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Topmost part of the soil layer
Topsoil is the upper layer of soil. It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological
Topsoil
2000 compilation album by the Cocteau Twins
Stars and Topsoil – A Collection (1982–1990) is a compilation album by the Scottish band Cocteau Twins, released on the 4AD label on October 16, 2000
Stars_and_Topsoil
Natural processes removing soil and rock
Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's
Erosion
Displacement of soil by water, wind, and lifeforms
unnoticed, or it may occur at an alarming rate causing a serious loss of topsoil. The loss of soil from farmland may be reflected in reduced cropland area
Soil_erosion
Layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground
Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such
Subsoil
1930s period of severe dust storms in North America
methods to prevent wind erosion, most notably the destruction of the natural topsoil by settlers in the region. The drought came in three waves: 1934, 1936
Dust_Bowl
Fine grained natural soil
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Clay
Organic matter in soils resulting from decay of plant and animal materials
Humus is the organic matter above the topsoil and below leaf litter which is finely divided having a high surface area. It is derived from decomposition
Humus
Creation of new soil and rejuvenation of soil health
creating new soil and rejuvenating soil health by: minimizing the loss of topsoil, retaining more carbon than is depleted, boosting biodiversity, and maintaining
Soil_regeneration
Plant species that is first to colonize disturbed lands
However, in extreme disturbance circumstances, such as when the natural topsoil is covered with a foreign substance, a single-species ruderal community
Ruderal_species
Genus of ground squirrels
species. Their mound-building encourages grass development and renewal of topsoil, with rich mineral and nutrient renewal in the soil, which can be crucial
Prairie_dog
Soil material that is ordinarily a solid behaving like a thick liquid
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Soil_liquefaction
1935 dust storm in Oklahoma
economic and agricultural damage. It is estimated that 300,000 tons of topsoil were displaced from the prairie area. On the afternoon of April 14, 1935
Black_Sunday_(storm)
Indian yogi and author (born 1957)
improve soil health. The UN FAO has stated that "90% of the Earth's precious topsoil is likely to be at risk by 2050". However, views have been divided on whether
Sadhguru
Season 23 of American television series
received an extra $100 toward his shopping budget. The dishes were served at Topsoil Restaurant to the judges and 24 guest diners. Similar to how the Michelin
Top_Chef:_Carolinas
1987 radioactive contamination incident in Brazil
found to have been contaminated. In the consequent cleanup operation, topsoil had to be removed from several sites, and several houses were demolished
Goiânia_accident
Mixtures of organic and mineral material that are designed to approximate natural soils
constructed soils in restoring sites is preferable to importing topsoil from other locations. Topsoil harvesting means a second location will be degraded, and
Constructed_soil
Commission runs the LUCAS topsoil survey collecting soil samples across the soils of European Union. Based on LUCAS topsoil database, scientists have
European_Soil_Database
Plant with low spreading growth
is any plant that grows low over an area of ground, which protects the topsoil from erosion and drought. In a terrestrial ecosystem, the ground cover
Groundcover
Biodegradable waste
of many manufactured topsoils, as it provides both nutrients for growing plants and increases the volume of manufactured topsoils. Its woody components
Green_waste
Manner in which fluids behave when flowing through a porous medium
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Fluid flow through porous media
Fluid_flow_through_porous_media
Scottish rock band (1979–1997)
rare and unreleased material included. In 2000, 4AD released Stars and Topsoil, a compilation chosen by the band members that had been released during
Cocteau_Twins
Former stream in London, England
south-west. It has lost its catchment to natural drainage into the gravelly topsoil and to surface water, foul and in early Victorian style combined sewers
Tyburn_Brook
Dense layer of soil found below topsoil
or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic
Hardpan
Artificial island in San Francisco Bay, California, US
interior, was mitigated from salt, and then 50,000 cubic yards (38,000 m3) topsoil was used for planting 4,000 trees, 70,000 shrubs, and 700,000 flowering
Treasure Island, San Francisco
Treasure_Island,_San_Francisco
Works that re-shape the earth's surface
Gabions Ground freezing Excavation may be classified by type of material: Topsoil excavation Earth excavation Rock excavation Muck excavation – this usually
Earthworks_(engineering)
Species of annelid
clearly visible. The worm mostly lies in non-permanent horizontal burrows in topsoil, and is rarely found in leaf litter. Like most worms, its diet consists
Aporrectodea_caliginosa
15th-century Inca citadel in Peru
mixed sand and gravel packed together, with rich topsoil covering it. Research showed that the topsoil was probably moved from the valley floor to the
Machu_Picchu
Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwater
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Well
Change in viscosity of a gel or fluid caused by stress
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Thixotropy
Typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests
the parent material. The soil profiles are designated by the letters A (topsoil), E (eluviated soil), B (subsoil) and C (parent material). In some Podzols
Podzol
Medium in which to grow plants
common to bogs and fens, while water-based plants thrive in a heavier topsoil mix. Commercially available potting soil is usually sterilized, in order
Potting_soil
Island in the Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands
United States between 1946 and 1958. From 1977 to 1980, loose waste and topsoil from six different islands in the Enewetak Atoll was transported to the
Runit_Island
Reynolds. Between 1963 and 1966, the entire length of the highway had a "topsoil or gravel" surface. In 1969, SR 217 was decommissioned. Major intersections
List of former state routes in Georgia (200–699)
List_of_former_state_routes_in_Georgia_(200–699)
Island country in the Atlantic Ocean
and overgrazing by sheep imported by settlers caused a loss of critical topsoil due to erosion. Today, many farms have been abandoned. Three-quarters of
Iceland
Saturated soil type
periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. The topsoil can also be completely bleached (albic
Stagnosol
Capital city of Texas, United States
hills to the west are primarily limestone rock with a thin covering of topsoil, portions of the city are frequently subjected to flash floods from the
Austin,_Texas
Subspecies of snake
shavings Cypress mulch Coconut fiber/coir Coconut chip Organic topsoil (fertilizer-free) Topsoil/sand mixes Bioactive forest-floor mixes Avoid any pine or
Florida_kingsnake
Shallow channel cut by water
semi-arid regions) into badlands. Rills are created when fire erodes the soil topsoil on hillsides and so are significantly affected by seasonal weather patterns
Rill
extreme ground scouring in Hickman County with grass and several inches of topsoil removed in multiple locations. In Bremen, a row of four homes was obliterated
List of F4, EF4, and IF4 tornadoes (2020–present)
List_of_F4,_EF4,_and_IF4_tornadoes_(2020–present)
1982 album by the Cocteau Twins
version of "Blind Dumb Deaf" is included on the 2000 compilation Stars and Topsoil, a version of "Hazel" appears on the band's 1983 Peppermint Pig EP and
Garlands_(album)
Governing body of Olympic sports
Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects
International Olympic Committee
International_Olympic_Committee
City in Texas, United States
Escarpment, which consists mostly of hilly, karst-like terrain with little topsoil and higher elevations and which is part of the Texas Hill Country. Located
Round_Rock,_Texas
2009 book by Lierre Keith
entire ecosystems, such as the North American prairie, and destroying topsoil. Keith also considers modern agriculture to be the root cause of slavery
The_Vegetarian_Myth
Herb known as sweet wormwood
the preferred soil conditions for A. annua are light soils with deep topsoils and good drainage properties. But it is reported, that the plant is adaptable
Artemisia_annua
1990s art movement in Brooklyn, New York City
Lalalandia's night space, El Sensorium which featured a bar "covered with topsoil in which lime-green weeds sprout nurtured by a waterfall". The Outpost
Brooklyn_Immersionists
U.S. national memorial in Washington, D.C.
first phase began with the excavation of about 7 feet 8 inches (2.3 m) of topsoil down to a level of loam, consisting of equal parts of sand and clay, hard
Washington_Monument
1985 EP by Cocteau Twins
The Pink Opaque (1985), and a remastered version appears on Stars and Topsoil (2000). On the 7", the song "Kookaburra" has a short percussive introduction
Aikea-Guinea
Classification of soil or sediment
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Silt
below' and refers to any material existing or extracted from beneath the topsoil, including sand, chalk and clay. The term is also used for materials used
Substrate_(building)
1999 compilation album by the Cocteau Twins
ethereal wave dream pop Length 103:01 Label Bella Union Rykodisc Cocteau Twins chronology Milk & Kisses (1996) BBC Sessions (1999) Stars and Topsoil (2000)
BBC Sessions (Cocteau Twins album)
BBC_Sessions_(Cocteau_Twins_album)
Ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth
root growth (although some plants, such as rice, tolerate waterlogging); Topsoil or horizon O is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure
Soil_fertility
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Base-cation_saturation_ratio
Region of Texas, USA
The terrain throughout the region is characterized by a thin layer of topsoil and many exposed rocks and boulders, making the region very dry and prone
Texas_Hill_Country
Triple mix is a mixture of three equal parts of topsoil, peat, and compost. It is commercially sold as a means to amend a variety of poor soil conditions
Triple_mix
United States meteorological event
through the front lawn of a nearby house, all grass and several inches of topsoil was scoured away in a narrow swath. Several homes were reduced to bare
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011
Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_21–26,_2011
Third planet from the Sun
the recycling of organic waste. The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends on dissolved nutrients
Earth
Conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems
and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems. It focuses on topsoil regeneration, increasing biodiversity, improving the water cycle, enhancing
Regenerative_agriculture
Maximum-security prison located in Fayette County, Pennsylvania
The FDG cap would then be covered with a mix of coal ash and topsoil. Coal ash and topsoil were also used to stabilize a dam which was holding back a large
State Correctional Institution – Fayette
State_Correctional_Institution_–_Fayette
Species of conifer tree
root system allows it to survive drought, and helps to retain surrounding topsoil during dry, windy conditions. Cedar wood Eastern white cedar Farjon, A
Juniperus_virginiana
Group of climbing, coiling, and trailing perennial vine
also transfer valuable minerals from the subsoil to the topsoil, thereby improving the topsoil. In the deforested section of the central Amazon Basin in
Kudzu
Land route
working (crushing and screening) of materials for construction needs. The topsoil and vegetation is removed from the borrow pit and stockpiled for subsequent
Road
American geochemist
peaking in the mid-20th century.[citation needed] Samples taken from nearby topsoil also support this observation. Boyle directly attributes these increased
Edward_A._Boyle
Region in the southwestern United States in New Mexico and Texas
its low relief, frequent turbulent winds, lack of vegetation, and loose topsoil. The landscape is dotted by numerous small playa lakes, depressions that
Llano_Estacado
Cultivation of plants and animals to produce foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials
Mulch residue has been measured at levels of 50 to 260 kg per hectare in topsoil in areas where mulch use dates back more than 10 years, which confirms
Agriculture
Species of cricket-like animal
ovipositor, through which she may lay between 80 and 200 eggs in damp or wet topsoil during the mating season. Libanasidus vittatus is omnivorous, feeding on
Parktown_prawn
British coal mining company
severe. According to GCM, topsoil will be removed and preserved once the mining operation begins in a particular block. Topsoil will be brought back and
GCM_Resources
Type of moraine that forms at the terminal of a glacier
crushing them or contributing to the process of the glacier plowing the topsoil, which removes the vegetation from the soil completely, including the root
Terminal_moraine
a number of compilation albums have been released, notably Stars and Topsoil (2000), which was certified Silver in the United Kingdom. Notes "Pearly-Dewdrops'
Cocteau_Twins_discography
bending large steel power poles to the ground in a rural area and scouring topsoil before striking the town, where metal buildings were destroyed, sheet metal
Tornadoes_of_2022
similar soil over calcareous material. It is often called A/C soil, as the topsoil, or A horizon, is immediately over a C horizon (unaltered parent material)
Ranker_(soil)
Non-irrigated farming in areas with little rainfall during the growing season
tillage to kill weeds) are at odds with techniques for conserving topsoil. Since healthy topsoil is critical to sustainable agriculture, in particular within
Dryland_farming
Highland region in central-southern United States
significant abandoned underground mine problems and heavy metal contamination in topsoil and groundwater in the Tri-State district. Much of the area supports beef
Ozarks
Building material
used in its natural shape and can be applied to stones recovered from the topsoil or subsoil. Although fieldstone is generally used to describe such material
Fieldstone
Topics referred to by the same term
involving the grouping of resources Soil stockpile, a method of storing topsoil during civil construction Panic buying, of consumer goods Strategic National
Stockpile_(disambiguation)
Sudden movement of the Earth's crust
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Earthquake
Series of holes designed for the game of golf
Scotland that golf has been played since the 15th century. The shallow topsoil and sandy subsoil made links land unsuitable for the cultivation of crops
Golf_course
Artificial lake, rowing lake in New South Wales, Australia
bitumen paving. Furthermore, recovered crushed sandstone and existing topsoil from the site was amassed and reclaimed during construction. Energy: Solar
Sydney International Regatta Centre
Sydney_International_Regatta_Centre
Prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
Origins and Hazardous Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Topsoil Surrounding Oil Fields: A Case Study on the Loess Plateau, China". International
Yan'an
Mix of crumbled stones
Structures (Interaction) Natural features Topography Vegetation Terrain Topsoil Water table Bedrock Subgrade Subsoil Earthworks Shoring structures Retaining
Gravel
subsoil of calcium carbonate, with good moisture retaining properties. The topsoil is not deep and quite pebbly, dark red in color with a high lime content
Valdepeñas_(DO)
Type of biome in New Caledonia
nickélifères de Nouvelle-Calédonie: étude sur les potentiels biologiques des Topsoils en vue de leur utilisation pour la restauration écologique des milieux
Mining_maquis
Lowest and supporting layer of a structure
transfer the load of a structure down through the upper weak layer of topsoil to the stronger layer of subsoil below. There are different types of deep
Foundation_(engineering)
Earth, a natural material
the same time soil microbes contribute to carbon sequestration in the topsoil through the formation of stable humus. In the aim to sequester more carbon
Soil
Group of insects
rotting, or the gnats may be attracted to fungus growing in saturated topsoil. Consequently, allowing the top two inches of soil to dry may reduce their
Fungus_gnat
Flood prevention measure
mountain embankment shows how bad soil management contributes to tonnes of topsoil ending up in flood areas and river beds. It costs a fortune to collect
Leaky_dam
Valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the US
Missoula in Montana and scoured across Eastern Washington, sweeping its topsoil down the Columbia River Gorge. When floodwaters met log- and ice-jams at
Willamette_Valley
Arrangement of organic and mineral layers in soil
Humus form is the features of the topsoil and plant litter in a biome, such as mull humus form in deciduous forest or mor humus form in coniferous forest
Humus_form
Chicago development site named for former steel mill
the plans. In 2004, a new park was constructed on the lakefront, with topsoil composed of dried mud obtained from Peoria Lake. From July 8–10, 2011,
South_Works
Species of rodent
galls, flowers, and fungi. Scatter-hoarding of seeds in leaf litter and topsoil is observed, but rare. Female Arizona gray squirrels undergo a day-long
Arizona_gray_squirrel
Small Portuguese archipelago
different. The high, long, and rocky islands of the group are barren of topsoil, and the only vertebrate wildlife consists of about sixteen species of
Desertas_Islands
Forest that has developed over a long period of time without disturbance
Downed wood replenishes topsoil as it decays
Old-growth_forest
Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
September 1920 and closed in 1974. As farming activities declined, the rich topsoil and underlying sand was mined. After 20 years of mining, the riverbanks
Chipping Norton, New South Wales
Chipping_Norton,_New_South_Wales
Plantation of grape-bearing vines
Malvasia grape vines growing in topsoil covered in lapilli, at La Geria, Lanzarote, Canary Islands. The low, curved walls protect the vines from the constant
Vineyard
Island in New Territories, Hong Kong
Tanka fishermen began to use the anchorage and built the temple, the topsoil (地皮; dei6pei4; 'the skin of the land') rights being granted to them in
Tap_Mun
In soil classification, an Umbrisol is a soil with a dark topsoil and in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil—in most
Umbrisol
Upper layer of soil and grass
sod farms in Turkey found harvesting sod causes a significant loss of topsoil and key nutrients, more than that of other kinds of agriculture in the
Sod
2019 novella by Mike Ma
Loadenthal 2022, pp. 176–177. Amend, Alex (Summer 2020). "Blood and Vanishing Topsoil: American Ecofascism Past, Present, and in the Coming Climate Crisis".
Harassment_Architecture
Major river system in the United States
running water, have greatly impacted the system due to erosion affecting topsoil in agriculturally heavy areas. In 1993, the Mississippi River flood devastated
Mississippi_River_System
Island and commumity in British Columbia, Canada
northwestern part and many of the sands at the southern end have loam-textured topsoils. Podzols are common and the bleached sand grains associated with their
Hornby_Island
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
Female
Arthurian
, shallot (the onion); or, Alclut, the name of the rock of Dumbarton.
Girl/Female
German
Glorious Day
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hurst.Jewish : American adoption of the English name in place of some like-sounding Ashkenazic name such as Hirsch.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Smiling, Happy
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva, A tree
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Brave in the Battlefield
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Thoughtful
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Star
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire, Dorset)
English (Hampshire, Dorset) : occupational name for a cowherd, from Old French vachier.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wise, Blossom
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
TOPSOIL
n.
The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an excavation or embankment is begun.
n.
The upper layer of soil; surface soil.