Protection Programs Participants’ Association, Inc. (VPPPA), is a nonprofit association of cooperative safety and health management systems
Voluntary Protection Programs Participants' Association
Voluntary_Protection_Programs_Participants'_Association
To protect threatened witnesses before, during, and after a trial
States Federal Witness Protection Program (WPP), also known as the Witness Security Program or WITSEC, is a witness protection program codified through 18
United States Federal Witness Protection Program
United_States_Federal_Witness_Protection_Program
Carcinogenic fibrous silicate mineral
from random inspections through the Voluntary Protection Program. In 1989, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the Asbestos Ban
Asbestos
Military facility in California, United States
ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Standard; on track to become a Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Star-certified installation. More than 36,000 buildable
Sierra_Army_Depot
Defunct American paper producer
2015, Verso Paper's Quinnesec Mill was awarded the Michigan Voluntary Protection Program (MVPP) Star award by the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health
Verso_Corporation
U.S. federal government business loan program
The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) is a $953-billion business loan program established by the United States federal government during the Trump administration
Paycheck_Protection_Program
Chemical weapons destruction facility
and monitored the progress of the nation's declared destruction programs. The Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives (PEO ACWA)
Pueblo Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant
Pueblo_Chemical_Agent-Destruction_Pilot_Plant
Military installation in Bowie County, Texas, U.S.
Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) facility to achieve Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Star Status (occupational safety and health). In addition
Red_River_Army_Depot
the contractor's employee safety and health program, accepting Bristol into its Voluntary Protection Program and recognizing their work as a "workplace
Bristol_Alliance_of_Companies
Achievement Award, National Safety Council, retrieved 2020-02-01 Voluntary Protection Programs, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, retrieved 2020-02-01
List of occupational health and safety awards
List_of_occupational_health_and_safety_awards
Field concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people at work
high-hazard industries. Worksites may apply to enter OSHA's Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). A successful application leads to an on-site inspection;
Occupational safety and health
Occupational_safety_and_health
American oil company
of graft. In 1999, OxyChem achieved Star Status under OSHA's Voluntary Protection Programs as being among the safest work sites in the U.S. On July 6,
Occidental_Petroleum
Providing residence or citizenship in exchange for investment
Immigrant investor programs are immigration programs offered by countries or territories that allow individuals to more quickly obtain residence or citizenship
Immigrant_investor_programs
Planned weapons destruction plant in Kentucky, U.S.
monitored the progress of the nation's chemical weapons destruction programs. The Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives (PEO ACWA)
Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant
Blue_Grass_Chemical_Agent-Destruction_Pilot_Plant
Topics referred to by the same term
Volumetric Production Payment, a form of financing Voluntary Protection Program, a safety management program administered by OSHA in the US This disambiguation
VPP
Return of a migrant to their country of origin
Voluntary return or voluntary repatriation is the return of a migrant such as undocumented immigrants, rejected asylum seekers, refugees, unaccompanied
Voluntary_return
Voluntary carbon market integrity initiative
The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) is an independent governance body that publishes the Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) and related
Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market
Integrity_Council_for_the_Voluntary_Carbon_Market
Plumbing manufacturer
admitted into OSHA's Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) and designated as VPP Star Sites, which recognize exemplary health and safety programs, a status that
McWane
Information Administration through the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program. Separately, the Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 commenced implementing
United States federal register of greenhouse gas emissions
United_States_federal_register_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions
Phenomenon of international trade relations
A voluntary export restraint (VER) or voluntary export restriction is a self-imposed, voluntary restriction implemented by an exporting country, on the
Voluntary_export_restraint
Oil refinery in North Dakota
health program." The petroleum refinery was designated as a "star" site, the highest level of recognition offered by OSHA's Voluntary Protection Programs. In
Mandan_Refinery
Unincorporated community in Ohio, United States
November 8, 2020. "USG Plant in Gypsum, Ohio Celebrates OSHA Voluntary Protection Program Star Achievement". Business Wire. November 4, 2013. Retrieved
Gypsum,_Ohio
U.S. federal government agency
industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts. The agency's budgeted
United States Environmental Protection Agency
United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency
American politician
Gregg Industrial Insulators, Inc. It was admitted to the OSHA, Voluntary Protection Program, [1] and is a multi-million dollar company which employs more
Tommy_Merritt
Practice of medically requesting another end one's own life to spare terminal suffering
Voluntary euthanasia is the purposeful ending of another person's life at their request, in order to relieve them of suffering. Voluntary euthanasia and
Voluntary_euthanasia
Things being due to a person upon or by fact of their birth
allegiance to the sovereign, and in turn, was entitled to the king's protection." This same principle was accepted by the United States as being "ancient
Birthright
Supply-chain security program
Terrorism (C-TPAT or CTPAT) is a voluntary supply-chain security program led by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) focused on improving the security
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism
Customs-Trade_Partnership_Against_Terrorism
US EPA program and certification
ENERGY STAR) is an energy-efficiency program established in 1992. It is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in partnership with
Energy_Star
Practice of protecting the natural environment
environmental impact of human activity, so protection measures are occasionally debated. In industrial countries, voluntary environmental agreements often provide
Environmental_protection
Voluntary program of the US Environmental Protection Agency
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that supports the organizational procurement of green
Green_Power_Partnership
Right under international law of a sovereign state to take action to protect its citizens
In international law, diplomatic protection (or diplomatic espousal) is a means for a state to take diplomatic and other action against another state on
Diplomatic_protection
Retirement fund
instance, in Estonia, Germany and Norway). The third tier consists of voluntary contributions in various different forms, including occupational or private
Pension
Person in a country not having citizenship
§ 1481 ("Loss of nationality by native-born or naturalized citizen; voluntary action; burden of proof; presumptions") Rosenberg, Michael; Rich, Mark
Alien_(law)
CIS technical standards
certification programs throughout the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the GOST standards cover energy, oil and gas, environmental protection, construction
GOST
Set of social responsibility initiatives by the gambling industry
regulators to establish safety standards. Consumer protection measures include player education and voluntary intervention options, such as spend limits and
Responsible_gambling
Status held by an entity as determined by the law
Law Journal. 106: 2313. See, e.g., Recognition of unmarried cohabitation as a legal status worthy of protection, 1 N.C. Family Law Practice § 1:5 v t e
Legal_status
US Navy usage of dolphins and sealions
perform tasks such as ship and harbor protection, mine detection and clearance, and equipment recovery. The program is based in San Diego, California, where
United States Navy Marine Mammal Program
United_States_Navy_Marine_Mammal_Program
US border crossing scheme
Border Protection (CBP) program that provides expedited clearance for pre-approved travelers at United States ports of entry. Participants in the program undergo
SENTRI
Retirement age by country and region "Social Security Programs Throughout the World". ssa.gov. "Social protection in older age | Pension watch". pension-watch
Pension_systems_by_country
2025 resignation offer to US civil servants
service job protections for positions considered "policy-related". In the first week of Trump's administration, rapid changes to federal programs and reassignments
2025 U.S. federal deferred resignation program
2025_U.S._federal_deferred_resignation_program
New car assessment program in India
years of implementation, new cars sold in India will need to comply with voluntary star ratings based on crash safety performance tests. Crucial safety features
Bharat_NCAP
Government ministry of India
nutrition program for adolescent girls), the establishment of the Commission for Protection of Child Rights, and the enactment of the Protection of Women
Ministry of Women and Child Development
Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development
U.S. government cryptographic standard
of voluntary industry standards bodies and other assessment regimes. The FIPS 140-2 standard is an information technology security approval program for
FIPS_140-2
"father of Iran's nuclear program" Mehdi Sarram, nuclear scientist List of Iranian nuclear negotiators Nuclear Security & Protection Corps Uranium is considered
Nuclear_program_of_Iran
American bank
businesses. The Federal Reserve Board and California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) on July 1, 2024, stated that its joint investigation
Silvergate_Bank
Natives of foreign nations during conflicts
Diplomatic protection Expatriate Foreign worker Illegal Immigrant investor programs Integration Law Permanent residency Refugee Right to homeland Voluntary return
Enemy_alien
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiative
in products with the Safer Choice label. Safer Choice is a voluntary partnership program that is grounded in more than 40 years of EPA experience in
EPA_Safer_Choice
Natural areas program in the United States
States Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. The program aims to encourage and support voluntary preservation of sites that illustrate the geological
National_Natural_Landmark
Management of personal data across media
against organizations. The Commissioner works to resolve problems through voluntary compliance, rather than heavy-handed enforcement. The Commissioner investigates
Privacy_policy
American standards development organization
is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel
American National Standards Institute
American_National_Standards_Institute
US Department of Human Services program
matching grant program to provide funding for its affiliate voluntary agencies. These voluntary agencies are then expected to operate the program through their
Office of Refugee Resettlement
Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement
Legal process recording publication of a work
(ed.). Copyright Throughout the World (December 2009 ed.). "Copyright Voluntary Notification – The Official Portal of Intellectual Property Corporation
Copyright_registration
Voluntary work development program in California
state cabinet-level California Resources Agency. The CCC is a voluntary work development program specifically for men and women between the ages of 18 and
California_Conservation_Corps
"Total", "Government/compulsory", and "Voluntary". OECD (June 27, 2013). "OECD Health Data: Social protection". OECD Health Statistics (Database). Paris:
List of countries by health insurance coverage
List_of_countries_by_health_insurance_coverage
Mass surveillance program run by the NSA
accounts or identifiers. If the government has a broader voluntary national security program to gather customer data, we don't participate in it." Yahoo
PRISM
Examination required to become a citizen
do a face-to-face interview with an Australian Immigration and Border Protection officer. The German citizenship test is required of German nationality
Citizenship_test
Political concept
Diplomatic protection Expatriate Foreign worker Illegal Immigrant investor programs Integration Law Permanent residency Refugee Right to homeland Voluntary return
Transnational_citizenship
Confiscation of personal documents to prevent refugees from returning
Diplomatic protection Expatriate Foreign worker Illegal Immigrant investor programs Integration Law Permanent residency Refugee Right to homeland Voluntary return
Identity_cleansing
U.S. ultra-low-cost airline (1964–2026)
independent but weakened financially. Spirit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in November 2024 and briefly emerged from restructuring in early 2025
Spirit_Airlines
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program
WaterSense is a program sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), designed to encourage water efficiency in the United States through
EPA_WaterSense
Mexican social welfare institution
one (funded by individual, employer and state contributions), and a "voluntary" one (aimed at workers in household industries and self-employed professionals)
Mexican Social Security Institute
Mexican_Social_Security_Institute
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
After volunteer editors argued that the decision was made hastily, Wales voluntarily gave up some powers he had held up as part of his co-founder status.
Wikipedia
violations. The program also extends anti-retaliation protections for whistleblowers who file claims. Whistleblowers who voluntarily report Commodity
CFTC_Whistleblower_Program
Standard for certifying carbon emissions reductions
a program of choice for most of the forest credits in the voluntary market, and almost all REDD+ projects. The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon
Verified_Carbon_Standard
Socioeconomic integration into society
standardized integration program – the "Integration Year Act [de]" – for those entitled to asylum, those entitled to subsidiary protection and asylum seekers
Integration_of_immigrants
health insurance rate review program in order to protect consumers from unreasonable rate increases. Through this program, proposed premium increases in
Affordable Care Act Health Insurance Rate Review Program
Affordable_Care_Act_Health_Insurance_Rate_Review_Program
Service of the UK government
makes provision for witness protection services. United States Federal Witness Protection Program Irish Witness Protection "Covid: The never-ending lockdown
UK_Protected_Persons_Service
Legal membership in a country
of the community, the right to vote, and the right to receive certain protection from the community, as well as obligations." The liberal-individualist
Citizenship
The American Heritage Rivers Protection Program was authorized by Executive Order 13061 during the Clinton Administration on September 11, 1997. The initiative
American Heritage Rivers Protection Program
American_Heritage_Rivers_Protection_Program
American social networking service
had joined a voluntary program under the European Union's to fight disinformation in June 2022, Musk pulled the company out of the program in May 2023
X_(social_network)
Program of the US government
Commerce. Participation is voluntary and 34 states and territories participate. States and territories agree to develop state programs that uphold the requirements
National Coastal Zone Management Program
National_Coastal_Zone_Management_Program
Aircraft digital message communication system
floor event”, which was activated when the Airbus A340-600's envelope protection system activated to override the pilots to prevent the plane from stalling
ACARS
Indian national identification number
Aadhaar is a twelve-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India based on their place of residence, biometrics
Aadhaar
Individuals resident in Latvia who have the right to a Latvian non-citizen passport
persons as they are regarded as Latvian nationals and are under full protection of the state in Latvia and abroad". This is further backed by the Latvian
Non-citizens_(Latvia)
Protection of citizens from disasters and military attack
different civil protection services when mutual assistance is needed (police, fire service, healthcare service, public utility provider, voluntary agencies)
Civil_defense
1930s programs of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt
based on voluntary unemployment. Additionally, Cole and Ohanian's argument does not count workers employed through New Deal programs. Such programs built
New_Deal
National savings program government corporation in the Philippines
least 18 years old but not more than 65 years old under their voluntary membership program, developed house and or family home are assessed but not valued
Pag-IBIG_Fund
Car safety assessment programme
Programme (Euro NCAP) is a European voluntary car safety performance assessment programme (i.e. a New Car Assessment Program) based in Leuven, Belgium. Formed
Euro_NCAP
Assessment framework and assessor certification program
successfully assessed a client as part of the Joint Surveillance Voluntary Assessment Program (JSVAP) assessment. On December 26, 2023, the Department of Defense
Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification
Cybersecurity_Maturity_Model_Certification
Carbon dioxide reduction scheme
Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM). January 2024. "How we assess carbon-crediting programs". Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market
Carbon_offsets_and_credits
Legal issues regarding the collection and dissemination of data
program addresses this issue in the following way: rather than a blanket law imposed on all organizations in the United States, a voluntary program is
Information_privacy
Human right
Diplomatic protection Expatriate Foreign worker Illegal Immigrant investor programs Integration Law Permanent residency Refugee Right to homeland Voluntary return
Right_to_homeland
Entity that is not part of the government
UN Department of Global Communications, an NGO is "a not-for profit, voluntary citizen's group that is organized on a local, national or international
Non-governmental_organization
Oath taken by immigrants for naturalization
the Constitution, the laws of Belgium, and to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.” Portuguese version: Declaro
Oath_of_citizenship
Organization (FAO) The American Council for Voluntary International Action (InterAction) the International Council for Voluntary Agencies (ICVA) the Representative
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
Inter-Agency_Standing_Committee
Professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment
shortened to pro bono, is a Latin phrase for professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment. The term traditionally referred to provision of
Pro_bono
Part of the Housing Act of 1937 (US)
assistance used Section 8 vouchers. While landlord participation in the program is voluntary in most areas, some states and municipalities have enacted laws that
Section_8_(housing)
Legal meanings of place of birth concepts
Diplomatic protection Expatriate Foreign worker Illegal Immigrant investor programs Integration Law Permanent residency Refugee Right to homeland Voluntary return
Place_of_birth
American-New Zealand professor in management
evaluation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 33/50, Climate Wise and Project XL voluntary environmental programs at George Washington University
Eva_Collins_(academic)
System for recording US border crossings
Immigration Advisory Program Passenger name record "APIS: Advance Passenger Information System". U.S. Customs and Border Protection. May 17, 2018. Retrieved
Advance Passenger Information System
Advance_Passenger_Information_System
pressured into telling officers "what they wanted to hear" and signing voluntary removal papers out of fear of being imprisoned, which he was worried would
Deportations of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration
Deportations_of_U.S._citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration
Entry into a country without any legal right
immigrants from Mexico in the US, which found that 79% would voluntarily join a temporary worker program that allowed them to work legally for several years but
Illegal_immigration
Mayor of New York City since January 2026
debt relief for taxi medallion owners, stronger rent control, tenant protections, and a Social Housing Development Agency to build 200,000 affordable
Zohran_Mamdani
The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial
History of radiation protection
History_of_radiation_protection
2026 missing person case in Arizona, US
conditions inside the home were "very concerning" and inconsistent with a voluntary disappearance. Law enforcement later stated that search activity was paused
Disappearance of Nancy Guthrie
Disappearance_of_Nancy_Guthrie
German government program
between the old-established juvenile volunteer services voluntary social year or the voluntary ecological year, which are open for persons until the age
Federal_Volunteers_Service
Designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task
administers the Accreditation in Public Relations (APR), a voluntary certification program for public relations practitioners. The Building Owners and
Professional_certification
Return of a thing or person to their country
seekers and illegal migrants, repatriation can mean either voluntary return or deportation. Voluntary return is the return of eligible persons, such as refugees
Repatriation
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Irish, Teutonic
Protecting Hands; Decision Protector
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French, German, Scandinavian, Teutonic
Divine Protection; God Protector
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Protection; Protector
Boy/Male
Biblical
Paternity; voluntary.
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Finnish, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Counselor; Protector; Guards Wisely; Protecting Hands; Wise Protector
Girl/Female
Danish, Finnish, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
Helmet; Protection; Will-helmet; Resolute Protector
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Polish, Teutonic
Counselor; Protector; Wise Protector; Protecting Hands
Boy/Male
Biblical
Free and voluntary gift; prince.
Girl/Female
American, German
Determined Protector; Will; Desire and Helmet; Protection
Girl/Female
American, Christian, German, Hindu, Indian, Spanish, Tamil
Protector; Protecting Hands; Wise Guardian
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Polish, Shakespearean, Swedish
Wealthy Defender; Prosperous Protection; Rich Protector; Protector of Prosperity
Boy/Male
American, British, Danish, English, French, German, Scandinavian, Teutonic
Divine Protector; God's Protection
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil
Protector; Protection; Guarded; Secure; Saved; Military Protection
Boy/Male
American, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin
God-helmet; Protector; Descendant; Amiable; Protection
Biblical
free and voluntary gift; prince
Biblical
paternity; voluntary
Boy/Male
Afghan, American, Arabic, British, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Hindu, Indian, Malaysian, Muslim, Polish, Scandinavian
Servant of God; Divine Protector; God's Protection; Divine Protection
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Netherlands, Polish, Romanian, Sindhi, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil, Teutonic
Advice; Decision; Decision and Protector; Wise Guardian; Counsel Protection; Might Protector
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Swedish
Protective; Will-helmet; Protection; Protect
Boy/Male
Australian, Christian, Danish, French, German, Norse, Norwegian, Swedish, Teutonic
Victory; Protection; Victorious Defender; Victory Protector; Protector of Victory
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
Boy/Male
Latin Russian
Light.
Girl/Female
Hebrew American English
Gift from God.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Respectable Person; Goddess Saraswati
Male
Italian
Italian form of Roman Latin Attilius, possibly ATTILIO means "father."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Spanish
Defender of Mankind; Similar to Alexandra
Boy/Male
Arabic, Mexican, Muslim, Portuguese
Well Wisher
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Intelligent
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Lotus
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Discipline in Nature and Good Luck
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY PROTECTION-PROGRAM
a.
Affording protection; sheltering; defensive.
n.
A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate.
n.
The act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection.
v. t.
Of or pertaining to voluntaryism; as, a voluntary church, in distinction from an established or state church.
n.
A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade.
a.
Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission.
a.
Involuntary.
n.
The act or process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the prosecution of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the prosecution of war.
a.
Spontaneous; voluntary.
a.
Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.
adv.
By way of protection; in a protective manner.
v. t.
Endowed with the power of willing; as, man is a voluntary agent.
n.
One who, or that which, guards; garrison; defender; protector; means of guarding; defense; protection.
adv.
In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly.
v. t.
Of or pertaining to the will; subject to, or regulated by, the will; as, the voluntary motions of an animal, such as the movements of the leg or arm (in distinction from involuntary motions, such as the movements of the heart); the voluntary muscle fibers, which are the agents in voluntary motion.
n.
The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness.
adv.
In a voluntary manner; of one's own will; spontaneously.
pl.
of Voluntary
v. t.
Done by design or intention; intentional; purposed; intended; not accidental; as, if a man kills another by lopping a tree, it is not voluntary manslaughter.
n.
The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.