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Type of human genetic study conducted on twins
Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins. They aim to reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for traits
Twin_study
One of two offspring produced by the same pregnancy
twin Gemini (astrology) List of multiple births List of twins Litter (animal) Look-alike Mixed twins Multiple birth Superfecundation Twin study Twin towns
Twin
Research dataset
Louisville Twin Study is a longitudinal twin study which was started in 1957 at the University of Louisville by Frank Falkner. It started with 885 twins that
Louisville_Twin_Study
Bipolar Twin Study is an ongoing twin study of bipolar disorder running at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London since 2003. The study is investigating
Maudsley_Bipolar_Twin_Study
Series of human experiments in Nazi Germany
and anthropology, conducted a large twin study at Auschwitz. According to Paul Weindling, records show that 582 twins were gathered by Mengele for research
Nazi_human_experimentation
Percent of variation in IQ scores in a given population associated with genetic variation
results, with estimates of heritability lower than those derived from twin studies, causing what is known as the "missing heritability problem". Although
Heritability_of_IQ
contribute to the development of autism. Numerous studies, including twin studies and family studies, have estimated the heritability of autism to be around
Heritability_of_autism
Twin study conducted at the University of Minnesota
Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) is a series of behavioral genetic longitudinal studies of families with twin or adoptive offspring
Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research
Minnesota_Center_for_Twin_and_Family_Research
Study of genetic-environment interactions influencing behaviour
inheritance of behaviour and mental illness in humans (typically using twin and family studies), as well as research on genetically informative model organisms
Behavioural_genetics
Long-standing debate in biology and society
Wellbeing and Sleep Problems: A Bivariate Twin Study". Twin Research and Human Genetics. 8 (5): 440–449. doi:10.1375/twin.8.5.440. PMID 16212833. Nes, R. B.;
Nature_versus_nurture
Unequal blood supply among multiple fetuses in the womb leading to deformity
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), also known as feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS), twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) and
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Twin-to-twin_transfusion_syndrome
Medical condition
source of abnormal cells. In one study, Boklage reported of 325 twin pregnancies, finding that only 61 ended as twins, with 125 ending as singletons; the
Vanishing_twin
Ongoing longitudinal twin study
The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study based at King's College London. The main goal of TEDS is to use behavioural
Twins_Early_Development_Study
British epidemiologist
epidemiology, the study of genetic factors in health and disease, in 1992. Spector is professor of genetic epidemiology and director of the TwinsUK registry
Tim_Spector
American documentary TV series
Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment is a 2024 American documentary series set for streaming on Netflix. It is based on an 8-week study conducted by Stanford
You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment
You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment
Estimation of effect of genetic variation on phenotypic variation of a trait
particularly in selective breeding and behavior genetics (for instance, twin studies). It is the source of much confusion because its technical definition
Heritability
American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (1913–2008)
comparisons with notorious twin experiments by the same Nazi regime that Neubauer had escaped. Some of the subjects of Neubauer's twin study have sought records
Peter_B._Neubauer
American drama television series (1990–91, 2017)
Twin Peaks is an American surrealist mystery horror drama television series created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. It premiered on ABC on April 8, 1990
Twin_Peaks
Field that examines the role of genetic and environmental influences on human behaviour
Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) was initiated in gerontological genetics. The research was executed on Twins Reared Apart (TRA) and Twins Reared Together
Human_behaviour_genetics
Personality disorder involving excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
sociability.[medical citation needed] Twin studies have aided in breaking down the nature versus nurture debate. A twin study conducted by the Department of
Histrionic personality disorder
Histrionic_personality_disorder
2007 memoir by reunited identical twins
nurture" twin study. They were adopted by separate families in the New York area who were unaware that each girl had a twin sister. Soon after the twins reunited
Identical_Strangers
2018 documentary film directed by Tim Wardle
the film, the siblings ask if perhaps they and other sets of twins involved in the study were chosen because their parents reported signs of mental illness
Three_Identical_Strangers
Twin study
Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment was a purported twin study ordered by Gustav III to study the health effects of coffee. The authenticity of the
Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment
Gustav_III_of_Sweden's_coffee_experiment
American psychologist (born 1951)
geneticist, specializing in the study of twins. She is the professor of developmental psychology and director of the Twin Studies Center, at California State
Nancy_Segal
American nonprofit organization
the notorious Nazi twin study by the same Nazi regime that Neubauer himself had escaped, while others have opined that the study was ethically defensible
Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services
Jewish_Board_of_Family_and_Children's_Services
Study of genetic basis of political behavior and attitudes
behavior geneticists began using twin studies in the 1980s to study variation in social attitudes, and these studies suggested that both genes and environment
Genopolitics
Type of research study used in behavioral genetics
on behavior. These studies are one of the classic research methods of behavioral genetics. The method is used alongside twin studies to identify the roles
Adoption_study
Twin Peaks is an American surrealist mystery horror drama television series created by David Lynch and Mark Frost whose pilot was first released in September
List_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes
Unpleasant emotion
with twin studies suggesting 30–40% genetic influence on individual differences in anxiety. Environmental factors are also important. Twin studies show
Anxiety
Personality disorder involving excess dependence on others
a link between DPD and a family history of anxiety disorders. A 2004 twin study reported a heritability estimate of 0.81 for personality disorders collectively
Dependent personality disorder
Dependent_personality_disorder
Scientific organization
The International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) is an international, non-profit scientific organization. The aim of the society is to advance research
International Society for Twin Studies
International_Society_for_Twin_Studies
American mountaineer
expression study, they will be the lead subjects in the Everest Twin Study. Modeled after the Mason Lab's recent ground-breaking NASA Twin Study, Moniz and
Matt_Moniz
certain alleles relevant to steroidogenesis. In 2013, a twin study combined a survey of pairs of twins where one or both had undergone, or had plans and medical
Causes_of_gender_incongruence
Enlargement or overgrowth of a muscle organ
for a substantial portion of the variance in existing muscle mass. A twin study estimated that about 53% of the variance in lean body mass is heritable
Muscle_hypertrophy
Research project of the health effects of being in space long term
of the mission, the NASA Twins Study was conducted. Astronaut Scott Kelly was selected for the mission with his identical twin, Mark Kelly, who stayed
ISS_year-long_mission
2017 season of television series
surrealist mystery horror drama television series Twin Peaks, billed as Twin Peaks: The Return and Twin Peaks: A Limited Event Series, premiered on May
Twin_Peaks_season_3
Intense physical sensation of sexual release
as males have nipples that serve no fitness-related function". A 2005 twin study found that one in three women reported never or seldom achieving orgasm
Orgasm
Psychological construct
of Social Anxiety-related Concerns and Personality Characteristics: a Twin Study". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 190 (4): 219–224. doi:10
Fear_of_negative_evaluation
Medical issues associated with spaceflight
results from the Astronaut Twin Study, where one astronaut spent a year in space on the International Space Station, while their twin spent the year on Earth
Effect of spaceflight on the human body
Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body
British adventurers
the twins have supported spinal research charities. During their expeditions, the twins support and actively take part in medical research studies at King's
The_Turner_Twins
Love focused on feelings
genetic influence is the twin study, which compares identical twins (monozygotic, who are genetically identical) and fraternal twins (dizygotic, who are only
Romance
Personality disorder involving orderliness
relevance and impact of genetic factors vary with studies placing it somewhere between 27% and 78%. A twin study on the influence of genetics on the development
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
Obsessive–compulsive_personality_disorder
Similar-age unrelated children brought up together
Virtual Twin Study (FVTS) at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). Segal, N. L.; McGuire, S. A.; Stohs, J. H. (2012). "What Virtual Twins Reveal
Virtual_twin
of twins can improve the statistical power of a genetic study by reducing the amount of genetic and/or environmental variability. "Identical twins" (monozygotic
Twin_registry
Persistent pattern of behavior reflecting disregard and lack of empathy for others
traits seem to cause antisocial behavior even without external hardships. Twin studies have found CU traits to be highly heritable, and not significantly related
Callous and unemotional traits
Callous_and_unemotional_traits
British psychiatrist and geneticist (1949–2024)
Frühling V.; Sham, Pak C.; Murray, Robin M.; McGuffin, Peter (2002). "A Twin Study of Genetic Relationships Between Psychotic Symptoms". American Journal
Peter_McGuffin
studies – studies that use scientific data and attempt to correlate it with actual human behavior. Examples include twin studies and adoption studies
Genetics_of_aggression
Autoimmune endocrine disease
confer an increased risk of thyroid antibodies: evidence from a Danish twin study". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 146 (1): 32–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249
Graves'_disease
Personality disorder
A twin study found that BPD ranks as the third most heritable among ten surveyed personality disorders. Research involving twin and sibling studies has
Borderline personality disorder
Borderline_personality_disorder
Physiological and psychological changes in preparation for sexual intercourse
difference is biological in nature or influenced by sociocultural values. One twin-study has found evidence for the heritability of both factors of SIS, but research
Sexual_arousal
Hypothesized effect of socioeconomic status on the heritability of IQ
first proposed by Sandra Scarr, who found support for it in a 1971 study of twins in Philadelphia, and these results were replicated by David C. Rowe
Scarr–Rowe_effect
American psychologist and behavioral geneticist (1933–1986)
Pediatrics at the University of Louisville and director of the Louisville Twin Study, as well as president of the Behavior Genetics Association. He joined
Ronald_S._Wilson
Inability to focus on distant objects
for any single cause, although many theories have been discredited. Twin studies indicate that at least some genetic factors are involved. Myopia has
Myopia
Pattern of romantic/sexual attraction based on sex/gender
development of sexual orientation. A twin study from 2001 appears to exclude genes as a major factor, while a twin study from 2010 found that homosexuality
Sexual_orientation
Field of sexual orientation research
gonads) which have an identical twin concordance around 25%, despite twins sharing genes and prenatal environments. Twin studies have found that the shared
Biology and sexual orientation
Biology_and_sexual_orientation
Statistical model
is a statistical model commonly used to analyze the results of twin and adoption studies. This classic behaviour genetic model aims to partition the phenotypic
ACE_model
Medical condition
Conjoined twins, popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are twins joined in utero. It is a very rare phenomenon, estimated to occur in anywhere between
Conjoined_twins
Neurological condition involving the crossing of senses
architecture of synaesthesia and its association with the autism spectrum—a twin study". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 290 (2009)
Synesthesia
Psychiatric geneticist
Maudsley–Bethlem register of twin admissions for 16 years. Later he worked on psychiatric genetics and genomics. In his Twin Cities MMPI study, part of his Ph.D
Irving_Gottesman
Statistical method for genetic variance component estimation
robust to violations of the twin study assumptions, SNP data can be easier to collect since it does not require rare twins and thus also heritability for
Genome-wide complex trait analysis
Genome-wide_complex_trait_analysis
Study of the relationship of intelligence and education
influenced the change in grades to age 17 in pairs of twins. Using the Minnesota Twin Family Study, they investigated the genetic and environmental influences
Intelligence_and_education
Digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity
A digital twin is a computational model of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin) that serves as a digital
Digital_twin
Digestive disease of the large intestine
PT (May 28, 2012). "The genetic influence on diverticular disease – a twin study". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 35 (9): 1103–1107. doi:10.1111/j
Diverticulitis
Twin registry based at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden
largest twin registry in the world. It is widely used for medical research, with about thirty active research projects using data from the study as of 2019
Swedish_Twin_Registry
fraternal, twins share on average 50% of their genes. The classic twin study compares monozygotic and dizygotic twins. If the monozygotic twins resemble
Cause of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Cause_of_obsessive–compulsive_disorder
Gathering of twins in Twinsburg, Ohio
and fraternal twins to conduct voluntary twin studies, to determine the genetic or non-genetic basis of a wide range of human traits. Twins are customarily
Twins_Days
Complex of buildings in New York City
Retrieved May 23, 2008. Lipton, Eric (July 22, 2004). "Study Maps the Location of Deaths in the Twin Towers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived
World Trade Center (1973–2001)
World_Trade_Center_(1973–2001)
Array of every physical action and observable emotion associated with humans
can then be compared to human behavior. Twin studies are a common method by which human behavior is studied. Twins with identical genomes can be compared
Human_behavior
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
"Heritability of the big five personality dimensions and their facets: a twin study". Journal of Personality. 64 (3): 577–91. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996
Big_Five_personality_traits
Excessive fear of developing illness
Asmundson GJ (2006). "Genetic and environmental origins of health anxiety: a twin study". World Psychiatry. 5 (1): 47–50. PMC 1472263. PMID 16757996. Scarella
Hypochondriasis
UK adult registry of twins
TwinsUK, also known as TwinsUK Registry, is the biggest UK adult registry of twins in the United Kingdom, ages 16 to 98 to study the genetic and environmental
TwinsUK
German dermatologist
multiple skin diseases and was one of the inventors of the twin study. Siemens' work in twin studies is influential in modern genetics and is used to address
Hermann_Werner_Siemens
Group of endocrine diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels
"A study of diabetes mellitus within a large sample of Australian twins" (PDF). Twin Research and Human Genetics. 11 (1): 28–40. doi:10.1375/twin.11.1
Diabetes
American psychologist
Longitudinal Study, which follows 1037 people born in 1972–73 in Dunedin, New Zealand. She also launched the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, which
Terrie_E._Moffitt
Minnesota research project
pre-adoption environment and age at adoption. Interracial adoption Twin study Eyferth study Heritability of IQ Race and intelligence Scarr, S.; Weinberg, R
Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study
Minnesota_Transracial_Adoption_Study
Personality disorder
"Prediction of alcohol use disorder using personality disorder traits: A twin study". Addiction. 113 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1111/add.13951. PMC 5725242. PMID 28734091
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial_personality_disorder
Correlation between human biology and political tendencies
and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. The similarity of the environment in which twins are reared has been questioned. A twin study in 2005 by Alford et al.
Biology and political orientation
Biology_and_political_orientation
Psychology concept
Genetic, Not Learned: A Multiple-Rater Twin Study on the Causal Structure of General Self-Efficacy in Young People". Twin Research and Human Genetics. 16 (3):
Self-efficacy
American nutrition researcher (born 1959)
2024 Netflix documentary You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment, about his Stanford University twins study. Gardner is an advocate and researcher of plant-based
Christopher_D._Gardner
Mood disorder characterized by emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms
(retrospectively reported) premenstrual symptoms from several twin and family studies done in the 1990s, with the heritability of PMDD proving to be
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder
Non-identical, multiracial twins
Mixed twins are fraternal or non-identical twins born to multiracial families which differ in skin color and other traits considered to be racial features
Mixed_twins
Psychological ethological theory
Fagnani C, Nisticò L, Stazi MA (October 2011). "A Twin Study of Attachment Style in Young Adults: A Twin Study of Adult Attachment Style". Journal of Personality
Attachment_theory
Personality trait of negativity
genetics to add additional differentiation among participants, as well as twin study models. A related trait, behavioral inhibition, or "inhibition to the
Neuroticism
Australian behavior geneticist (born 1950)
collaborative Twin Study. Twin Research, 1, 1–9. Martin, N. G.; Eaves, L. J.; Kearsey, M. J.; Davies, P. (February 1978). "The power of the classical twin study".
Nicholas_G._Martin
British neuroscientist
autistic-like and internalizing traits during childhood: a longitudinal twin study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 809–17. Charman, T., Jones, C.R
Francesca_Happé
Theories on the development of personality
biological children. Twin Studies: Genetics can have an influence on twins with identical twins sharing 100% of their genes and fraternal twins sharing, on average
Personality_development
Prime differing from another prime by two
43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative
Twin_prime
Taiwanese psychiatric geneticist (born 1931)
Michael Lyons to conduct the Harvard Twin Study of Substance Abuse. The study followed 1,874 identical and 1,498 male twin pairs who served in the U.S. military
Ming_T._Tsuang
Finnish human geneticist
Public Health of the University of Helsinki, where he also leads the twin study project. He was director of the Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine
Jaakko_Kaprio
Proto-Indo-European mytheme
Divine Twins are not directly attested by archaeological or written materials, but scholars of comparative mythology and Indo-European studies generally
Divine_twins
Method of multiple regression analysis used in behavioural genetics
for estimating the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects in twin studies. It is named after John C. DeFries and David Fulker, who first proposed
DeFries–Fulker_regression
American clinical psychologist and author
Francisco Bay Area. He is known for his criticisms of behavior genetics and twin studies in psychology and psychiatry. His view, as he articulated in his 2003
Jay_Joseph
English educational psychologist (1883–1971)
line with the correlations found in other twin studies. Rushton (1997) wrote that five different studies on twins reared apart by independent researchers
Cyril_Burt
Nazi SS doctor at Auschwitz (1911–1979)
viewed the opportunity to undertake twin research at Auschwitz as unique, as it is normally difficult to locate and study a significant number of subjects
Josef_Mengele
Condition involving social and behavioral differences
effects or by rare multi-gene interactions of common genetic variants. Twin studies indicate that autism is highly heritable, with genetic factors explaining
Autism
Disorder characterized by impaired language development
influenced by genetic factors. The best evidence comes from the twin study method. Two twins growing up together are exposed to the same home environment
Developmental language disorder
Developmental_language_disorder
Medical condition
"Prevalence and heritability of skin picking in an adult community sample: A twin study". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
Excoriation_disorder
American psychologist (1939-1997)
American psychologist known for his work on behavioral genetics using twin studies. Willerman was born and grew up in Chicago. Willerman received a BA and
Lee_Willerman
Scottish psychiatric geneticist
Scottish psychiatric geneticist and twin researcher. In the 1960s, he worked with Irving Gottesman on a twin study of schizophrenia at the Medical Research
James_Shields_(academic)
picture. Advances in genetic research, including genome-wide analyses and twin studies, point to multiple contributing factors, ranging from rare genetic mutations
Genetics_of_synesthesia
TWIN STUDY
TWIN STUDY
Boy/Male
Scottish Irish
Twin.
Boy/Male
Scottish American Irish
Twin.
Male
English
Short form of English Winfred and Winifred, both WIN means "holy reconciliation," and other names beginning with Win-.Â
Boy/Male
Scottish Irish Spanish
Twin.
Boy/Male
Scottish
Twin.
Boy/Male
Native American
Twin.
Boy/Male
American, Biblical, British, English, Irish
Little Twin; Twin
Boy/Male
Scottish American Irish
Twin.
Boy/Male
Scottish Irish French German
Twin.
Boy/Male
Aramaic American English
Twin.
Boy/Male
Italian
Twin'.
Boy/Male
Welsh
Twin.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Twin
Boy/Male
Scottish Irish
Twin.
Boy/Male
Scottish Latin
Twin.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Italian
Twin; Little Twin
Boy/Male
Aramaic
Twin.
Boy/Male
Scottish Irish
Twin.
Male
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Owen, OWIN means "born of yew."
Boy/Male
Gaelic Hebrew Spanish American
Twin.
TWIN STUDY
TWIN STUDY
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Girl from Mathura and Its Neighbourhood
Girl/Female
Arabic
Affectionate Personality
Girl/Female
Latin American
Little armed one.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Tall; Dominant
Boy/Male
French, German
Servant; Attendant
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Lamp of Religion
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Traditional
Who Rules the Earth; King
Boy/Male
Tamil
Very cold as Moon
Male
German
German form of Scandinavian Axel, AKSEL means "father of peace."Â
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada
Always Ahead
TWIN STUDY
TWIN STUDY
TWIN STUDY
TWIN STUDY
TWIN STUDY
a.
To gain by superiority in competition or contest; to obtain by victory over competitors or rivals; as, to win the prize in a gate; to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country.
v. t.
To cover with tin or tinned iron, or to overlay with tin foil.
superl.
Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals of which the thing is composed in a close or compact state; hence, not abundant; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin.
a.
Being one of two born at a birth; as, a twin brother or sister.
n.
Thin plates of iron covered with tin; tin plate.
superl.
Slight; small; slender; flimsy; wanting substance or depth or force; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering; as, a thin disguise.
adv.
Not thickly or closely; in a seattered state; as, seed sown thin.
v. i.
To grow or become thin; -- used with some adverbs, as out, away, etc.; as, geological strata thin out, i. e., gradually diminish in thickness until they disappear.
a.
Having a thin skin; hence, sensitive; irritable.
v. i.
To bring forth twins.
superl.
Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering.
a.
Being one of a pair much resembling one another; standing the relation of a twin to something else; -- often followed by to or with.
superl.
Not stout; slim; slender; lean; gaunt; as, a person becomes thin by disease.
v. t.
To make thin (in any of the senses of the adjective).
n.
Thin tin plate; also, tin foil for mirrors.
v. t.
To understand the meaning of; to comprehend; as, do you twig me?
a.
Composed of parts united according to some definite law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4.
v. i.
To ascend in spiral lines about a support; to climb spirally; as, many plants twine.
superl.
Rare; not dense or thick; -- applied to fluids or soft mixtures; as, thin blood; thin broth; thin air.
v. t.
To cause to be twins, or like twins in any way.