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NASA artificial satellite
Solrad 9, also known Explorer 37 and Explorer SE-B, was one of the SOLRAD (Solar Radiation) program that began in 1960 to provide continuous coverage
SOLRAD_9
Series of American satellites
SOLRAD (short for "solar radiation") was an American series of satellites sponsored by the US Navy in a program to continuously monitor the Sun. SOLRAD
SOLRAD
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Solrad 10, also known Explorer 44, NRL-PL 165 and Explorer SE-C, was one of the SOLRAD series designed to provide continuous coverage of wavelength and
SOLRAD_10
Defunct satellite
The SOLRAD 8,Explorer 30 or SE-A satellite was one of the NASA SOLRAD (Solar Radiation) program that began in 1960 to provide continuous coverage of solar
SOLRAD_8
U.S. solar X-ray and surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 1 (from "solar radiation") is the public designation for SOLRAD/GRAB 1, a combination science and surveillance satellite launched into orbit on
SOLRAD_1
U.S. satellite launched in 1960
SOLRAD 2 (from "solar radiation") was the public designation for a combination surveillance and solar X-rays and ultraviolet scientific satellite, the
SOLRAD_2
Solar storms during solar cycle 20
August flare was among the largest since records began. It saturated the Solrad 9 X-ray sensor at approximately X5.3 but was estimated to be in the vicinity
August_1972_solar_storms
Solar monitoring satellite
SOLRAD 7B was the eighth solar X-Ray monitoring satellite in the SOLRAD series and the fifth to successfully orbit the Earth. It was launched via Thor
SOLRAD_7B
Solar X-ray monitoring satellite
SOLRAD 7A was the seventh solar X-ray monitoring satellite in the SOLRAD series, and the fourth to successfully orbit the Earth. It was boosted into orbit
SOLRAD_7A
Ongoing NASA space exploration program
Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9. The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX), Small Explorers
Explorers_Program
American surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 4B (from "solar radiation") was a solar X-ray, ultraviolet, and electronic surveillance satellite. Developed by the United States Navy's United
SOLRAD_4B
U.S. solar X-ray and surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 3 (from "solar radiation") was a solar X-ray satellite, the third in the SOLRAD program. Developed by the United States Navy's Naval Research Laboratory
SOLRAD_3
US navy surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 4 (from "solar radiation") was a solar X-rays, ultraviolet, and electronic surveillance satellite. Developed by the United States Navy's United
SOLRAD_4
Rocket launch site at Vandenberg Space Force Base in the United States
April 1962, when a Scout X-2 launched SOLRAD 4B for the Naval Research Laboratory. It was the only probe in the SOLRAD series to launch from California; however
Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 5
Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_5
Reconnaissance In orbit Successful 5 March 18:28 Scout-B Wallops LA-3 Explorer 37 (Solrad 9) NASA Low Earth Research 16 November 1990 Successful 6 March 11:02 Kosmos-2
1968_in_spaceflight
American cartoonist (born 1996)
November 1, 2025. "Art Is Political: Aria Baci Interviews Caroline Cash". SOLRAD. Interviewed by Aria Baci. Jan 20, 2026. MacDonald, Heidi (Sep 15, 2025)
Caroline_Cash
First US orbital surveillance program
and referred to in its scientific capacity as SOLRAD ("SOLar RADiation"). The first GRAB satellite, SOLRAD 1, was launched 22 June 1960, on the same rocket
Galactic Radiation and Background
Galactic_Radiation_and_Background
Rocket launch site in Florida, US
their new rocket, the Falcon 9. Since the early 2010s, the pad has transformed into a high-volume launch site for the Falcon 9, being mainly used to service
Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40
Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_40
Comparison of a wide range of volumes
retrieved 18 November 2009: "5.1e+02 solRad" VizeR page for S Orionis, retrieved 18 November 2009: "5.3e+02 solRad" Humphreys, Roberta M.; VY Canis Majoris:
Orders_of_magnitude_(volume)
Satellite that covertly collects data for intelligence or military applications
Electronic reconnaissance Signals intelligence, intercepts stray radio waves. SOLRAD is the earliest known. Optical imaging surveillance Earth imaging satellites
Reconnaissance_satellite
Family of US solid-propellant rocket motors
Aurora (P67-1), Orbiscal (P68-1), Lincoln Calibration Sphere 4, S3-2, Solrad 11A/B, SPX plume generator package, Freja, Meteor and Equator-S, Star 13C
Star_(rocket_stage)
Claims that Earth may have other natural satellites
2022. "Entry Dynamics". Chutes.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2026-04-30. "The Solrad 11A/B Satellites". NASA's HEASARC: Observatories. Retrieved 5 June 2024
Claimed_moons_of_Earth
American cartoonist (b. 1968)
"Existing Within a Shared Human Context: Hagai Palevsky Reviews Peep #1". SOLRAD. Retrieved April 21, 2026. "1997 Ignatz Award Nominees and Winners". Comic
Steven_Weissman
Experimental satellite
satellite launched simultaneously with four other satellites (including SOLRAD 7A and POPPY 3) on 11 January 1964 by the U.S. military from Vandenberg
GGSE-1
missions. Since it has had 768 launches, this gives it a reliability of 91.9%, which puts it within the average range for rockets that started around the
List of failed Thor and Delta launches
List_of_failed_Thor_and_Delta_launches
program (SOLRAD) was conceived in the late 1950s to study the Sun's effects on Earth, particularly during periods of heightened solar activity. Solrad 1 was
History_of_X-ray_astronomy
Satellite navigation system
specifically the United States Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test on July 9, 1962 and subsequent radiation belt. Transit 5A3 used batteries powered by
Transit (satellite navigation system)
Transit_(satellite_navigation_system)
American politician
Warren". Solrad: The Online Literary Magazine for Comics. "SVA Talk: Radical: A Political Graphic Novel". School of Visual Arts. February 9, 2023. Retrieved
Julia_Salazar
American magazine publisher
Bemiss and From Kazoo to Noisemakers: Alyssa Wejebe interviews Erin Bried". solrad.co. Retrieved 2024-01-05. Chelsea Johnson. "The Ms. Q&A: Erin Bried believes
Erin_Bried
Alfred Hitchcock. June 22 – The United States Naval Research Laboratory SOLRAD 1 Galactic Radiation and Background program satellite is successfully launched
1960_in_the_United_States
American cartoonist and editor
Rob (2020-01-27). "The Examined Life: Hazel Newlevant's No Ivy League". SOLRAD. Retrieved 2022-03-13. McMillan, Graeme (2019-07-20). "Eisner Awards: The
Hazel_Newlevant
(Press release). Department of Defense. December 10, 1963. Retrieved April 9, 2020. "Timeline: Key dates in U.S. space shuttle program". Reuters. July
List of space programs of the United States
List_of_space_programs_of_the_United_States
Comedy troupe at Wake Forest University
"Treating Myself to Gatorade and Gum: An Interview with Emma Hunsinger - SOLRAD". SOLRAD. Retrieved 24 July 2020. Instagram: LiltingBanshees official account
The_Lilting_Banshees
Amateur radio satellite
surveillance package, GGSE-2, GGSE-3, Surcal 2B, SECOR 3, SOLRAD 7B, and Dodedcapole 1) on 9 March 1965 from Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex
OSCAR_3
[SEC]
0 in) in diameter, in construction similar to Vanguard III and the early SOLRAD/Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) spacecraft. The satellites massed
SECOR
1963-06-15 14:29 Thor DM-21 Agena-D Thor 378 Agena 2353 VAFB LC-75-1-1 FTV 1292 Solrad 6A LOFTI 2B Surcal 3 Radose 112 ELINT Radiation Ionospheric Calibration
List_of_Thor-Agena_launches
2020 comic book
Hoffman, Alex (May 19, 2020). "Review: The Harrowing of Hell by Evan Dahm". Solrad Magazine. Fieldmouse Press. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021
The Harrowing of Hell (comics)
The_Harrowing_of_Hell_(comics)
American writer and teacher
graduation. He regularly writes reviews for NewPages.com, The Comics Journal, solrad, Intima, and Soapberry Review. He has also written about running for Like
Kevin_Brown_(poet)
Navy Intended: Low Earth Navigation Technology 30 November Launch failure SOLRAD 2 (GRAB-2) US Navy/NRL Intended: Low Earth Radiation research ELINT Destroyed
1960 in spaceflight (September–December)
1960_in_spaceflight_(September–December)
Seventh satellite of the Explorer program
Successful measurement of solar X-rays would have to wait for next year's SOLRAD 1, which also carried an NRL payload, this one magnetically shielded. The
Explorer_7
Month of 1960
spheres into separate orbits. The United States Naval Research Laboratory SOLRAD 1 Galactic Radiation and Background program satellite served as the first
June_1960
Bykovsky. 15 June 14:29 Thor DM-21 Agena-D Vandenberg LC-75-1-1 US Air Force Solrad 6A US Navy/NRL Low Earth Radiation 1 August Successful LOFTI 2B US Navy/NRL
1963 in spaceflight (April–June)
1963_in_spaceflight_(April–June)
Expendable launch system used by the US Air Force
On March 25, 1978, a launch of two DSCS II satellites (3C-35 with DSCS-2 9 and DSCS-2 10) ended up in the Atlantic Ocean when the Titan second stage
Titan_IIIC
successful tests of a satellite navigation system. June 22 – The U.S. Navy SOLRAD 1 Galactic Radiation and Background program satellite is successfully launched
1960_in_science
Failed rocket launch
returned no useful data. It was not until the instruments were orbited on SOLRAD 1 on 22 June 1960, a combination surveillance/science satellite designed
Vanguard_TV-5
Naval Research Laboratory. GRAB had an unclassified experiment called Solrad, and an ELINT package called Tattletale. Tattletale was also called Canes;
US signals intelligence in the Cold War
US_signals_intelligence_in_the_Cold_War
Branch of astronomy that uses X-ray observation
Explorer 7, failed as they were under-calibrated and quickly became saturated. SOLRAD 1, launched in 1960, was the first satellite to succeed in measuring solar
X-ray_astronomy
01:25 Titan III(23)C 23C-12 3C-30 CCAFS LC-40 GSO Success LES-8 LES-9 Solrad 11A Solrad 11B 22 March 18:14 Titan III(24)B 24B-18 3B-52 VAFB SLC-4W LEO Success
List_of_Titan_launches
THE SOLAR SYSTEM". Physical Review Letters. Vol. 9, no. 11. pp. 439–443. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.439. Retrieved 7 February 2021. Significant Achievements
1962 in spaceflight (April–June)
1962_in_spaceflight_(April–June)
prototype Voskhod 3KD airlock. 9 March 18:29:47 Thor SLV-2 Agena-D Vandenberg LC-75-1-2 US Air Force Poppy 4A (SOLRAD 7B) NRL Low Earth Radiation In orbit
1965 in spaceflight (January–March)
1965_in_spaceflight_(January–March)
May 2020). "Lincoln Laboratory decommissions Lincoln Experimental Satellite–9". MIT. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 6 December
1976_in_spaceflight
rocket. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Failure Partial Failure Success 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1960
List_of_Scout_launches
Retrieved 2 April 2015. "Apollo 15 Timeline". NASA. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2015. "Apollo 15 Surface Operations Overview"
1971_in_spaceflight
Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D Vandenberg LC-75-3-5 US Air Force Poppy 3A (Solrad 7A) NRL Low Earth Radiation In orbit Successful Poppy 3B (NRL-PL 135) US
1964 in spaceflight (January–March)
1964_in_spaceflight_(January–March)
19 November 04:48:27 Scout X-4 Wallops Island LA-3A NASA Explorer 30 (Solrad 8/SR-8/SE-A) NASA/NRL Low Earth Solar 20 November 1967 Successful 23 November
1965 in spaceflight (October–December)
1965_in_spaceflight_(October–December)
Rocket launch site at Vandenberg Space Force Base in the USA
grow in size throughout the late 1960s (as seen by satellites such as the KH-9 and KH-11 getting developed), both the Thor-Agena and Thor-Ablestar were retired
Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 2
Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_2
missiles launched in 1964. 34 of the 41 launches were successful, giving an 82.9% success rate. There were 36 Thor missiles launched in 1965. 33 of the 36
List of Thor and Delta launches (1960–1969)
List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(1960–1969)
January Launch failure SECOR (ERGS) US Army Intended: Low Earth Geodesy Solrad 4 (GRAB-4) US Navy/NRL Intended: Low Earth Radiation ELINT Injun 2 Iowa
1962 in spaceflight (January–March)
1962_in_spaceflight_(January–March)
Venera 1". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 1 March 2025. "Scout X-1 - Explorer 9 (S-56A)". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 1 March 2025. "Thor DM-21 Agena-B -
1961 in spaceflight (January–June)
1961_in_spaceflight_(January–June)
1A". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 1 March 2025. "Thor DM-18 Agena-A - KH-1 9 (Discoverer 14)". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 1 March 2025. "Thor DM-21 Ablestar
1960 in spaceflight (May–August)
1960_in_spaceflight_(May–August)
whole year, see 1960 in spaceflight. "Thor DM-18 Agena-A - KH-1 6 (Discoverer 9)". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 1 March 2025. "Thor DM-18 Agena-A - KH-1 7
1960 in spaceflight (January–April)
1960_in_spaceflight_(January–April)
SOLRAD 9
SOLRAD 9
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Beauty; Face
Girl/Female
Spanish
Solitary.
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Osvif.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Beauty
Male
German
Variant form of Old High German Kuonrat, KONRAD means "bold counsel."Â
Boy/Male
Muslim
Desire
Female
Japanese
(空) Japanese unisex name SORA means "sky."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; possibly a variant Seward.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Jewish (American) : variant spelling of Soloway.
Boy/Male
Sikh
The Sun
Boy/Male
German Teutonic Polish Swedish
Brave adviser; honest advisor.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Divine, Celestial, The beautifulness
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, French, German, Jamaican, Polish, Swedish, Teutonic
Brave Adviser; Honest Advisor; Courageous Advice; Wise; Bold; Wise Counselor; Experience Advisor
Male
Iranian/Persian
(سهراب) Persian name SOHRAB means "bright, shining."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Soden.Italian (Venetian) : variant of Soldano.
Male
English
 Variant spelling of German Konrad, CONRAD means "bold counsel." In use by the English.
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name SOLADA means "hearkens."
Male
Serbian
(Обрад) Serbian name OBRAD means "happiness."
Boy/Male
German American Slavic Teutonic
Honest advisor Brave; wise.
Boy/Male
Persian
Name of a hero.
SOLRAD 9
SOLRAD 9
Girl/Female
Hindu
A gem stone
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Hardy Tree
Girl/Female
Welsh
Legendary daughter of KyvwIch.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wise. Understanding.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Horizon
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Christian, Gaelic, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Punjabi, Sikh
Dusky; Dark-haired; Dark
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Young Mother
Girl/Female
Hindu
Love, Rain
Biblical
Hezir, a bog; converted
SOLRAD 9
SOLRAD 9
SOLRAD 9
SOLRAD 9
SOLRAD 9
a.
United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid for a candidate.
n.
A solan goose.
a.
Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the ecliptic; as, the solar year.
a.
Solar.
v. t.
To cover, or provide with, a sollar.
n.
Solary; military pay.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as, the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar system, below.
n.
See Solar, n.
a.
Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.
n.
A sultan.
n.
A platform in a shaft, especially one of those between the series of ladders in a shaft.
a.
Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.
a.
Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes, heavy.
imp. & p. p.
of Soar
imp. & p. p.
of Solve
n.
A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc.
a.
A variant of Sovereign.
a.
Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body.
n.
A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad.
imp. & p. p.
of Sour