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Military concept
Unit cohesion is a military concept, defined by one former United States Chief of staff in the early 1980s as "the bonding together of soldiers in such
Unit_cohesion
Bonding between members of a group
of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole. Although cohesion is a multi-faceted process, it can be broken down into four main components:
Group_cohesiveness
Basic deployable unit of maneuver in the U.S. Army
at their assignment for three years to boost readiness and improve unit cohesion. The Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT), as of 2014, contains 4,413
Brigade_Combat_Team
Military formation consisting of convicts mobilized for military service
up a Strafbataillon often required harsh measures to be imposed for unit cohesion to be maintained. Strafbataillone were often ordered to undertake high
Penal_military_unit
American military unit concept
Unit cohesion in the United States military has been the subject of dispute and political debate since World War II as the United States military has
Unit cohesion in the United States military
Unit_cohesion_in_the_United_States_military
Degree to which elements within a module belong together
tightly coupled to other modules. Thus cohesion is balanced with both unit complexity and coupling. Cohesion is a qualitative measure, meaning that the
Cohesion_(computer_science)
Smallest unit of soldiers in the Roman Army
servants. Hall, Joshua R.; Rawlings, Louis; Lee, Geoff (2023-03-24). Unit Cohesion and Warfare in the Ancient World: Military and Social Approaches. Taylor
Contubernium (Roman army unit)
Contubernium_(Roman_army_unit)
1994–2011 US military LGBTQ policy
risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are the essence of military capability". The act prohibited any
Don't_ask,_don't_tell
Panicked, disorderly retreat of troops from a battlefield
troops from a battlefield, following a collapse in a given unit's command authority, unit cohesion and combat morale (esprit de corps). Off they went, one
Rout
Former Soviet Union elite military units
counterparts in other units. Such rewards of Guards status meant that it often acted as a morale booster and increased unit cohesion, with soldiers writing
Guards_unit_(Soviet_Union)
Military assignment system
staffing of the unit by lock-on, a date when a unit has received full staffing with deployable Marines. Synchronized unit cohesion units receive staffing
Unit_Deployment_Program
Topics referred to by the same term
free dictionary. Esprit de corps is a French phrase roughly meaning unit cohesion or morale. Esprit de corps may also refer to: Esprit de Corps (magazine)
Esprit de corps (disambiguation)
Esprit_de_corps_(disambiguation)
United States Army training course
members of a Combined Arms Task Force; to build unit cohesion and increase the confidence of the unit's leadership. This is executed through training from
Sapper_Leader_Course
Formal military ceremony
with peacetime and battlefield military drills introduced to enhance unit cohesion and effectiveness in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Guard mounting
Guard_mounting
Vietnam War-era song and cadence
mid-19th century, military cadences have been for improving morale, unit cohesion, and the weight of military labor. Carol Burke, a professor at the USNA
Napalm_Sticks_to_Kids
Retired Indian Army officer
his Sikh troops against khalisthani militants and worked to maintain unit cohesion and local support. Bakshi was awarded the Vishisht Seva Medal for commanding
G._D._Bakshi
US federal law ending military LGBTQ policy
consistent with the standards of military readiness and effectiveness, unit cohesion, and military recruiting and retention. DADT was controversial from
Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
Don't_Ask,_Don't_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010
military service because the presence of homosexuals in the ranks weakens unit cohesion." Pence opposed the repeal of "don't ask, don't tell", saying in 2010
Political positions of Mike Pence
Political_positions_of_Mike_Pence
(Greenwood Press, 1994) Ecker, Richard E. (2005), Korean Battle Chronology: Unit-by-Unit United States Casualty Figures and Medal of Honor Citations, Jefferson
List of books about the Korean War
List_of_books_about_the_Korean_War
American military term for newcomers
individual replacement system was having catastrophic consequences on unit cohesion. Dr. Douglas R. Bey published "Group dynamics and the 'F.N.G.' in Vietnam—a
FNG_syndrome
Person who carries a flag
follow and stay close to the standard or flag in order to maintain unit cohesion, and for a single commander to easily position his troops by only positioning
Standard-bearer
Marching step involving rigid, straight legs
or even to calf height. The lower goose step improves balance and unit cohesion at the tempo of a quick march. Flagbearers and honour guards will frequently
Goose_step
Suggested cognitive limit important in sociology and anthropology
data to support or refute policies related to maintaining or improving unit cohesion and morale. A recent study has suggested that Dunbar's number is applicable
Dunbar's_number
Capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal
science, there are two meanings to morale: individual perseverance and unit cohesion. Morale is often highly dependent on soldier effectiveness, health,
Morale
Social policy term in the United Kingdom
Community cohesion is a conceptual framework for social policy in the United Kingdom which attempts to measure the social relationships within a community
Community_cohesion
Dutch historian
479 BC. Phoibos. 2022. "The eager amateur: unit cohesion and the Athenian hoplite phalanx", in Unit Cohesion in the Ancient World. Routledge. 2022. (ed
Roel_Konijnendijk
Military unit
commanders/sergeants information IOT make informed team building decisions, (3) Foster unit cohesion and esprit de corps, and (4) Identify and train support Marines as combat
Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company
Air_Naval_Gunfire_Liaison_Company
Use of armoured fighting vehicles in war
Six-Day War (1967), Israeli armoured units typically had the advantage, mainly due to good tactics and unit cohesion. Conversely, the Yom Kippur War (1973)
Armoured_warfare
Non-commissioned officer rank
premises inhabited by the unit. They are also responsible for maintaining the general order, discipline and unit cohesion. The company's vääpeli is the
Feldwebel
Major and largest sub-formation within a military service branch
command Command and control Military organization Tactical formation Unit cohesion United States Department of Defense, Department of Defense Dictionary
Command_(military_formation)
Ancient Roman military punishment killing a tenth of a unit
2015.0014. ISSN 2327-5812. Pearson, Elizabeth (2019). "Decimation and unit cohesion: why were Roman legionaries willing to perform decimation?". Journal
Decimation_(punishment)
Behavioral disorder due to war trauma
treatment for the Italian invasion of September 1943. The importance of unit cohesion and membership of a group as a protective factor emerged. John Appel
Combat_stress_reaction
Military tactic in which retreating forces maintain contact with the enemy
which a military force disengages from the enemy while maintaining unit cohesion, discipline, and command-and-control. The objective is to avoid the
Withdrawal_(military)
Confederate infantry assault during the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War
came within 400 yards of the Union line. At this point Confederate unit cohesion and morale began to break down. The last shelter before reaching the
Pickett's_Charge
of 0.0015% of total available labor-years due to recuperation, and unit cohesion was determined to be minimally affected. The RAND study focused on the
Transgender personnel in the United States military
Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military
Army of Revolutionary France
untrained troops could not perform the complex maneuvers required, unit cohesion was lost and defeat was ensured. Realizing that the army was not capable
French_Revolutionary_Army
Canadian military retail exchange service
unit cohesion. CANEX operates merchandising operations (retail outlets) and provides CF members with Advantage Programs at CF bases, wings, and units
CANEX
US Marine Corps designation for a Marine expeditionary unit
Intermediate Training Phase. The purpose of this phase is to build unit cohesion and leadership, and emphasis on functioning as a team. A string of exercises
Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable)
Marine_expeditionary_unit_(special_operations_capable)
All-women Soviet aviation unit
Retrieved March 3, 2018. Bhuvasorakul, Jessica Leigh (March 25, 2004). "Unit Cohesion Among the Three Soviet Women's Air Regiments During World War II" (PDF)
Night_Witches
1864 battle of the American Civil War
crowded into a narrow front about a half mile wide and soon lost all unit cohesion, becoming little more than an armed mob. Following the initial shock
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House
World War II battle, 1944–1945
Heydte's own unit, the 6th Parachute Regiment, went against orders and joined him. They had little time to establish any unit cohesion or train together
Battle_of_the_Bulge
Attraction between people of the same sex or gender
sexual orientation is relevant to military effectiveness including unit cohesion, morale, recruitment and retention. Societal acceptance of non-heterosexual
Homosexuality
Regional policy of the EU
The Regional Policy of the European Union (EU), also referred as Cohesion Policy, is a policy with the stated aim of improving the economic well-being
Regional policy of the European Union
Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union
U.S. Army's provider of contracting services
Mikhael (July 31, 2014). "Military customs and traditions inspire unit cohesion". army.mil. Archived from the original on 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2026-04-21
United States Army Contracting Command
United_States_Army_Contracting_Command
6th-century Byzantine general
personally train his units, which would make his campaign in Africa more difficult. This was in contrast to his campaign in the east; unit cohesion was especially
Belisarius
2025 executive order signed by Donald Trump
government to "establish high standards for troop readiness, lethality, cohesion, honesty, humility, uniformity, and integrity" Within 60 days, the United
Executive_Order_14183
1864 series of battles in Virginia during the American Civil War
disbanded and their survivors reallocated to other corps, which damaged unit cohesion and morale. Because he was operating on the offensive in enemy territory
Overland_Campaign
Women participating in military activities
found between all-male and gender-integrated groups". Unit cohesion was lower in mixed-gender units. Many female soldiers reported that the way they are
Women_in_the_military
World War II tank battle between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army from 23 to 30 June 1941
prior to the attack on the Soviet Union, and while some reduction in unit cohesion and effectiveness was caused by the doubling of the number of panzer
Battle_of_Brody_(1941)
divisions among armed forces officials who wonder whether social comfort or unit cohesion, as well as combat efficiency, is more important to the U.S. Army. The
Army Equal Opportunity Program
Army_Equal_Opportunity_Program
Canadian Forces has not led to any change in military performance, unit cohesion, or discipline. Self-identified gay, lesbian, and transsexual members
Sexual orientation and military service by country
Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country
1945-1947 reduction of U.S. military headcount from 12.2 million to 1.5 million
and 46 percent for officers in 40 days. This impacted efficiency and unit cohesion. The demobilization proceeded rapidly. Assembly areas to accommodate
Demobilization of United States Armed Forces after World War II
Demobilization_of_United_States_Armed_Forces_after_World_War_II
Sexual attraction to more than one gender
between experienced and novice soldiers would solidify combat loyalty and unit cohesion, and encourage heroic tactics as men vied to impress their lovers. Once
Bisexuality
Battle of the American Civil War
into a compressed front, delaying their movements and reducing their unit cohesion. Walthall's division was pressured so much from the right that it temporarily
Battle_of_Franklin
Kamikaze Force in World War II (1958) Bhuvasorakul, Jessica Leigh. "Unit Cohesion Among the Three Soviet Women's Air Regiments During World War II." (2004)
Air_warfare_of_World_War_II
Role of women in military combat
contend that women are physically weaker, that integration will harm unit cohesion, and that leaders will lower standards to be "politically correct,"
Women_in_combat
1950s US Army program to reorganize troop rotation in Europe
Europe. It aimed to increase retention rates by boosting morale and unit cohesion, with the added incentive of improving military family stability by
Operation_Gyroscope
enlist them." This policy was designed to set a higher standard of unit cohesion for Marines so that they would remain loyal, maintain shipboard discipline
Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces
Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States_Armed_Forces
Christian states in the Levant, 1098–1291
element of Frankish armies. Their military expertise and outstanding unit cohesion distinguished them from the Byzantine and Muslim heavy cavalry. Frankish
Crusader_states
American Marine
before a subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee. He said: "Unit cohesion is essential. What my experience proves, they are wrong about how to
Eric_Alva
2002 military offensive against al-Qaeda and the Taliban during the war in Afghanistan
element of surprise. As TF Hammer continued, it suffered from a lack of unit cohesion because of the transportation difficulties. A convoy led by Army Chief
Operation_Anaconda
621 battle in China
endurance and unit cohesion of the waiting Xia by delaying the main action. A Tang cavalry probe at noon developed into a general attack as Xia cohesion collapsed
Battle_of_Hulao
military, there must be cohesion within the unit. It is argued that transgender individuals would have a negative impact on unit cohesion. "The bonds of trust
Transgender people and military service
Transgender_people_and_military_service
transgender individuals to serve in the military has "little or no impact on unit cohesion, operational effectiveness, or readiness" and that medical costs associated
Domestic policy of the first Trump administration
Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration
Trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close and reliant upon for support
assault which could impact job status and contribute to disruptions in unit cohesion, ostracization, inability to leave or transfer duty stations. Evidence
Betrayal_trauma
Military attack from concealed positions
lost, about 10,000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining unit cohesion. This ability to maintain discipline and break out or maneuver away
Ambush
1846 battle of the Mexican–American War
a Mexican cavalry charge. As regiments entered the heavy underbrush unit cohesion broke down, as smaller and smaller groups became visibly separated from
Battle_of_Resaca_de_la_Palma
Initial indoctrination and instruction given to new military personnel
with the purported inferior norms associated with civilian life. (Cf. Unit cohesion) Evidence from Australia, the UK and the U.S. shows that recruit training
Military_recruit_training
Sexual diversity as a symbol of national pride
within the context of military effectiveness, national security, and unit cohesion, which reflect normative and nationalistic standards. The 2016 Pulse
Homonationalism
American politician and United States Army general (1880–1959)
devised by Marshall and implemented by McNair exacerbated problems with unit cohesion and effective transfer of combat experience to new soldiers and officers
George_C._Marshall
World War II military campaign in 1940
During this period, munition shortages limited live fire training, while unit cohesion remained low. By its own standards the Dutch Army in May 1940 was unfit
German invasion of the Netherlands
German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands
largely of tribal units. As a result, both sides' initial plans collapsed and the outcome came down to individual valor and unit cohesion. On the Ottoman
Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)
Ottoman–Persian_War_(1505–1517)
Military operation
or taking aerial photographs. The men had little time to establish unit cohesion or train together. Many of the men assigned to Heydte had never jumped
Operation_Stösser
Group of vehicles traveling together
is organized with armed defensive support and can help maintain cohesion within a unit. It may also be used in a non-military sense, for example when driving
Convoy
military considered homosexuals to be predators who disrupted morale and unit cohesion. Prior to the war, homosexuals were offered re-education and if this
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany
1778 battle of the American Revolutionary War
filled with men picked from numerous regiments. Without any inherent unit cohesion, their effectiveness depended on officers and men who had never before
Battle_of_Monmouth
Lawsuit filed on September 5, 2017
incident or any negative impact upon military readiness, lethality, unit cohesion, or the national defense generally." On October 2, the Plaintiffs filed
Stockman_v._Trump
Cuban army of independence
Cubans. The infantry were taught to stand in line formation to build unit cohesion, and they were taught to march in column for a similar purpose. It should
Cuban_Liberation_Army
of his mercenaries has sometimes been depicted as an example of good unit cohesion created by the commander. Polybius, i. 43, ii. 7 Schmitz, Leonhard (1867)
Himilco (commander of Lilybaeum)
Himilco_(commander_of_Lilybaeum)
Qing dynasty military and police force
numbers of soldiers from numerous existing units rather than using existing units, breaking up unit cohesion and leading to "divisive influence, poor coordination
Green_Standard_Army
Communist Chinese forces during the Korean War
a Party candidate. Group meetings were frequently used to maintain unit cohesion, and within the meetings public shamings and criticisms were conducted
People's_Volunteer_Army
American Revolutionary War militia
of Boston. The frequent mustering of the minute companies also built unit cohesion and familiarity with live firing, which increased the minute companies'
Minutemen
1996 U.S. federal law, repealed in 2022
directly counter to the military values of uniformity, fairness and unit cohesion." The benefits at issue include medical and dental benefits, basic housing
Defense_of_Marriage_Act
Deployment, formation, and manoeuvres of the Roman infantry
000 Romans cut their way through the debacle to safety, maintaining unit cohesion when all around was rout, a testimony to their tactical organization
Roman_infantry_tactics
Act of the State of Indiana
in the ranks weakens unit cohesion" and in 2010 stated that repealing Don't ask, don't tell would "have an impact on unit cohesion." Pence opposed the
Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)
Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act_(Indiana)
Ability to mentally cope with a crisis
cohesion. Units with high cohesion tend to experience a lower rate of psychological breakdowns than units with low cohesion and morale. High cohesion
Psychological_resilience
Tell" policy, and his publications and expert testimony on military unit cohesion were influential in the 1993 and 2010 policy debates about allowing
Robert_MacCoun
Heavy infantry unit of the Byzantine army
shield wall was not only protective but also essential for maintaining unit cohesion under stress, effectively binding individual soldiers into a single
Skoutatoi
Force distributed over an area
pressure. Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the
Pressure
Branch of the Armed Forces of DR Congo
explained, in part, by the successive army integration programs undermining unit cohesion. Several of the integrated brigades organized between 2004 and 2008
Land Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Land_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
United States Army modernization and reorganization plan from 2006 to 2016
basis in which soldiers were rotated without regard for the effect on unit cohesion. This system required unpopular measures such as "stop loss" and "stop
Reorganization plan of United States Army
Reorganization_plan_of_United_States_Army
20th-century Chinese army
was preserved by Zhang in his early years because of its benefits to unit cohesion. As additional divisions based in other Manchurian provinces were absorbed
Northeastern_Army
European Union standard for country subdivisions
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics is instrumental in the European Union's Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund delivery mechanisms and for
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics
1943 German campaign to disarm Italy following its armistice to the Allies during WWII
intervention of the Allied forces helped the Italian units, the majority of whom maintained unit cohesion. The IX Italian Army Corps (General Roberto Lerici)
Operation_Achse
1755 battle of the French and Indian War
Braddock rode forward to try to rally his men, who had lost all sense of unit cohesion. Efforts were made to counterattack, but the inability of Braddock's
Battle_of_the_Monongahela
Part of the Vietnam War (1972)
who moved by the flank to attack the column. ARVN units, with no leadership and all unit cohesion gone, could muster no defense. Meanwhile, to the west
Easter_Offensive
Aspect of Black American history
The policy was formulated to set a higher standard of unit cohesion for Marines, with the unit to be made up of only one race, so that the members would
Military history of African Americans
Military_history_of_African_Americans
2016 video game
Sending out squads of officers with differing political opinions degrades unit cohesion, causing more failures unless groups of officers with similar morals
This_Is_the_Police
Type of infantry for leading attacks
bypassed units to following heavier infantry. The primary goal of these detached units was to infiltrate the enemy's lines and break their cohesion as much
Shock_troops
Non-fiction book about soldier & sailor resistance during the Vietnam War
"combat disobedience" was indeed widespread, resulting "in disintegrating unit cohesion and operational slippages....an excessive number of 'accidental' shootings
Soldiers in Revolt: GI Resistance During the Vietnam War
Soldiers_in_Revolt:_GI_Resistance_During_the_Vietnam_War
UNIT COHESION
UNIT COHESION
Boy/Male
Hindu
Joyful unending, Calmness
Female
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Enid, ENIT means "soul."
Boy/Male
Indian
Who Won Every Time
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Telugu
Holy; Untouched; Good; Pure
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Unni, UNI means "afflicted, depressed."
Girl/Female
Irish English
Together.
Female
Egyptian
, Anahita ("pure, spotless").
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Graceful.
Boy/Male
Indian
Unit of army
Boy/Male
Hindu
Pure or holy
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu
Grown; Awakened; Shining
Female
Hebrew
(×וּרִית) Hebrew name URIT means "fire, light."
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, UNITY means "oneness, unity."
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Unit of army
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Irish
Fair
Boy/Male
Bengali, English, Hindu, Indian
Dark Blue
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Light.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Knower of virtues, Talented, Excellent, Virtuous
Boy/Male
Indian
Progress
Boy/Male
Muslim
Unit of army
UNIT COHESION
UNIT COHESION
Boy/Male
Tamil
Agastya | அகஸà¯à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
Name of a sage
Boy/Male
Hindu
Principle
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lord of Celebration
Boy/Male
Australian, Jamaican
Strong; Fierce
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bindusar | பிஂதூஸர
An excellent Pearl
Girl/Female
African, American, Australian, British, Christian, English
Blend of Cherie and Cerise; Dear One
Girl/Female
Persian Latin French English
Star. Refers to the planet venus. Also myrtle leaf. Also a, the Babylonian goddess of love....
Girl/Female
Australian, Polish
Berry
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
Pleasing Form; Handsome; Charming; Lord Shiva and Vishnu; Beautiful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hollow formed by joining two hands
UNIT COHESION
UNIT COHESION
UNIT COHESION
UNIT COHESION
UNIT COHESION
n.
Any one of numerous species of fresh-water mussels belonging to Unio and many allied genera.
n.
Concord; harmony; conjunction; agreement; uniformity; as, a unity of proofs; unity of doctrine.
n.
A single thing, as a magnitude or number, regarded as an undivided whole.
n.
The number greater than eight by a unit; nine units or objects.
v. t.
To remove the turns of (a rope or cable) from the bits; as, to unbit a cable.
n.
The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects.
imp. & p. p.
of Knit
v. t.
To knit together; to unite closely; to intertwine.
v. t.
To put together so as to make one; to join, as two or more constituents, to form a whole; to combine; to connect; to join; to cause to adhere; as, to unite bricks by mortar; to unite iron bars by welding; to unite two armies.
v. t.
To form, as a textile fabric, by the interlacing of yarn or thread in a series of connected loops, by means of needles, either by hand or by machinery; as, to knit stockings.
n.
The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects.
v. t.
To unite closely; to knit together.
v. t.
To knit or bind together; to unite closely.
v. t.
United; joint; as, unite consent.
v. i.
To be united closely; to grow together; as, broken bones will in time knit and become sound.
n.
Any definite quantity, or aggregate of quantities or magnitudes taken as one, or for which 1 is made to stand in calculation; thus, in a table of natural sines, the radius of the circle is regarded as unity.
v. t.
To unite.
n.
The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects.
a.
Of or pertaining to a unit or units; relating to unity; as, the unitary method in arithmetic.
v. t.
To unite closely; to connect; to engage; as, hearts knit together in love.